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2. The census authorities of the United States say that the increase of the white race in the South since 1830 has not been effected by the aid of immigration, except in Kansas and Missouri. As, however, the whites in the South have increased at the rate of 17 per cent, while the average rate, independent of immigration, has been 14 per cent, it seems as if immigration cannot be disregarded.

3. The great increase of railways in the Southern States since the war of 1862-66 has been accompanied by an increase of towns as distributing centres, and has therefore been favourable to the growth of the white population.

4. Taking the Union all round, the increase for the last ten years-exclusive of immigration-has been 13.90 for the blacks against 14 for the whites. It is claimed that the blacks increased faster only when they were recruited by the slave-trade; and that white immigration has completely turned the balance since then. On the other hand, the diminution of increase among the blacks from 34.82 in 1870-80 to 13.90 in 1880-90 is so vast, even if we allow the preceding census to have been incomplete, as to suggest a doubt whether the negro population has been completely numbered at the last census.

5. Assuming the facts of the last census to be unimpeachable, it seems to result that whites and blacks increase in nearly the same ratio, but that there is in the United States "a perceptible tendency southward of the coloured people." In this case the result will still be to make a belt of States predominantly negro.

6. If we reduce the increase of the whites in the Black Belt by 3 per cent so as to bring it to the normal American rate, their gain upon the negroes during the last ten years will appear to be very trifling.

INDEX

Athens an instance of highly-developed
city life, 148; under the best condi-
tions, 156; in the Peloponnesian
war, 181, 1823; energy of its people,

263

Atrato, mouths of, pestilential, 57
Attila, 90

impossible, 38-41

AFGHANISTAN not all mountains, 51
Africa, Central, colonisation of, by whites

Agassiz, early training of, 305

Ainos, 49

Albert, Archbishop,

heart, 208

on the human

Alcibiades charged with impiety, 262
Alexander's successors, effects of wars
by, 90

Algeria, 44, 63, note; influence of,
upon French society, 124

Almaden, mines of, 107

Amazon, Indians of, 52; whites of, 53
America, Central and Southern, not

fitted for white men, 53
America, Southern, clergy control
schools, 214

America, tropical, proportions of races
in, Appendix A

America, U.S., white population in, 64;
emigration to, 96; European heroism
more than matched in, 218-220;
experience of, about divorce, 245;
displacement of office-bearers in,
279; not quite unreasonable, 280

American militia not very successful in
War of Independence, and beaten in
1812, 115, 116

Anaxagoras charged with impiety, 262
Angola, 35

Anselm revives philosophy, 90; com-
passionate to animals, 218

Apaches untameable, 34
Araucanians untameable, 34
Argentine Republic, its circumstances
exceptional, 58

Arminius, 89

Arnold, Matthew, failed as a lecturer,
164; jests on the Trinity, 201;
responsible for a story about French
schools, 223, 224; overpraises small
men, 309

Asia, Central, capabilities of, 43, 44

Australia the best inheritance of the
higher races, 16; an instructive
instance of new tendencies, 17, 18;
peculiarly fitted for settlement, 42;
emigration to, 96; urban population
in, 142, 143; well-being of its
people, 163; splendid chances in,
169; high schools in, 310

Australia, South, and progressive land-
tax, 19

Austria gained by Solferino, 141
Austrian Parliament and Darwin, 267
Aztecs, 56; docile, 59

BACON, Roger, 13; pathetic fate of, 212
Balzac paints the French peasant, 169;
and filial ingratitude, 297
Bankruptcy, national, examples of, 177,
178; consequences of, 178
Barrios, a half-caste, 56

Baylen, capitulation of, its character,

120

Beaconsfield, Lord, on critics, 307
Belgium, education in, 214

Bell, Graham, invents telephone, 102,
note 1

Bell, Patrick, invents reaping-machine,
102, note 1

Beluchistan not all desert, 51, and note
Bert, Paul, revives Pascal's charges, 216
Bichat essentially a thinker, 151
Birkenhead, heroism of men of the, 139
Black Belt, States of the, 60, 62
Blucher's soldiers comparatively bar-
barous, 140

Boers, 36; occupy Natal, 36; defeat
English at Majuba Hill, 114, 121, 122
Bolivia, Indians of, 52; a tropical

