misrepresentation. My endeavour has been to show what the Qurán actually teaches on these subjects.

On the other hand. I have endeavoured to remove. as far as known to me, the misapprehensions, and consequent misrepresentations, of the doctrines of the Qurán, popular among Christians, believing that every such error strengthens the prejudices of Muhammadans, and thereby aids the cause it seeks to overthrow, whilst justifying similar misrepresentation from the Muslim side. Everywhere I have endeavoured to advance the cause of truth, to show just what the Qurán teaches, and so by stating fairly the issues of the controversy with Islám, to advance the great cause of bringing its votaries to a knowledge of Him to whom all the prophets of God pointed as the Son of God and the Saviour of sinners.

Finally, whilst I desire to express my obligations to all those, now living, whose writings I have consulted or used in the preparation of this volume, I wish specially to make thankful acknowledgment of the help afforded me by Sir William Muir, in permitting me to make use of his most valuable works on Muhaminad and the Quran in the preparation of this work. My thanks are also due to the Rev. P. M. Zenker, C.M.S. missionary, Agra, for much valuable assistance in gathering material from sources inaccessible to me.

Without further preface, and earnestly desiring the blessing of Him who is THE ONLY SINLESS PROPHET OF ISLÁM, and the only Saviour of fallen men, I commend this volume to the reader.

E. M. W.

LODIANA, December 31, 1881.

CONTENTS.

PREFACE

SALE'S PREFACE

SECT.

SALE'S PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE.

I. Of the Arabs before Muhammad; or, as they express

it in the Time of Ignorance; their History, Religion,

Learning, and Customs.

II. Of the State of Christianity, particularly of the Eastern

Churches, and of Judaism, at the time of Muham

mad's Appearance; and of the Methods taken by

him for the Establishing his Religion, and the Cir-

cumstances which concurred thereto

III. Of the Qurán itself, the Peculiarities of that Book; the

Manner of its being Written and Published, and

the General Design of it

PAGE

V

3

13

61

96

116

191

205

IV. Of the Doctrines and Positive Precepts of the Qurán

which relate to Faith and Religious Duties

V.-Of Certain Negative Precepts in the Qurán .

VI.--Of the Institutions of the Qurán in Civil Affairs

VII. Of the Months commanded by the Qurán to be kept

Sacred; and of the setting apart of Friday for the

especial Service of God.

VIII. Of the Principal Sects among the Muhammadans; and

of those who have pretended to Prophecy among

the Arabs in or since the time of Muhammad

227

233

THE QURÁN.

CHAP.

I.-Entitled Súrat ul Fátihat (The Preface).

II.-Entitled Súrat ul Baqr (The Cow).

287

291

LIST OF AUTHORS AND BOOKS QUOTED AND

MADE USE OF IN THE

PREPARATION OF

THIS VOLUME.

Abdul Qadir IBN WALI ULLAH. Translation of the Qurán, with

Notes, in Urdú.

ARNOLD, JOHN MURHLEISEN, D.D.

and Relation to Christianity.

Islám: Its History, Character,
Third edition.

2 vols.

BURCKHARDT, J. L. Notes on the Bedouins and Wahákys.

1831.

BURTON, CAPTAIN. Pilgrimage to Mecca.

BRINCKMAN, Rev. ARTHUR. Notes on Islám.

Higgins, Godfrey, Esq. An Apology for the Life and Character
of the Celebrated Prophet of Arabia.

HUGHES, Rev. T. P. Notes on Muhammadanism. Second edition.
Also, Preface and Introduction to the Roman Urdú Qurán.
Lodiana edition.

LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM. Selections from the Qurán.

MUIR, SIR WILLIAM, LL.D. Life of Mahomet. The Testimony
borne by the Coran to the Jewish and Christian Scriptures.
NOELDEKE, TH. Origine et Compositione Surarum Quranicarum
ipsiusque Quráni. Geschichte des Qorâns.

PALGRAVE, W. GIFFORD. Central and Eastern Arabia.
PRIDEAUX, HUMPHREY, D.D. Life of Mahornet.

RODWELL, J. M. The Koran. Second edition, 1876.

SALE, GEORGE. The Koran, with Preliminary Discourse and Notes
on the Authority of Baidháwi, Jalaluddin, Al Zamakhshari, &c.
SMITH, R. BOSWORTH, M.A. Mohamined and Mohaminedanism.
Second edition.

SYED AHMAD KHAN BAHADUR. Essays on the Life of Mohammed.
The Tafsir-i-Raufi, an Urdú Commentary on the Qurán,
The Tafsir-i-Fatah-ar-Rahmán.

The Tafsir-i-Hussaini, a Persian Commentary on the Quran.
The Notes on the Roman Urdú Qurán. Allahabad edition, 1844-
WHEELER, TALBOYS, History of India, vol. iv., part i

NOTE.

IN reading the Romanised form of Arabic proper names, the reader should pronounce--

In reading the fractional sign R, R 4, &c., in the margin to the text of the Qurán, understand by the figures above the line the Rugá of the Surat or chapter, and by the figures below the line the Ruqu of the Sipúra. The terms Ruba, Nisf, and Suls mark the fourth, half, and three-fourths of a Sipára.