TEMPEST. 49 ACT IV. Each one, tripping on his too, SCENE I.--Before Prospero's Cell. Enter PROS- Do you love me, master? no. PERO, FERDINAND, and MIRANDA. Pro. Dearly, my delicate Ariel: Do not ap Pro. Look, thou be true; do not give dalliance Too much the rein; the strongest oaths are straw Pro. If I have too austerely punish'd you, Your compensation makes amends; for I Have given you here a thread of mine own life, proach, Well I conceive. [Exit. Or that for which I live; whom once again I tender to thy hand: all thy vexations To the fire i' the blood: be more abstemious, Were but my trials of thy love, and thou Hast strangely stood the test: here, afore Heaven, Or else, good night, your vow! For quiet days, fair issue, and long life, With such love as 'tis now; the murkiest den, Mine honour into lust; to take away The edge of that day's celebration, When I shall think, or Phœbus' steeds are founder'd, Pro. Fairly spoke; Sit then, and talk with her, she is thine own.- Enter ARIEL. Ari. Before you can say, Come, and go, And breathe twice; and cry, 80, 80; 1 The same expression occurs in Pericles. Mr. Henley says that it is a manifest allusion to the zones of the ancients, which were worn as guardians of chastity before marriage. 2 Aspersion is here used in its primitive sense of sprinkling, at present it is used in its figurative sense of throwing out hints of calumny and detraction. 3 Suggestion here means temptation or wicked prompting. 4 Some vanity of mine art " is some illusion. Thus in a passage, quoted by Warton, in his Dissertation on the Gesta Romanorum, from Emare, a metrical Romance. "The emperor said on high 5 That is, bring more than are sufficient. "Corollary, the addition or vantage above measure, an overplus, or surplusage."-Blount. 6 Stover is fodder for cattle, as hay, straw, and the like: estovers is the old law term, it is from estouvier, old French. 7 The old editions read Pioned and Twilled brims. In Ovid's Banquet of Sense, by Geo, Chapman, 1595, The white-cold virgin snow upon my heart Pro. Well. Now come, my Ariel; bring a corollary, A Masque. Enter IRIS. Iris. Ceres, most bounteous lady, thy rich leas broom groves, Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves, grace, Here on this grass-plot, in this very place, Cer. Hail, many-colour'd messenger, that ne'er And some donation freely to estate On the bless'd lovers. Cer. Tell me, heavenly bow, If Venus, or her son, as thou dost know, he derives from the French verb touiller, which Cotgrave interprets, "filthily to mix, to mingle, confound, or shuffle together." He objects to peonied and lillied because these flowers never blow in April. But Mr. Boaden has pointed out a passage in Lord Bacon's Essay on Gardens which supports the reading in the text. "In April follow the double white violet, the wall-flower, the stock-gilly-flower, the cowslip, flower-de-luces. and lillies of all nutures; rose-mary flowers, the tulippe, the double piony, &c." Lyte, in his Herbal, says one kind of peonie is called by some, maiden or virgin peonie. And Pliny mentions the water-lilly as a preserver of chastity, B. xxvi. C. 10. Edward Fenton, in his "Secret Wonders of Nature," 1569, 4to. B. vi. asserts that "the water-lilly mortifieth altogether the appetite of sensuality and defends from unchaste thoughts and dreams of venery." The passage certainly gains by the reading of Mr. Steevens, which I have, for these reasons, retained. 8 That is, forsaken by his lass. 9 Mr. Douce remarks that this is an elegant expansion of the following lines in Phaer's Virgil Æneid, Lib. iv. Jun. Honour, riches, marriage-blessing, Fer. This is a most majestic vision, and Pro. Spirits, which by mine art I have from their confines call'd to enact Sweet now, silence: Jano and Ceres whisper seriously; Iris. You nymphs, call'd Naiads, of the wand'ring brooks, With your sedg'd crowns, and ever harmless looks, Leave your crisp channels, and on this green land Answer your summons; Juno does command: You sun-burn'd sicklemen, of August weary, 1 Foison is abundance, particularly of harvest 2 For charmingly harmonious. COFH 3 "So rare a wonder'd father," is a father able to produce such wonders. 4 Crisp channels; i. e. curled, from the curl raised by a breeze on the surface of the water. So in 1 K. Hen. IV. Act i. Sc. 3. "Hid his crisp head in the hollow bank." 5 In the tragedy of Darius, by Lord Sterline, printed in 1603, is the following passage: "Let greatness of her glassy sceptres vaunt Come hither from the furrow, and be merry; Enter certain Reapers, properly habited: they join Pro. [Aside.] I had forgot that foul conspiracy avoid; no more. Fer. This is strange: your father's in some passion That works him strongly. Mira. Never till this day, Saw I him touch'd with anger so distemper'd. And, like the baseless fabric of this vision, If you be pleas'd, retire into my cell, To still my beating mind. Fer. Mira. Pro. Come with a thought:-I thank you: Ariel, come. Enter ARIEL. Ari. Thy thoughts I cleave to: What's thy plea Pro. sure? Spirit, Ceres, Pro. Say again, where didst thou leave these varlets? Ari. I told you, sir, they were red-hot with drinking; So full of valour, that they smote the air 6 Faded, i. e. vanished, from the Latin