Switzerland, 58

Booth's analysis of London population,
154

Borde on Englishmen, 99, note
Borneo, Chinese in, 47

Boudeuse, La, captain of, kills prisoners,
139, note

Bourrienne clothes French troops in
England, 184, note

Boyle's estimate of Indian population, 54
Bradlaugh edits jest on the Trinity, 201
Brazil unfitted for Europeans, 53;

largely negro, 59, 60

British North Borneo Company is
stimulating immigration, 49
British rule, its tendencies in India, 51
Browne, Sir T., uncritical, 305
Browning, on the stage, 165; reflective,

167; only honoured when old, 331
Brunswick, Duke of, his invasion of
France, 116-118

Bryce on laws restraining immigration,
15, note 2; on town population in
America, 143, note 23 on the popula-
tion of Mexico, 346, note

Buckle's success, 309
Buffon, fascinating style of, 312
Bukhara, 43, note
Bunyan, John, 274

Burke, predictions by, 2, 3; describes
ravage of the Carnatic, 82; a worthy
expression of English genius, 151
Burleigh's (Lord) view of marriage, 241,
note 1

Bury as historian, 313
Bushmen worthless as slaves, 35; ex-
terminated, 36.

a

CADE, sympathisers with, behead
bishop, 208
Caesar's (Julius) massacres in Gaul, 81:
he saves Rome from the patricians, 326
Caesar, Augustus, 326

Calderon gives the primitive view of
marriage, 234
California, chances in, 169
Calvin's rigorous discipline, 195
Cambodia, fine ruins in, 91, 92
Canada, consequences of its conquest, 5;
mentioned, 44

Canning, prediction by, 3; knew
English literature, 311
Canterbury, Archbishop of, opposes un-
denominational education, 215

Cape Colony, 35, 36
Carera, an Indian, 56

Carlyle approves Frederick II.'s political
economy, 107; restricts his social
intercourse, 1573; only moderately
successful as lecturer, 164

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Chesterfield, Lord, predicts French
Revolution, 5; his opinion of
Chatham as orator, 313, 314, and note
Child on the Act of Uniformity, 193,

note

China has little to dread from civilised
nations, 34; her facilities for colon-
ising Turkestan, 43, 44; certain to
grow, 45-51; could support a larger
population, 64-67; form its develop-
ment will take, 95, 96; forced into
civilisation, 111, 112

Chinamen, 31, 33; mortality of, in Nica-
ragua, 57; numbers of, in Siam, 66;
have supplanted a higher race in
Cambodia, 92; probable influence of
their example upon Europeans, 123-
126; supplant white labour, 125;
have added nothing to thought, 341
Choiseul predicts loss of America to
England, 5

Cholera, its effects in 1831-32, 153
Christianity copied Paganism, 24
Church has been very useful in the past,
192-194; its authority became intoler-
able, 194-1963; inefficient against blas-
phemy and immorality, 196-198; could
only succeed at the cost of liberty, 199-
201; was less capable than the State
is of enforcing purity, 201-203; was
less capable of tolerance than the State
is, 203-205; was inefficient in its
dealing with pauperism, 205-209;
and with slavery, 209-211; and has
everywhere opposed a thorough system
of national education, 211-216; has
lost its hold on popular imagination,
216, 217; has a lower humanity than
the State, 217-220; has evaded the
recognition of divorce, 235; dis-
courages critical examination, 264;
distrusts the growing power of the
State, 266

Cicero loathes life out of Rome, 148

Cid, story of, consistent with the times,

233

Clive a typical Englishman, 100; of a
type disappearing, 263

Cobden the real author of Free Trade,

331

Cochin China, fine ruins in, 91
Coghill, Dr. M., approved corporal cor-
rection for a wife, 251
Coleridge, moderately successful as
lecturer, 1643; on Shakespeare, 307;
as journalist, 318

Colley, Sir G., character of his defeat,
121, 122

Commin of Denwick invents reaping-
machine, 102, note 1

Comoy, John, demises his wife, 230,
note 2

Congo, anticipations about the region of
the, 31

Corneille modernises the story of the
Cid, 233; his Medea quoted, 337

Cortez, 33, 34

Courier, 151; transformed by jealousy,
297; a transcendent journalist, 319,
320; on literary reputation, 332

Cousin on the source of inspiration in
writers, 320

Cowley overrated by Johnson, 308
Criticism invaluable and fairly certain

in science, 304-306; influenced by
fashion and feeling in taste, 306, 307;
apt to be too favourable, 307-309;
likely to decline still further as the
highest standards are disused, 310, 311
Cromwell, Puritan and Roman elements
in, 275; adopts promotion by merit,
279; impossible in modern England or
the United States, 327, 328

DALTON'S discovery unsurpassable, 291
Dante perhaps a gainer by exile, 149;
and by city life, 150; proscribed by
Rome, 264

