nizes his DAILY EXPERIENCE with a SCIENTIFIC EYE, not to make fome useful discovery. And there is scarcely any man of common understanding, who has carefully attended to the results of his present management, in order to regulate the processes of his future; and who has chronologically memorized, and annually registered, these results, systematically; who must not in a few years have produced a work of PUBLIC UTILITY.' That our Readers may have some idea of the Author's plan, we give the following section entire, as it contains a general view of the whole operations of the farm : • In AUTUMN, - prior to Wheat Seed time, the Writer has madę it a Rule to sketch out the Plan of his next Year's Management, by delineating an INTENDED ARRANGEMENT. This theoretic Plan, however, he has never confidered as perfect and inviolable; but has continued altering and improving it, as Circumstances pointed out in the Course of bis Management. He, nevertheless, has always found it of very great service in proportioning his work to his teams;-the number of acres to be plowed, to the number of beasts of labour he has had to plow them with: besides having a more distinct view of the business of the coming year, than he could have had without such a Sketch. The utility of this intended Arrangement will appear more fully when the REAL ARRANGEMENT and its Uses are pointed out. • In SEED-TIME, -the following has been his constant practice: As soon as the fowing of any particular field is finished, he first adjusls and closes the Labour Account of that field; (See DIGEST, р.145.) and, having previously opened a Seed Account * for each of the Crops intended to be sown next year, he registers in one line (as in the following Arrangement) the Time of Sowing, the Number of Acres, and Name of the Field; with the Quantity and Quality of Seed which has been sown in it. As soon as the whole of a crop, as Wheat, for instance, is sown, he adds up the quantity of acres and the quantity of feed sown over them; and thus fixes the real Arrangement with respect to Wheat. • These several Operations, and this Arrangement, set the Soil and Seed Processes in a clear and interesting point of view; much useful information necessarily arifes; and many incidents now require to be retained, until Harvest, by rough Memorandums. In MAY, or as soon as the Seed is all in, he takes a general View of the whole Farm; correcting such departments of the intended arrangement as have not fallen under the Seed-Process; -as Meadow, Pasture, Fallow, &c. and thus ascertains, precisely, the REAL AR RANGEMENT. * The References to these Seed-Accounts were omitted (by a typographical error) in the Index which was given in page 145 of the DIGEST. The 25-2 to 1-3. 41⁄2 Acres. BARLEY. o Acre of S 2. PEA BEANS. 10 Bushels of Seed. 1 Bushel of O. 10 Acres of M. 3, 4, 43 Bush. of Maz. Beans 5, 6. ofL; and Marlborough Pease: half-and-half, * The time of fowing Li and 2 was from the 29th of the Ninth month (September) to the 30th of the Tenth month (October) 1776. † Of Wheat which grew in the division M. CLOVER 269 Acres in all, excluding hedge, ditch, &c. 291 including waste. • Thus every rod of the Farm is arranged under the head to which it immediately appertained in the Year 1777. By this mode of Arrangement, every patch and every corner is brought into view; no part, be it ever so minute, can escape notice; no straggling acre of fallow can be left unstirred; no ley forgot to be rolled; nor corn omitted to be disweeded: the eye, at one glance, takes in the whole economy of that year's management. In HARVEST,-he opens an Account, or Head, for every particular crop, or vegetable, to be harvested. And as the hay or corn is carried, he registers, in the evening, the number of loads which have been carried during the course of the day; mentioning in one Jine, the month and day, the field, the number of Harvest loads; and, of Hay, the estimated number of Sale-loads; and guesses at the number of Quarters the Corn crops will yield. When the whole of any particular crop is carried, he adds up the real number of harvelt jags, and the supposed number of fale-loads of hay, and quarters of corn; and thus afcertains the gross Produce of that crop. • These Crop Accounts, or Accounts of Produce, he either keeps mifcellaneoufly, and afterwards digests them agreeable to the repofitories, whether barns or ftacks, to which the loads have been carried; or, which is more expeditious, he fubdivides the heads according to the stacks he means to make, or the barns he intends to fill, with the respective crops, and carries with his pen the number of loads immediately to the Barn or Stack to which the