vado. The ancient English pageants were shows, on the reception Not sceptres, no, but reeds, soon bruised soon of princes or other festive occasions; they were exhibit broken; And let this worldly pomp our wits enchant, All fades, and scarcely leaves behind a token. Those stately courts, those sky-encountering walls, The preceding stanza also contains evidence of the same "And when the eclipse comes of our glory's light, Advanc'd their eye-lids, lifted up their noses, Which enter'd their frail shins: at last I left them There dancing up to the chins, that the foul lake O'er-stunk their feet. Pro. This was well done, my bird: Thy shape invisible retain thou still: Ari. I go, I go. [Exit. Trin. Do, do: We steal by line and level, and't like your grace. Ste. I thank thee for that jest; here's a garment for't: wit shall not go unrewarded, while I am king of this country: Steal by line and level, is an excellent pass of pate; there's another garment for't. Trin. Monster, come, put some lime upon your fingers, and away with the rest. Cal. I will have none on't: we shall lose our time, And all be turn'd to barnacles, or to apes With foreheads villanous low. Ste. Monster, lay-to your fingers; help to bear this away, where my hogshead of wine is, or I'll turn you out of my kingdom: go to, carry this. Trin. And this. Ste. Ay, and this. Pro. A devil, a born devil, on whose nature LIBAN, STEPHANO, and TRINCULO; all wet. may not Hear a foot fall: we now are near his cell. Ste. Monster, your fairy, which, you say, is a harmless fairy, has done little better than play'd the Jack with us. Trin. Monster, I do smell all horse-piss; which my nose is in great indignation. at Ste. So is mine. Do you hear, monster? If I displeasure against you; look you, should take a Trin. Thou wert but a lost monster. Be patient, for the prize I'll bring thee to All's hush'd as midnight yet. Trin. but to lose our bottles in Ste. There is not only disgrace and dishonour in that, monster, but an infinite loss. Trin. That's more to me than my wetting: yet this is your harmless fairy, monster. Ste. I will fetch off my bottle, though I be o'er ears for my labour. Cal. Pr'ythee, my king, be quiet: Seest thou here, This is the mouth of the cell: no noise, and enter: Do that good mischief, which may make this island Thine own for ever, and I, thy Caliban, For aye thy foot-licker. Ste. Give me thy hand: for I do begin to have bloody thoughts. Trin. O king Stephano! O peer! O worthy Stephano! look, what a wardrobe here is for thee! Cal. Let it alone, thou fool: it is but trash. Trin. O, ho, monster; we know what belongs to a frippery: O king Stephano! Ste. Put off that gown, Trinculo; by this hand, I'll have that gown. Trin. Thy grace shall have it. Cal. The dropsy drown this fool! what do you Enter divers Spirits A noise of Hunters heard. [CAL. STE. and TRAN. are driven out. Go, charge my goblins that they grind their joints With dry convulsions; shorten up their sinews With aged cramps; and more pinch-spotted make them, Than pard, 10 or cat o' mountain In the same fashion as you gave in charge; Dost thou think so, spirit? Ari. Mine would, sir, were I human. Pro. And mine shall. Hast thou, which art but air, a touch, 1 a feeling Passion as they, be kindlier mov'd than thou art? fera, which ancient credulity believed to produce the barnacle-goose. Bishop Hall refers to it in the second Satire of his fourth Book "That Scottish barnacle, if I might choose, Gerrard, in his Herbal, 1597, p. 1391, gives a full de scription of it; and the worthy Dr. Bullein treats those as ignorant and incredulous, who do not believe in the transformation.-Bulwarke of Defence, 1562. Cali ban's Barnacle is the clakis, or tree-goose. 1 Stale, in the art of fowling, signified a bait or lure to decoy birds. 2 Nurture is Education, in our old language. 3 To play the Jack, was to play the Knave. 4 This is a humorous allusion to the old ballad "King Stephen was a worthy peer," of which Iago sings a verse in Othello. 5 A shop for the sale of old clothes. - Fripperie, Fr. 6 The old copy reads "Let's alone." Bird-lime. 9 See Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, Note on v. 6441 10 Pard, i. e. Leopard. 11 Defends it from the weather. 12 i. e. Until you release them 8 The barnacle is a kind of shell-fish, lepas anati-13 A sensation, • Though with their high wrongs I am struck to the Will shortly fill the reasonable shores, quick, Yet, with my nobler reason, 'gainst my fury, Do I take part: the rarer action is In virtue than in vengeance: they being penitent, Not a frown further: Go, release them, Ariel; And they shall be themselves. Ari. I'll fetch them, sir. [Exit. Pro. Ye elves of hills, brooks, standing lakes, and groves'; And ye, that on the sands with printless foot time Is to make midnight-mushrooms; that rejoice [Solemn music. That now lie foul and muddy. Not one of them, Fetch me the hat and rapier in my cell; [Exit ARIEL. I will dis-case me, and myself present, ARIEL re-enters, singing, and helps to attire PROSPERO. Alon. Whe'r thou beest he, or no Re-enter ARIEL: after him, ALONSO, with a fran- Or some enchanted trifle to abuse me, tic gesture, attended by GONZALO; SEBASTIAN As late I have been, I not know: thy pulse and ANTONIO