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Sect. 2. IBERIA, including LUSITANIA.

9

dering upon mount Caucasus, planted there. It was called also Hispania, from Hispan, the son of Hercules, and Hesperia ultima, because it was the westernmost part of Europe.

IBERIA was separated from Gaul by the Pyrenean mountains on the north; on the other fides it was bounded by the Mediterranean; the Sinus Gaditanus, or bay of Gadez; the Fretum Herculeum, or streights of Gibraltar; the western ocean, and the sea of Cantabria.

It was divided into Hispania Citerior and Ulterior, by the river Iberus in Andalusia; and afterwards into PROVINCIA TARRACONENSIS, BAETICA, and LusiΤΑΝΙΑ. This latter division was made by Scipio.

I. PROVINCIA TARRACONENSIS, so called from Taracco, its principal city, was limited on the east by the Mediterranean, on the west by the ocean, and on the north by the Cantabrian sea, and the Pyrenees. It contained the modern Old Caftile, Arragon, Catalonia, and Valentia.

The most remarkable cities of this Province were PAMPELO, TARACCO the metropolis, VALENTIA, COMPLUTUM, MANTUA, and SEGOBRIGA. This Province was famous for its delicate wines *.

II. PROVINCIA BAETICA, so called from the river Baetis dividing it in the middle, was bounded on the fouth by the Mediterranean and the Sinus Gaditanus or gulph of Gades, and on the north by the Cantabric sea, now the Bay of Biscay.

Cities of most note in Baetica were, the famed city HIPSAL, now Seville; CORDUBA and GADES or GADIR, now Cadiz.

III. LUSITANIA, the modern Portugal, was bounded by the Anas on the south; and the Durius, now the Douro, on the north.

Chief Towns were OLYSIPPO, now Lisbon, and AUGUSTA EMERITA. The people were called Lufitani.

• Martial.

The

The most celebrated rivers in Iberia were, the Iberus, now Ebro; the ANAS, now Guadiana; the TAGUS, now Tajo; the BAETIS, now the Guadalquivir; and the DURIUS, now Douro.

SECTION III.

GALLIA or Gaul.

GAUL was that part of Europe that lay within

the boundaries of the Alps, and Pyrenean mountains, from east to weft; the Mediterranean on the fouth; and the Rhine and British ocean on the north and north-eaft.

This tract of land, called by the Romans Gallia, and by the Greeks Galatia, was divided into four nations; namely, BELGE, AQUITANS, CELTES or Gauls, and GALLIA NARBONENSIS. This quadripartite division was made by Augustus Cæfar.

I. The BELGE inhabited that part called Gallia Belgica, extending from the British sea to the Seine.

The principal towns of Belgica were, ANDOMATUNUM, now Langres, the metropolis; MOGUNTIACUM, now Mentz; AUGUSTA-TREVIRORUM, now Triers; DIVODURUM, now Metz; TULLIUM, now Toul; NEMETACUM, now Arras; and CESAROMAGUS, now Beauvois.

II. GALLIA AQUITANICA lay between Gallia Narbonenfis, the Pyrenees, the Ocean, and the river Ligeris, by which it was separated from Gallia Celtica.

Remarkable cities were, AVARICUM, now Bourges; BARDEGALA, now Bourdeaux; BAZAS; and ELUSABERRIS, now Aux.

III. GALLIA CELTICA, called also Lugdunenfis, was situated between the Ocean and the three rivers Ligeris, Sequana, and Matrona, now the Loire, Seine, and Marne. The two last divided it from Belgica.

Towns of note were, VINDANA, now Vannes; CONDIVINCUM, now Nantz; VIDUNUM, now Mans; GENNABUM, GENNABUM, now Orleans; CÆSARODUNUM, now Tours; AGENDICUM, now Sens; LUGDUNUM, now Lyons; and their metropolitan city of LUTETIA, now Paris.

IV. GALLIA NARBONENSIS lay on the Mediterranean sea, being bounded by the Alps and the river Varus from Italy; by the Pyrenean mountains from Spain, and by the river Garumna: mount Gehenna, and the river Rhodanus divides it from Gallia Aquitanica and Gallia Celtica.

