our readers an idea of the interesting contents of these volumes. The embassy of Nicolo Tiepolo to Charles V. 1523, follows, but we cannot give any more from it than a single extract on Luther. "Luther takes from the pope all preeminence and pontifical authority, condemns confession, gives the communion in both kinds, denies the merit of human works, removes all religious vows, allows priests and monks and nuns to marry, does not consider that Christians ought to observe fasts or festivals, destroys all images, and removes many other rites and institutions of the church, both in worship and practice." The next account is "La Relazione di Francia del clarissimo Marino Giustiniano tornato ambasciatore dal Christianissimo, 1535." Tommaseo has published this paper as well as the next, the embassy of Marino Cavalli, 1546. The paper following is of the same date, 1546, and is an account of the mission of Bernardo Navagero to Charles V. Two years after we have the embassy of Lorenzo Contarini to Ferdinand king of the Romans, which closes the first volume. The following description of Ferdinand is singularly characteristic of the age.

"As to intellect, this prince has fine and acute perception, speaks well Spanish, German, Latin, and Italian; replies fast and reasons well, knows a little about everything, likes to question people and to talk with them, and has a most capital memory. He amuses himself with mechanics, especially artillery, and has a liking for it. He is a capital negotiator, does everything himself, everything passes through his hands, and no deputy from any country, be his business what it may, has anything to do save with the king. As to moral virtues, his Majesty is most religious; nor has he ever altered the true worship of God. Every day, as soon as he gets up, he tells his beads, hears the mass also daily, every feast day repeats the service from the breviary, attends vespers every evening, and at least one sermon, but often two. He confesses and communicates two or three times a year, and finally, we trace in his Majesty no leaning except to the true religion. He is so temperate in his passions that he is believed never to have had intercourse with any other woman than his wife, neither during her life nor since her death."

We must now terminate our notices of the valuable volumes of Signor Alberi, which contain facts of the utmost importance to all lovers of history; and in order to guide them to what they may require, we shall give the space of time the work at present embraces, and the localities where the embassies were directed. It begins with 1506, and extends in the present volumes in our hands (four) to 1579. The first is before our readers. The second contains embassies to Charles V., to the Convent of Nizza, to Ferdinand, King of the Romans; Matteo Dandolo to France; Marini Cavalli to Charles V.; Daniele Barbaro to England; Giovanni Cappello to France; Giovanni Micheli to England; Anonymous to England; Giovanni Sorenzo to France. These are followed in the next volume by the missions of Marco Foscari to the republic of Florence; Carlo Capello, three years after, to the same; Vincenzo Fedeli to the court

The next volume consists of a series of embassies to the Ottoman empire. We shall conclude with one more extract from the last volume.

"The importance of the grand signor would appear trifling if we were simply to estimate him from his low and mean palaces, but our notions become altered when we see him on horseback, as we do every Friday, going to the mosque, and far more when he holds a horse divan, for then he discovers the proud pomp of his state, being accompanied by an infinite number of horsemen and foot soldiers, who sparkle in gold and gems; without a sound, in uninterrupted silence he moves on; his people evince a readiness to serve him-an obedience, a devotion, that, as it is unexampled in any court, confuses the spectators. But what still more confounds and confuses them, is that in that spot where military skill most flourished, inventions of science, the reasoning arts, the noblest writings, the finest laws, the most prudent sages, now there appears not a trace of them. The miserable realms are in the hands of barbarous and brutal chiefs. Grass covers the most famous cities; the finest buildings are either buried, or destroyed, or ruined; brutal violence has extinguished not only virtue, arms, literature, obscured all liberty and nobility, but uprooted even their memory. These lovely countries are so bare of all culture, that the wretched inhabitants have a proverb, Where the Ottoman steed puts his feet, the grass never grows.'"

THE above is a compendium for Italian education, and we perceive with great pleasure that the author has selected principally English works for this object. He appears in some respects to have very just ideas of education, and we quite agree with the principle he lays down, that amusement is too little intermixed with instruction in elementary schools. The false methods pursued in education have prevented many persons from becoming educated. The following scheme of schools in the LombardoVenetian kingdom seems to comprise an immense course.

In elementary schools they teach, 1st. The principles of the Catholic Faith; 2d. Reading; 3d. Writing; 4th. Arithmetic; 5th. Tables of weights and measures; 6th. Rules to express ideas in writing. The higher elementary schools are taught in the three first classes besides the above, and a continuation of the arithmetic, 1st. The principles of the Roman Catholic Faith, with a compendium of sacred History and an Exposition of the Gospel; 2d. Calligraphy; 3d. Orthography; 4th. Italian grammar; 5th. Instructions for composition; 6th. Reading and writing Latin under dictation. In the 4th upper class, which is divided into two portions, they teach the principles of architecture, geometry, mechanics, stereometry, design, geometry, natural history, and physics.

In the elementary technical school, in addition to the above, history, commerce, bookkeeping, mathematics, history of the arts, che mistry, German, French, and English.

this opportunity of saying that a paper has been prepared by us on the Roman Law of Signor Forti, a most valuable work, and in it we have endeavoured to combine all that has been done

1

BONN.-Two new editions of Gaius have recently been published here. The first new edi*tion commenced by Goeschen, and completed after his death by Lachmann; the second, after Goeschen, Huschke, and Lachmann's text by Boecking.

The new periodical edited by Fichte continues to excite a great deal of interest. Three volumes of the new series have already appeared. A new edition of Juvenal by Heinrich, the late professor at our university, is claiming that attention among philologists which it so justly merits. Heinrich devoted a great part of his life to the editing of this author, and it was not till after his death that it was found how much new matter he has furnished for the illustration of this classic. The bookseller Koenig, already so well known as the enterprising publisher of some of the best Sanscrit works lately produced in Germany, has added another to his list of oriental publications; it is "Kammura, liber de officiis sacerdotum Buddhicorum," in Pali and Latin, edited with notes by F. Spiegel.