Hay or Corn had been carried by the waggons. But useful as these accounts of Produce are in the Barn and Farm-yard Management, they do not give a dittinct idea of the produce of each field; he therefore re claffes them, so as to afcertain, precisely, the number of loads produced by each field or divifion; in order to form a comparative judgment of the various species of management which have attended the different departments of the Farm; and from thence to draw LESSONS OF FUTURE MANAGEMENT." After having given this table of the general arrangement of his farm, he proceeds, in the following part of the work, to review every article in detail. The scantiness of our limits forbid us to enter into this detail-but we shall give an abridged fpecimen of the article Wheat, from which fome idea of the whole may be obtained. •L, clayey Loam, with a retentive Subsoil. S, sandy Loam, with a retentive Subsoil. 'P, gravelly Leam, with an absorbent Subsoil. • The stiff land produced the best Crop; but it was best-tilled and best manured: there was very good Wheat on some of the lighter Soils; especially on the fandy Loam, which was in high Tilth and good heart. And • Perhaps;-Wheat affects almost every Species of Soil.' After this general division, he proceeds to take notice of such remarks as have been suggested by the experiments relating to Wheat under the articles - Soil-Manure-Seed - Weather. Succeffion-Soil Process- Manure Process-Seed Process .. Began Reaping the 12th of August, and finished the 2d of September: Began Carrying the 26th of Auguft, and finished the 8th of September.' + Low as this estimate may seem, it proved to be above the Truth; the whole Yield being only 903 Bushels of Head, and 60 Bushels of Tail; amounting together to 120 Quarters and 3 Bushels. Where the Crop was large and much lodged, I laid it at a Quarter each Jag; but I apprehend it did not yield so much: whereas in a yield. ing Year, a Jag of equal fize to those alluded to will afford from two Quarters to twenty Bushels of Wheat. Such is the pernicious effect of a cold, wet Summer!' Vegetating Vegetating Process-Vegetable Process-the Crop-Quondals. We select what occurs under the head Seed Process as a specimen of this department: SEED-PROCESS. Time of Sowing. Began fowing the 29th of September, and finished the 7th of November, • One fide of L 1. was sown, from three weeks to a month, before the other fide. • The early fown was much the largest, rankest Crop; but it was almost wholly lodged, and the Grain very light in the ear: Whereas the late fown, in general, Aood; the ears were large and well filled; and, although the Crop in the Field was not more than two-thirds so bulky as that of the early fown, I am of opinion that in the Barn the late-fown will prove the best Crop. This equality, however, is merely a casualty of the weather. Had the Summer proved moderately dry, the early fown would have been confiderably the best Crop; its plants in the Spring were far more numerous and healthy than those of the late-fown: and indeed, generally, the Time of Sovving is one of those mysteries of Agriculture, which being in fome degree dependant on Chance, cannot be nicely regulated by human forefight. There may, nevertheless, be one GENERAL RULE FOR THE TIME OF SOWING; which, taken in a general Sense, may, perhaps, be applicable to every Crop, and to every Country, • Perhaps;-Sow poor Land early; rich Land late. • For if the Summer prove wet, a field which is out of heart runs no risque of being injured by Rankness, and the field which is full of Manure will be prevented from lodging. • If the Summer prove dry, a field which is poor, and which does not get its furface shaded before the drought set in, is in danger of being stinted, or wholly burnt up; while a field (of Wheat at leaft) which is in heart, will force its way, in defiance of the dryness of the weather. • Early and late, however, when applied to the Time of Sowing, may each of them have a distinct meaning in different countries. And indeed not only every country, but every county, nay, every district, may have, with strict propriety, its peculiar time of fowing. However, as a general regulation of the above maxim, we may venture to say, • Perhaps;-BEGIN with the Soil which is poor, and FINISH with that which is in heart. Preparation of the Seed. • Part of it was prepared by steeping it in strong Lime-water, salted sufficiently to bear an egg; and afterwards limed. • Part was sown without Preparation. By Experiment, No. 5; -Pickling the Seed seemed to be disadvantageous to the Crop. • By Experiments, No. 7 and 19;-There was not the leaft advantage arose this year from Brining Wheat. |