Darwin, Erasmus, dreams of, 290, and

note

Darwin not a liver in cities, 157; pro-
scribed by Rome, 264; belief in,
267; value of his discovery, 291,
303; admirable style of, 312; varied
work by, 313

Davis, President, eulogised by Gladstone,

4

Death, Black, effects of, 153

Debts, national, often rightly incurred,
170, 171; or on plausible grounds,
171-173; may be dangerous, 173,
174; because (1) the State undertakes
too much, 174, 175; and (2) then
national integrity breaks down under
the burden, 175-177

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116; on reforms in French organisa- | Guatemala, few whites in, 33, 54
tion, 117

Fox, predictions by, 3; knew the
classics, 311

France, Reign of Terror in, 25, 26; in-
crease of population in, 68, 74, 75;
outstrips England in ironclads, 103;
adaptable to the stationary state,
105; gained by defeat at Sedan, 141;
education in, 215, 216; law and
practice of marriage in, 231, 240-243
Francis, St., condemns intellect, 212;
compassionates animals, 218

Frederick II., 46; his economical policy,
107; his ambition, 137

French army, size of, in 1740, 95,

note 2

French princes, profligacy of, 198
French society broken up by the Second
Empire, 158
Frobisher, 262

Froeschwiller, French cuirassiers at, 139
Future life, belief in, impaired, 271, 273

GALDOS paints Spanish villager, 169
Garibaldi worked as a soap-boiler, 286
Garrick made Shakespeare popular, 307
George IV. not reproved by the Church,
198

Germanic standard of chastity high,
239

Germany is driving out the Poles, 285
Gibbon, estimate by, of Roman subjects,
67; criticised by Maurice, 89, note;
his excellent work, 303, 304; the
best Church historian, 304, and note;
his concision, 313; his expectation
of life, 323; his estimate of the time
of the Antonines, 339

Gilbert, admirable work of, 166
Gladstone, eulogy of President Davis
by, 4

Gobelins, tapestry of, 107
Goethe on English inventiveness, 102,
note 2; on progress, 203; on the
beginnings of a science, 313; his liter-
ary articles, 318

Goldsmith predicts changes in France,
Germany, Holland, and Sweden, 5, 6
Gray's view of the attributes of power,
328

Great men careless of gain, 288; their
importance circumscribed in modern
society, 326, 328

Greeks comparatively exterminated, 69;
appreciated city life, 147
Grey Town pestilential, 57
Grote, Mrs., disapproves marriage for
men of genius, 253

Guaranis, 56; docile, 59

Guardia, a half-caste, 56

Guerillas of no real utility, 121

HALE, Sir M., uncritical, 305
Hamerton on French society, 202,
notes; vindicates French schools,
224; on the effects of marriage,
253

Hamilton, predictions by, 6
Hare's theory popularised by newspaper
discussion, 317

Hastings, Warren, not moral, by modern
standards, 202; his type disappearing,

262

Hawthorne criticises Englishmen, 100
Heine predicts defeat of France by
Germany, 7; criticises Englishmen,
100; his political articles, 318
Henry VIII., his aims 193, and note
Henry's (Patrick) oratory, 314, 315
Herschel on earthquakes, 141
Hindoos, 33, 34; increase of, 76; have

added nothing to thought, 341
Holberg's estimate of Englishmen, 99-101
Holland, education denominational in,

214

Homer perhaps influenced by town life,
150; comparatively forgotten, 332
Honduras impossible for Europeans,
57

Horace on barbarian wives, 238, note 1
Hottentots, few, at Cape in 1795, 36
Howe improves sewing-machine, 102,

note 1

Hugo, Victor, appreciates John Brown,
6,7; his greatness as a dramatist,
167

Huguenots at the Cape, 35; in England,
283

Humaita, 33

Hutton's (R. H.) work as a journalist,

318

Hyder Ali ravages the Carnatic, 82

IBSEN partially appreciated, 167, 168
Ili, Chinese immigration into, 66;
massacres in, 82; Mahommedanism
stamped out in, 131

Immigration, alien rights of, every-
where restrained, 283-285; unfortun-
ate consequences of this restraint,
285-287

India, its people too numerous to be
exterminated, 34; character of re-
forms in, 83

Indians, 34; not dangerous in Argentine,
58; occupy fertile niches of Peru,
etc., 58

Inkerman, English infantry at, 139
Ireland, population in, 68

Irishmen, increase of, 69, 70, 75, 76

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