Right glad was the river Caratus,' glad was Tethys, because she was sending her daughters as attendants on the daughter of Latona. And straightway she proceeded to visit the Cyclopes: whom she found in the island Lipara,2 (Lipara oflater-times, but then its name was Meligunis,) at the anvils of Vulcan standing around the red-hot-mass.3 Now a great work was being urged forward.

4

They were forging a horse-trough for Neptune. But the Nymphs feared, when they saw the terrible monsters, like unto the jutting-crags 5 of Ossa; for all of them had beneath their brows an eye with-one-pupil, resembling a shield madeof-four-ox-hides, fearfully glancing 6 from under them; and when they heard the noise of the anvils sounding loudly,7 and the great blast of the bellows, and the heavy groaning of

1 Caratus.] This river washed the walls of Cnossus, which was itself sometimes called by the name of the river. Diana was specially worshipped there, as Spanheim shows, quoting Ovid. Fasti, iii. 81, Pallada Cecropidæ, Minoia (i. e. the Cnossian, of which Minos was king) turba Dianam. Cf. Hom. Od. xix. 178, 179.

Lipara, one of the Æolides Insulæ, of which and its tenants, the Cyclopes, see a noble description in Virg. Æneid. viii. 416-453. Hom. Il. xviii. 369-381, fixes Vulcan's forges, &c. in Olympus. See also Apollon. Rhod. iv. 761, and Lucan, v. 609, about the Eolian islands. Vulcan is called Liparæan in Theocr. Idyll. ii. 134, Juvenal, Sat. xiii. 45.

3

Cf. Virg. Æn. viii. 453, Versantque tenaci forcipe massam. Æsch. Prom. V. 366, κορυφαῖς δ ̓ ἐπ ἄκραις ἥμενος μυδροκτυπεῖ Ηφαιστος.

ποτίστρην, a trough for the same purpose the word ὑποληνίδας is used at ver. 167.

Compare with this Homer, Od. ix. 191, 192, ảλλà дíų vλýεvti Ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων, ὅτε φαίνεται οἷον ἀπ ̓ ἄλλων, from which probably Callimachus borrowed his idea; and Virg. Æn. ix. 674, Abietibus juvenes patriis et montibus æquos. With ver. 53, compare Virg. Æn. iii. 638, Argolici clipei aut Phoebeæ lampadis instar.

6

Vπоуλavσovтα. This word occurs in Mosch. Idyll. ii. 86, ooσé δ' ὑπογλαύσσεσκε. Cf. Apoll. Rhod. i. 1281, διαγλαύσσουσι.

Compare Virg. Æn. iii. 439, Alii ventosis follibus auras Accipiunt redduntque; and with the next line, ave yàp Aïrvη, compare Virg. Æn. viii. 451, Gemit impositis incudibus Etna, and 419,

Antra Ætnæa tonant, validique incudibus ictus
Auditi referunt gemitum, striduntque cavernis.

Cf. Stat. iii. 130, quoted by Spanheim. In ver. 55, èπì μέya (the reading of Stephens and Bentley) is equivalent to μɛyáλws, and the stop is to be placed after μέγα.

4

the Cyclopes themselves. For Ætna was echoing, and Trinacria,1 settlement of the Sicani, was echoing, and Italy, her neighbour, whilst Cyrnus was uttering a loud sound in answer, when they lifted above their shoulders 2 their hammers, and toiled with great effort,3 striking with-alternate-bursts either brass or iron gleaming from the forge. Wherefore the Ocean-nymphs had not the courage either to look them in the face, or to hear their din, without anxiety. And no marvel! for those monsters, even those daughters of the blessed gods, who are no longer very-little, never behold without shuddering. But when any one of the maidens acts disobediently towards her mother, that mother calls for the Cyclopes, Arges or Steropes, to her child. Then from the interior of the house comes Mercury,5 besmeared with black ashes. Straightway he scares the child, and she sinks into her mother's

6

1 Cf. Ov. Fast. iv. 287, 288,

Hinc mare Trinacrium, candens ubi tinguere ferrum
Brontes et Steropes, Æmonidesque solent.

Cyrnus, the modern Corsica, is mentioned as Poívicoa Kupvòs in H. in Del. 19.

2

Virg. Æn. viii. 453, and Georg. iv. 171,

Illi inter sese magnâ vi brachia tollunt

In numerum, versantque tenaci forcipe ferrum.

But the whole passage may be compared with its Virgilian parallels. 3 Horace, Od. I. iv. 7, 8, speaks of" Graves Cyclopum officinas." Spanheim thinks that the origin of this and the former line is Hom. Il. xviii. 372, τὸν δ ̓ εἆρ ̓ ἱδρώοντα, ἑλισσόμενον περὶ φύσας.

ävτηv idéεiv. Cf. Hom. Il. xvii. 167; Hesiod, Scut. 432. In the preceding line árŋdéeç is used as securus and "quietus" in the Latin poets. Virg. Æn. iv. 379. With où véμeois, cf. Hom. Il. iii.

