we are training up a body of men to contribute missionary literature. May I say that one of our finest graduates this year prepared a graduating theme on the points of progress in Japan, and I am sure that that man will never cease to be a student of missions and a contributor to missionary literature.

The Rt. Rev. Bishop Hassé (Moravian Church): There is one aspect of this Report, especially in its bearing on the clergy in our colleges, which I think has not been very much touched upon, and I want to emphasise that. The Report says rightly that there is great need for the promotion of missionary intelligence and missionary knowledge, and it speaks of this in regard to the open doors of the present and the imperative call of to-day. But there is another kind of knowledge that is needed, and that is the knowledge not of what man has done for God, but what God has done through man, through consecrated men. Brethren, it is good for us to know what God can do through a Church that is truly and really entirely consecrated to missionary service. We had an idea brought before us this morning, by Canon Bardsley, of the Church as a whole being a Missionary Society, and may I remind the Conference that there is a Church that has no Missionary Society because the entire Church is a Society, and it has been that since its beginning. I say it is to the glory of God, and I say it because I believe that if our clergy should give our theological colleges the knowledge of what true consecration leads to, there would be that great stimulus that is needed for devotion to this work. In the Moravian Church there could not be a congregation without its collections for missions; the thing would be an absolute impossibility. We are born and bred with the idea that to be a Christian and to carry on missionary work are the same thing. And what is the result? Of our communicant membership one in sixty is a missionary. And this is not artificially kept up, but is the natural outflow of the Church's love in that direction. I believe the proportion in the other Churches is one in five thousand. Here is a Church that feels that it is its divine calling to be evangelists to the world. As you heard this morning from Bishop La Trobe there is this very small home base, and there is this very large circumference abroad. Would it were so that it was the same proportion in all our Churches as in the Moravian Church, and then the evangelisation of the world would not be far off. That is one example. I do not speak of money, because where the life of the Church is consecrated to God and His mission work, there the money comes because the silver and the gold are His. There is another example I want to speak about. No mention in all these Reports has been made of what is a real missionary auxiliary—I mean the Christian Endeavour Society. It has its place in this work. It has been a training ground for our missionaries, and it has sent many enthusiastic men into our colleges, and it has effected this through them,

that where one such mission enthusiast has entered a college he has fired others with the same devotion. I knew one such Christian Endeavour Society which never numbered more than forty members, and yet from that Society of forty no less than six went out for the foreign field.

HOW CAN LAYMEN OF STRENGTH AND INFLUENCE BE LED TO CONSECRATE THEIR TIME AND EFFORTS TO A SYSTEMATIC MISSIONARY PROPAGANDA ?

Mr. J. CAMPBELL WHITE (General Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, North America): The greatest problem is the problem at the home base, the problem of arousing the ignorant and indifferent Church, and seven years at the home base, trying to enlarge the output of the Churches as a whole, has persuaded me of at least five great principles which are capable of universal application, I believe, in the solution of this problem. The first of them is that we begin by defining our task. It was a great day in the history of missions in the United States when four years ago the Mission Boards deliberately decided to ask their missionaries all over the world, what force of workers was really needed in order to meet the opportunity that confronted them in the mission fields. It is a singular thing that we had to carry on mission work a hundred years before asking that question. As the result of that question there have come back from all parts of the earth definite detailed estimates of what is needed in the way of funds and reinforcements, so that in Canada and in the United States two great national missionary campaigns have been conducted during the last two years, and we have been able to go to our constituency and say that we are only doing about one-fourth of the work that we ought to be doing, and that the contributions ought to be quadrupled if we are going to enter into our work with any missionary enthusiasm. Hence a Conference, meeting at Toronto a year ago, definitely undertook to quadruple its workers and funds, and that policy has been officially adopted by every Church at work in Canada. A similar meeting in Chicago was held only a month ago with over four thousand men present, and they accepted on behalf of their Churches a similar responsibility for increasing the workers and the funds. Last night the missionaries, two hundred of them, gathered for an hour at 9.30, going on for more than an hour, discussing the question as to whether we could not more definitely define to our home constituency what is generally needed in the way of advance. If we are going to make this problem intelligible to the people who constitute the rank and file of our constituency there is something of that kind needed. It was decided to ask the Continuation Committee to attempt to discover from the missionaries all over the world what definite advance is really needed if we are going to meet the great opportunity of our

day. Australia has come here with a large delegation, and these have expressed their willingness to give anywhere from five to ten times as much as they have ever done if we tell them how much is really needed. We certainly have reached the time when we can give to a great constituency like that something like a definite idea of their share of their responsibility in the evangelisation of the world.

The second thing is to undertake the whole task. I would be unwilling to go before any audience of business men and ask them to undertake one-half of the task. I am afraid I would be kicked out. If we are not going to undertake the whole responsibility of the Church we cannot get ordinary business men to undertake any part of it. It is only when we put the challenge before them of preaching the Gospel to every non-Christian that we can get men to line up with us. Men are willing to have the whole burden laid upon them of the Church's duty to evangelise the whole world. Upon the wall of the Toronto Missionary Conference there was this, "This is the only generation we can reach," and men are coming to feel that unless we discharge our missionary obligation when we are here to do it we will never be able to do it at all. Men are willing to try to plant Christian institutions in every community in the world if we will tell them what is involved in that undertaking. We hold up our sleeve a great deal of our information. We think men will only stand about so much. We ask them to raise so much this year and then come back next year. They want to know what the problem is, and what is involved in the solution of the problem as a whole. The more we can put the real good of the world into the foreground, the more are we going to get the hearty and permanent support of our constituency.