in like manner, attended by ADRIAN Beats, as of flesh and blood; and, since I saw thee, and FRANCISCO: They all enter the circle which The affliction of my mind amends, with which, PROSPERO had made, and there stand charmed; I fear, a madness held me: this must crave which PROSPERO observing, speaks. A solemn air, and the best comforter To an unsettled fancy, cure thy brains, Now useless, boil'd within thy skull! There stand, For you are spell-stopp'd. Holy Gonzalo, honourable man, Mine eyes, even sociable to the shew of thine, Fall fellowly drops. The charm dissolves apace; And as the morning steals upon the night, My true preserver, and a loyal sir To him thou follow'st; I will pay thy graces You brother mine, that entertain'd ambition, tian (Whose inward pinches therefore are most strong,) 1 This speech is in some measure borrowed from Medea's, in Ovid; the expressions are, many of them in the old translation by Golding. But the exquisite fairy imagery is Shakspeare's own. 2 That is; ye are powerful auxiliaries, but weak if left to yourselves. Your employments are of the trivial nature before mentioned. 3 So in Mids. Night's Dream"Lovers and madmen have such seething brains." 4 Remorse is pity, tenderness of heart; nature is natural affection. 5 This was the received opinion so in Fairfax's 1asso, B. iv St. 18. Were wreck'd upon this shore; where I have lost Alon. Irreparable is the Says, it is past her cure. Pro. I am woe1 for't, sir. loss; and Patience I rather think, Fer. Sir, she's mortal; But, by immortal Providence, she's mine; I chose her, when I could not ask my father For his advice; nor thought I had one: she Is daughter to this famous duke of Milan, Of whom so often I have heard renown, But never saw before; of whom I have You have not sought her help; of whose soft grace, Received a second life, and second father For the like loss, I have her sovereign aid, And rest myself content. Alon. You the like loss? Pro. As great to me, as late; and portable" To make the dear loss, have I means much weaker Than you may call to comfort you; for I Have lost my daughter. Alon. A daughter? O heavens! that they were living both in Naples, The king and queen there! that they were, I wish Myself were mudded in that oozy bed Where my son lies. When did you lose your daughter? Pro. In this last tempest. I perceive, these lords At this encounter do so much admire, That they devour their reason; and scarce think Their eyes do offices of truth, their words Are natural breath: but, howsoe'er you have Been justled from your senses, know for certain, That I am Prospero, and that very duke Which was thrust forth of Milan; who most strangely Upon this shore, where you were wreck'd, was landed, To be the lord on't. No more yet of this; Not a relation for a breakfast, nor Befitting this first meeting. Welcome, sir; The entrance of the Cell opens, and discovers FER- Mira. Sweet lord, you play me false. I would not for the world. No, my dearest love, 53 There, sir, stop: I have inly wept, Or should have spoke ere this. Look down, you gods, And on this couple drop a blessed crown; For it is you, that have chalk'd forth the way Which brought us hither! Alon. I say, Amen, Gonzalo Gon. Was Milan thrust from Milan, that his issue Should become kings of Naples? O, rejoice Give me your hands: [TO FER. and MIRA. Let grief and sorrow still embrace his heart, That doth not wish you joy! Gon. Be't so! Amen! Re-enter ARIEL, with the Master and Boatswain amazedly following. O look, sir, look, sir; here are more of us! Hast thou no mouth by land? What is the news? Boats. The best news is, that we have safely found Our king, and company: the next our ship, We first put out to sea. Ari. Sir, all this service [Aside My tricksy spirit! Have I done since I went. Alon. These are not natural events; they strengthen, [FER. kneels to ALON. Now all the blessings From strange to stranger:-Say, how came you hither ? Of a glad father compass thee about! Arise, and say how thou cam'st here. Mira. O! wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, That has such people in't! Pro. 'Tis new to thee. Alon. What is this maid, with whom thou wast at play? Your eld'st acquaintance cannot be three hours: Is she the goddess that hath sever'd us, And brought us thus together? 1 I am sorry for it. 2 Bearable. 3 Mr. Pye says, I conceive Shakspeare, who was no nice weigher of words, meant wrangling to be equivalent with playing false, or with unfair advantage. So in Henry V. the king, in allusion to the tennis balls, directs the ambassadors to tell the dauphin "He hath made a match with such a wrangler, Mr. Pye's explanation is correct; but his deduction that Shakspeare was "no nice weigher of words" is totally false. Shakspeare's words are always the most Boats. If I did think, sir, I were well awake, I'd strive to tell you. We were dead of sleep, And (how, we know not,) all clapp'd under hatches, Where, but even now, with strange and several noises Of roaring, shrieking, howling, gingling chains, And were brought moping hither. expressive and most appropriate. To wrangle, in the language of his time, was to haft or overthwart; to run back and yet not cease to contend. 4 When no man was in his senses or had self-pos |