LEIPZIG.-Bibliopolisches Jahrbuch für 1841, fünfter Jahrgang. 8vo. Leipzig, 1842. (Bibliopolic Annual for 1841. fifth year.)

The present volume, like all the former ones of this useful annual, not only claims the attention of booksellers, but of all persons connected with the different branches of literature in Germany. It commences with the law of the press in Germany during the year 1840, and first publishes the Bavarian law of April 15, for the protection of literary property, and the treaty between Austria and Sardinia with the same laudable object, and then proceeds to a history of the press for the past year, including biographies of eminent booksellers and librarians that have died since the publication of the last volume. Then follow, arranged according to the towns, a list of all the booksellers, with short statistical notices of the towns and adjacent districts or provinces, and the most interesting and most laborious part of the book, a catalogue of all political papers, appearing either daily, weekly, or monthly, with the number of circulation, prices of advertisements, &c. After this, we find a list of all public libraries in Germany, which, we confess, is not so complete as could have been wished; and we have detected several errors in the names of the librarians and other persons appointed in them; and much unnecessary labour has been bestowed on the libraries in Saxony, where we find almost every public collection of books in such places as Plauen enumerated, while considerable and valuable collections in many towns of Austria are entirely omitted. The work concludes with a literature of bibliography and books relating to the press, its branches arranged systematically; and under the head of "Gutenbergiana," we find 134 books, four typographic tableaux, six lithographs, and five medals, all occasioned by the celebration, in the year 1840, of the fourth centenary of the art of printing.

The whole arrangement of the work shows great care and application, and we hope it will meet with the encouragement that it will need to make every new volume more perfect. We trust that in its first section it may before long have to record such advancement in this class of legislation, that may justify a hope that in all civilized nations the necessary protection will be afforded to literary productions of all nations.

not yet been calculated, but it is expected that more will be lost by this edition than by the larger.

Dr. Lepsius has been appointed Professor of Archæology, and he is on the eve of publishing his work upon the Egyptian antiquities and Oscan inscriptions.

M. Panofka is at Berlin. He is likely to succeed M. Koehler in the office of the keeper of the antiquities at St. Petersburg.

BERLIN -"Die bedingte Pressfreiheit, historisch-kritisch entwickelt und beleuchtet von Theodor Heinsius," is a work which at this moment is attracting attention in Prussia. It advocates a much greater freedom of the press than at present exists in that country, but fears that a complete liberty would lead to so much abuse that it would become dangerous to the welfare of the state.

SWEDEN.

The most valuable work which has appear

the more especially as his whole position here as a missionary to the Swedes is, whatever else may be its merits, perfectly illegal. Herr Cavallius, one of the officers of the royal library in Stockholm, has sent forth a Reply to Mr. Scott's Sermon-defence. This formal reply is perfectly withering, and abounds in eloquence, patriotism, and the purest and noblest sentiments. It concludes with an exposé of the mass of crime, misery, and heathen ignorance to be met with in Great Britain, and recommends Mr. S. to lose no time in returning to a land which he never ought to have abandoned, for the sake of seeking "moneys" and proselytes in a land far more moral, religious, happy, and enlightened than suffering Ireland, sanctimonious Scotland, and gold-worshipping, psalm-singing, missionary sending, hunger-bitten, poor-persecuting England! We quote from the author. He also hints that a Swedish mission ought to be established for supplying the starving British artisans and pauperlabourers with-bread and Bibles. Surely we

heathen, savage, suffering, despairing, malcontent, socialist unfortunates!

The second volume of Bishop Tegnér's "Speeches and Addresses" is at length pub

The (fair ?) anonymous author of "The Cousins," has just given us a new work in two volumes, entitled "Sketches;" some of them, especially "The Two Friends' Counsel" (Tvenne vänners råd), and "The Soldier and his Wife" (So'daten och hans hustru), are charming indeed.

The popular German abridgment of Strauss's "Leben Jesu," has appeared in a Swedish dress, and has caused a great sensation. An ill-advised attempt to confiscate the whole has happily failed, and the enemies of liberty of conscience and the liberty of the press have had the satisfaction of seeing a highly respectable and impartial jury return a verdict of not guilty. Several answers have appeared or been announced, and the whole discussion will, out of the intended evil, undoubtedly bring good. To suppose that any great success of infidelity and neology can result from a book so thinly disguising a scarcely even philosophic deism is quite out of the question. The whole thing will soon be universally estimated at its proper worth.

of Sermons, full of simplicity, poetry, and love. Franzen is the St. John of Scandinavia.

Among the mass of translations published hete, we notice with pleasure versions of "Low's Agriculture," Bulwer's "Richelieu," and "L'Education des Mères de Famille, par Aimé-Martin."

Fruit and flower gardening here are advancing rapidly into favour. Not less than two or three magazines are devoted to these questions alone.

ROME.

M. Welcker, the distinguished archæologist, is now at Rome.

The Marquis of Northampton, P. R. S., is here examining the Fali collection of vases.

SWITZERLAND.

GENEVA.-In Paris almost every month brings some new work or other written against Calvin and the Swiss Reformers, and the well-known professor Saint-Priest says, in one of his latest writings of Luther, "Ce moine ivre de bière et de licence, avait fait brûler Zuinglé." We have produced one work here which we hope may in some degree counteract the bad effect of these writings; it is an excellent book, by our