The third thing is to find out from all the Churches of a city what they are giving to their own support, what they are giving to work in their own country, and what they are giving to the spread of the Gospel in the rest of the world. I have before me a tabulated statement of seventy-five cities in America giving these statistics for all the Churches. That was a mirror in which these Churches saw themselves as they never saw before. They were ready to line up as a single missionary unit. Never before did these cities rise up as when their whole responsibility was laid upon the whole community in all its ramified Church life.

The fourth thing is that we shall have a Committee that will sit from year's end to year's end to get the whole constituency enlisted, and which will make up a contributor's list. The fifth thing as a principle is that we shall lay upon laymen their full share of responsibility, not only to give money but give time and to give leadership. We never get the best out of a man when we ask him merely for money; we must ask for the man, for his personality, and let him put all his capacity for leadership and generalship and advocacy into the problem of enlisting the whole

Church. We have men in this Conference who are giving onehalf or the whole of their time in the service of the Church, laymen who are directly engaged in a business life. If we will challenge the strong men of our Churches to put themselves into this enterprise we will find hundreds of them-I believe thousands of themwho will give whole months in every year to the direct propagation of the missionary idea. £120,000 were added to the aggregate two years, ago and last year £250,000 had been added to the aggregate, and we look forward with all confidence to the time when the whole present output will be doubled and then doubled again. We believe that will be done within the next ten or twelve years, and we would like to see the Christian men of all nations enlisted to help to federate until all Christianity is enlisted in the solution of this problem.

Sir ANDREW FRASER: I only wish to speak very briefly about an experience that I had in Canada. I went to Canada over a year ago to see something of the Laymen's Movement there. There had been a great campaign conducted all over Canada, the principal places of Canada having been visited by deputations. The Chairman of the Campaign Committee was our friend, Mr. Rowell, and he was the Chairman of the great Conference in which that campaign culminated. At that Conference there were four thousand laymen gathered together from all parts of Canada, from the most distant, as well as from the nearest parts of Toronto. They met together for nothing except to consider the affairs of the Lord Jesus Christ and His Kingdom, and I never saw in all my life such enthusiasm, and never felt in my own heart such contact with Christ and with His work. They found out what figure was required to carry the Gospel all over Canada, and then they said to themselves, meeting as business men, What sum is required for us to meet the obligation that rests upon us in regard to that portion of the heathen world that lies to our hand? They fixed that sum also. They added up the two sums, and it came to £900,000 a year, and they said, That sum must be raised. They set before them, as business men, that goal, and you have heard what has occurred since, how they are striving towards that goal, and how, with the help of God, they are going to reach it. The great points that seem to me of immense importance are these: the consecration to the Lord Jesus Christ of the business capacity of the great business community; secondly, the distribution of responsibility, every Christian man realising his responsibility for this work that has got to be done; third, the systematic giving, no temporary enthusiasm, no mere sporadic effort, but a steady business determination, week by week, to give what can be given of money and energy and labour to the cause of our Lord Jesus Christ at home and abroad for the evangelisation of the world, and the winning of His world for Him.

Mr. SAMUEL B. CAPEN (Boston, President of the Laymen's Missionary Movement): The reason why there is a Laymen's Missionary Movement was told us practically by the Chairman of the Commission this morning. There is but one man out of five in our Churches who is practically interested in this work, and it is certainly the part of the men who are interested in it to get hold of their fellows. How are we going to do it? Men are not interested in missions, not because they mean to be uninterested, but because they are ignorant. It is not more exhortation they need, but more information, and we have tried to give them that information. Mr. White has told us how we have done it through the conventions by putting before them the statistics of their own neighbourhood. We also go further and show how little they are giving abroad as compared with what they are giving at home. Our parishes at home are 50 millions, and we are giving 275 millions for them; our parishes abroad are 600 millions, and we are only giving 11 millions for them-in other words our parishes abroad are twelve times as large and we are only giving one twentyfifth part of what we should be giving. The United States, with a population of 20 millions of Protestant members, could furnish all these missionaries, and then it would not take 1 out of 1000. It is not too much to ask that we should ask one man out of 1000, and it is not too big a proposition to ask the other 999 men to furnish that man with the necessary money. During the last year we have sold 1600 books, we have sold 3500 charts, we have sold 360,000 pamphlets, and 500,000 addresses delivered by Mr. Mott and others, and there has been a call for half a million leaflets besides. Information is the first word round which we gather. And the second is organisation. The women are gloriously organised in our country, and the men are gloriously disorganised. We have agreed to form a Committee, secondly to have a missionary plan--that every Church should take up its own objective and see what its duty is. We have also agreed that we shall have a missionary pledge; and fourthly, a personal canvass for weekly offerings, men going two by two and asking every man in the population what he is proposing to do about it. And fifthly, we give a large place to prayer in the Church. It is a man's job, and it cannot be financed by mite boxes and pennies. We have found out in the United States and Canada how to forget our denominations. I am glad to say that there are sixty-two out of sixty-five Bishops in the Episcopal Church in that movement, and the Bishop of Washington, after he had raised the sum needed in his Church, went out to the Wesleyans to help them. What are the results ? Thirteen Canadian cities which two years ago gave £421,000 are giving £708,000, and twenty-one South American cities which gave £201,000 have pledged themselves to give £433,000. It is easier to finance them, and Churches are doing more at home then ever before in the atmosphere which has been