156.

5 Steropes and Arges are coupled with Brontes in Hesiod, Theog. 140, and Steropes, Brontes, and Pyrachmon are the three mentioned in Æn. viii. 425. In the next line, for 'Eousing Ruhnken suggests 'Epeins, "castigator." Spanheim suggests that the Hermes here spoken of is not the heavenly Mercury, but a son of Cyllenius, mentioned in Servius's note at Virg. Æn. iv. 577, as having fled o Egypt after killing Argus; and there introducing learning and numbers. For KEXOnuevos, we must, without doubt, follow Blomfield in accepting Stephens's emendation, кExpμέvos, from xpiw. Cf. Herod. iv. 189 and 195.

6

μоoμúσoεтaι. Cf. H. in Del. 297, and Theoc. Idyll. xv. 40; Aristoph. Eq. 693; Ach. 582, &c. μopμ was a word used to frighten children. With the passage in general Ruhnken compares Il. vi. 466-470, and Juvenal, iii. 175.

bosom, placing her hands over her eyes. Thou, damsel, too, though at an earlier period, when as yet three-years-old, (when Latona came with thee in her arms, at the invitation of Vulcan, that he might present thee natal-gifts,)1 as Brontes placed thee on his brawny knees, graspedst the shaggy hair from his huge chest, and didst tear it out perforce: so even to this time the middle of his chest is hairless, just as when mange having settled on the hairy scalp2 of a man is wont to consume his hair.

Therefore very boldly didst thou then address them thus: "Ye Cyclopes, come now, forge me likewise a Cydonian bow, and arrows, and a hollow quiver for my darts, for I too, like as Apollo, am a child of Latona. And if I with my bow shall have captured a wild beast,3 or some huge wild-animal, that shall the Cyclopes eat."

4

Thou saidst. They fulfilled thy mandate, and quickly, O goddess, didst thou arm thyself; and straight go again after the whelps, and come to Pan's Arcadian abode.5 Now he was cutting-up the flesh of a Mænalian lynx, that his bitches with

1 oτýρia, presents-upon-seeing-any-one, Eurip. Ion. 1127. Spanheim compares Esch. Eumenid. 7, yevéeXtov doow, which the interpreters say is equivalent to orrýρiov. Cf. Donatus on Terent. Phorm. I. i. 12, quoted by Stanley on the passage of Æschylus just referred to.

2 Kópon, the hairy scalp, Esch. Choeph. (280). aλng is what Pliny, N. H. xxviii. 11, calls "capillorum defluvium:" the same as awεkia, used in Soph. Fragm. 379; and from this disease (Anglicè mange) being most common to foxes, a name here applied to men also. In ver. 81, with Kvdúviov compare Virg. Ecl. x. 59, Ire, libet Partho torquere Cydonia cornu Spicula.

* Hesychius interprets μονον, τὸ μὴ σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις συναγελαζόμεvov. dakós, a noxious animal, of dangerous bite or sting (from daKEIV). Eurip. Hippol. 646. Valken.

This line is, as Spanheim observes, an example of "dictum factum,' 99 66 no sooner said than done." Cf. Hymn. in Jov. 87, Εσπερίος κεῖνος γε τελεῖ τὰ κεν ἠοῖ νοήσῃ.

5 'Aρkadıηv šπí Пavóç. This seems to have been a cave. Spanheim illustrates the passage by Eurip. Ion, 301, 302, Ω Πὰν, τοῖσι ooic iv ävτpois, and Theocr. i. 16. For Arcadia, as the specially favoured haunt of Pan, see Hor. Od. IV. xii. 11, 12, Cui pecus, et nigri Colles Arcadia placent; Virg. Ecl. iv. 49; Æn. viii. 344; Propert. I. xviii. 20, Arcadio chorus amata deo; and Theocr. Id. i. 123. τοκάδες κύνες are determined by Spanheim to be canes fatæ," in the sense of foeta in Georg. iii. 176; such as had very lately borne young ones.

66

Then the bearded god gave

sucking whelps might eat food. thee two hounds, pieballed,1 and three with-hanging-ears, and one spotted; which, I ween, dragging backwards very lions, when they have clutched their necks, are wont to draw them while still alive to their kennel: seven Spartan-hounds too he gave swifter than the winds,2 which are most fleet in pursuing fawns as well as the hare not-shutting-its eyes, and in marking the lair of the stag, and where are the haunts of the porcupine, and in tracking the footstep of the gazelle.

Departing thence, (and with thee sped thy hounds,) thou didst find at the jutting base3 of the Parrhasian mount bounding does, a rich prize, which ever were wont to pasture on the banks of dark-pebbled Anaurus,4 larger in size than bulls, and gold was gleaming from their antlers. On a sudden thou wast amazed, and saidst to thine heart, "This would be a firstfruit-of-the-chase worthy of Artemis." The whole number was five. And four thou didst capture, by swiftly-running,

I hov nyous, canes semialbos seminigros. At Hom. Il. ix. 124, &c., some explain it black, others white. Blomfield suggests the English given in the text. In line 92, av púovres will be familiar to the reader of Homer from Il. i. 459; xii. 261.