Chief cities were, GENEVA; VIENNA; VALENTIA, now Valence; AVENIO, now Avignon; ARAUsio, now Orange; ARELATE, now Arles; MASSILIÆ, now Marseilles; NARBO, their metropolis, now Narbonne; TOLOSA, now Toulouse; and NEMAUSIS, now Nismes.

Rivers of note in Gaul were, the Scaldis, now Schelde or Escaut. The Sequana, Ligeris, and Garumna, now the Seine, Loire, and Garonne. The Rhodanus or Rhofne.

Their principal lake was Lacus Lemanus, now the lake of Geneva. Mountains were, the Gehenna, now Cevenne; the Jura, now Jour; and the Vogefus, now Vauge.

Hence it is evident, that GALLIA BELGICA included all Germany to the west of the Rhine, Alface, Lorrain, all the Low Countries west of the Rhine, the greatest part of Champagne, and the Isle of France.

GALLIA AQUITANICA contained Guienne, with fo much of Orleannois and Lionnois, as lies on the fouth and west sides of the Loire.

GALLIA CELTICA comprized Bretagne and Normandy, as much of Orleannois as lies north and east of the Loire, as much of the Isle of France and Champagne as lies fouth of the Seine and Marne, with greatest part of Burgundy Duchy, and fome of the government of Lionnois.

GALLIA NARBONENSIS comprehended Languedoc,

Provence, Dauphiny, and Savoy.

SECTION

SECTION IV.
BRITANNIA.

THE ifland now called GREAT BRITAIN *, was, in more ancient times, by way of distinction, stiled ALBION, the name of BRITANNIA being then common to all the islands.

BRITAIN lies opposite the coasts of France and Germany in a triangular form. It is divided from Ireland to the west by the Vergivian, or Irish sea; washed on the north by the Northern ocean; on the east by the German ocean; and on the south by the British channel, called by the Romans Fretum Britannicum.

That part of Britain which comprehends the present kingdom of England and Wales, was in ancient times divided into seventeen petit states; whereof the inhabitants were distinguished by the following

names.

The DANMONII, the DUROTRIGES, the BELGE, the ATTRIBATII, the REGNI, the CANTII, the DoBUNII, the CATTIEUCHALANI, the TRINOBANTES, the ICENI, the CORITANI, the CORNAVII, the SILURES, the DIMETE, the ORDOVICES, the BRIGANTES, the OTTADINI.

Britain was divided by the Romans into Britannia Romana and Britannia Barbara; which last appellation they gave to that part of Britain which was not fubject to Rome. Britannia Romana was divided into BRITANNIA SUPERIOR, and BRITANNIA INFERIOR, or Upper and Lower Britain. The former reached from the Channel to Chester; the latter extended to the Ifthmus between Glota, now called the Clyde, and Bodotria, now called the Frith of Forth, where the

• The old Celtic name is Brettan, signifying a high mountain

ous country.

Emperor

Emperor Severus built a wall, parting Britannia Romana from Britannia Barbara.

The chief rivers were the Thamesis, now the Thames; the Sabrina, at present the Severn; and the Abus, now known by the name of the Humber.

SECTION V.
IRELAND.

IRELAND is the second in extent among the
British Islands, and was known to the Ancients by
the names of Iris, Ierne, Juverna, Hibernia, and
Britannia Parva.

It lies to the west of Britain, and was inhabited by the following people.

The Rhobogdii, Venicnii, Erdini, Darni, Voluntii, Blani, Cauci, Menapii, Brigantes, Nagnate, Auteri, Gangani, Luceni, Velabri, Uterini or Iverni, Vodie, and Coriondi.

Rivers of note in this island were, the Senus, now called the Shannon; the Birgus, now the Barrow; and the Bovinda, at present, the Boyne.

The most remarkable of the lesser British ifles were the Caffiterides, called also the Hesperides, the Silures, and the Sigdeles, lying over against Promontorium Bolerium in Cornwall; they are now called Scilly Isles. MONA*, now Anglesey, on the west, in North Wales. MONA, or Isle of Man, over-against Lancashire; this is the Mona mentioned by Cæfar. The ORCADES, now Orkneys, off the north of Scotland. The SCHETLAND Isles are still further north; the chief of which is supposed to have been the Thule, or utmost island of the Ancients. VECTIS, or the Isle of Wight, lies on the fouth of Hampshire.