20άooovas avpáwv. Cf. Virg. Æn. v. 319, Emicat, et ventis et fulminis ocyor alis. Spanh. quotes Claudian, R. P. iii. 265, Mobilior Zephyro. The Cynosurides mentioned are Spartan hounds so called from Cynosura, one of the Spartan tribes (see Pausan. III. xvi. § 6). For the fame of Spartan hounds, cf. Soph. Aj. 8; Virg. Georg. iii. 405, &c.

3

pouolys is here the reading of most editions; but one or two MSS. read poßolgs, into which Blomf. thinks pouolys should be changed in the many passages of Apollon. Rhod. where it occurs. Parrhasian mount. Cf. H. in Jov. 10, where a city is called by this name. In the next line compare with uέya Tɩ xpέos, Matth. Gr. Gr. § 430, p. 705; Aristoph. Acharn. 150; Eur. Phoen. (Valkn. p.

70) Spanheim here compares Psalm xlii. 1, "Like as the hart de

sireth the water brooks.' That this Anaurus was a river of Thessaly appears from H. in Del. 103; Lucan. vi. 379, Nec tenues ventos suspirat Anaurus. See also Hesiod's Shield, 477, and Eur. Herc. Fur. 389, 390, τὰν τε Πηλιάδ ̓ ἀκτὰν ̓Αναύρου παρὰ Πηγάς. With the next line Spanh. compares Ov. Met. viii. 282, Quanto majores herbida tauros Non habet Epirus. Spanheim in a long note shows, with regard to these beasts having horns, and their having just above been marked by the feminine adjective, that it is the common practice of the Greek poets to use the feminine gender of groups, droves, herds of animals, and to speak of ràs iññovs, ràs ovovs, Tas Bous. Ov. Met. x. 112, Cornua fulgebant auro.

without the chase of dogs, to bear thy swift car.

The other

one, having fled, by Juno's counsels, across the river Celadon,1 that so it might become in after-time a labour to Hercules, the Cerynean hill received.

O virgin Artemis, slayer of Tityus,2 golden are thine arms and zone, and thou yokedst a chariot of-gold, and on the stags didst throw golden bits. But whither first began thy car drawn-by-horned-cattle 3 to lift thee? O'er Thracian Hamus, whence comes the hurricane of Boreas, bringing to the cloakless adverse frost. And where didst thou cut thy pinetorch? From what flame didst thou kindle it? On Mysian Olympus; but thou sheddest into it the breath of unextinguished flame, which, I wot, thy sire's lightnings let fall. And how oft madest thou trial of thy silver bow, O goddess? First against an elm,5 next at an oak didst thou discharge it;

4

1 Celadon was a river of Arcadia, mentioned by Hom. Il. vii. 133; Strabo viii. c. viii. Pausan. viii. c. xxxviii. § 7, calls it Celadus, and says that it was one of five tributaries of the Alpheus.-ivveoiyoi. Cf. Hes. Theog. 494. Pausan. vii. c. xxv. § 3, mentions Cerynea, a mountain of Arcadia. Servius on Virg. Æn. vi. 803,

66

says that Hercules conquered the stag called from its abode Cerynitis," i. e. of Cerynea. This does not appear to have been one of the twelve labours, unless it was the Maivaλíny λapov of the Greek epigram, which stood fourth in the list of his labours.

2 TUTUOKTOVE. Artemis and Apollo are fabled to have shot Tityus, son of Earth, for an assault on Latona. See Horat. Od. IV. vi. 2, 3 ; Pausan. iii. 18, § 9; Pind. Pyth. iv. 160. For his after fate see Virg. En. vi. 595; Hor. Od. III. iv. 77. For кεμádεooi, from кɛμàç, see Il. x. 361.

3

KEPOLES Oxos. Horat. Carm. Sæc. 35, calls Diana, " Bicornis regina siderum."-Thracian Hæmus. The cold atmosphere of Thrace was proverbial. Cf. Virg. Ecl. x. 36, Sithoniasque nives. Hor. I. x. 6, Gelidove in Hæmo. Ovid, Heroid. Phyllis to Demoph. 113. And Boreas was almost always designated as Thracian or Strymonian; cf. H. in Del. 26.-axλaivotoi. Hesych. and Mæris, p. 408, point out that this was a winter garment.

4

Four peaks of Mount Ida were called Olympus. A fifth was the Mysian Olympus, not forming a part of it. Strabo, x. c. iii. It is mentioned in Herod. i. 36. Diana tædifera, or dadouxos, was much worshipped in Mysia and Caria, and specially around Ida. See Spanheim at this passage.

5 Compare Virg. Georg. ii. 530, Velocis jaculi certamina ponit in ulmo.