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Also, the IXth Number of the Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, will contain, among other articles, the valuation of Bishops' Lands throughout the Kingdom, temp. Charles I. now first published from the Rawlinson MSS. MARRIAGES. At Ludlow, Henry Hodges, Esq. surgeon, to Miss Lloyd, only daughter of the late Henry Lloyd, Esq. all of Ludlow. At Kinfare, in the county of Stafford, Captain Arthur Lyttleton Mac Leod, to Mary, third daughter of the late W. Bradley, Esq. of Colbornehills, in the same county. --By the Rev. H. T. Streeten, Edmund C. Streeten, Esq. of Queen's College, Oxford, to Elizabeth daughter of the late John Warren Paget, Esq.-At Castle Froome, Thos. Jones, Esq. of Ledbury, to Miss Mary Ann Derry, eldest surviving daughter of Francis Bennett Derry, Esq. of the Birchend. At St. James's Church, London, William Wilberforce Pearson, Esq. to Lady Angela Alexander, daughter of the Earl of Stirling.-At Holmer, Mr. Charles Anthony, proprietor of the Hereford Times, to Anne Deykes, only daughter of James Archibald, Esq. of Holmer Court, near Hereford. BIRTHS. At Broadwas Court, Worcestershire, the lady of Phipps Onslow, Esq. of a son.-The lady of Francis Valentine Lee, Esq. barristerat-law, of a son. At the Guildhall, Worcester, Mrs. W. S. P. Hughes, of a daughter.At Stourbridge, the lady of Robert Scott, Esq. of a daughter. DEATHS. In Paris, in his 72nd year, Wm. T. Lenthall, Esq. of Besses Leigh, Berks, and late of Broadwell, Gloucester; he was fifth in paternal decent from the Speaker, of the Long Parliament.-In Bath, in his 88th year, General Sir H. Johnson, Bart., Colonel of the 5th Foot.-In Berkeley-square, Lady Julia Hobhouse, wife of Sir John Hobhouse, and sister of the Marquis of Tweedale.-Aged four months, William Robert, only child of Wm. Acton, Esq. of Wolverton, Worcestershire. In the eighth year of her age, Eliza Ann, only daughter of Edward Morris, Esq. Worcester. At Brighton, in her 83rd year, Lady Cornewall, relict of the late, and mother of the present, Sir George Cornewall, Bart. of Moccas Court, Herefordshire. Of scarlet fever, John, the only child of John K. Booth, Esq. M. D. in the eleventh year of his age. -At Leamington, Mr. E. A. Jennings, surgeon.-At his house at Dudley, in his 75th year, deeply and deservedly lamented by his family and friends, James Bourne, Esq. At Berlin, April 7, his Excellency the Minister of State, Baron W. Von Humboldt, at his country seat, Jagel, near Berlin, in the 68th year of his age, after a short and not painful illness. Not only the State but the sciences have suffered a severe loss in him. To the study of antiquity, and in particular of general philology, which last was his favourite pursuit, he devoted all the energies of his mind, and with indefatigable perseverance. He retained his faculties in their full vigour to the last.-Aged 74, Admiral Sir Robert Moorsom, K. C. B. of Cosgrove Priory, near Stoney Stratford, father of Captain Moorsom, R. N. of Edgbaston. 30 29.238 29.145 50 40 Cloudy, fine 31 29.115 29.110 54 49.5 Clouds, mist, rain Mean Max. 48 37.6 mean Min. Malvern, April, 1835. ON THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VEGETABLE ORGANIZATION.* BY ROBERT J. N. STREETEN, M.D. THE Linnæan axiom, " Mineralia crescunt, Vegetabilia crescunt et vivunt, Animalia crescunt vivunt et sentiunt," was intended to illustrate the difference existing in the objects of the three great divisions of Nature-the animal, the vegetable, and the mineral kingdoms, and may perhaps, for all ordinary purposes, serve to establish a sufficient distinction; but when we come to scrutinize more closely into Nature-when we proceed to investigate her as displayed in the more simple and elementary of her productions -in those productions which we are accustomed to consider as the lowest in the scale of being, and often to neglect as scarcely worthy of our regard, we shall find ample reason to doubt the correctness of the generalization. Many mineral substances, when crushed into fragments, afford minute globular particles, which, if thrown into water, and viewed under high magnifying powers, are seen to gyrate and revolve in a manner highly curious, and at the same time present an appearance and habitude, or mode of action, so entirely similar to some forms of animal or vegetable being under like circumstances, as to be altogether undistinguishable by any of the means of investigation which are at present under our command. That there is a difference between the ultimate molecules or atoms of mineral or inorganic matter and the simplest forms of animal and vegetable existence, we cannot doubt; but as we are incapable with the aid of the instruments which we at present possess of tracing out and examining these elementary bodies, either in the one case or the other, we must be content to take our departure in this investigation from that part of the scale of progressive development of which our means of research, aided by our reflecting powers, permit us to acquire a knowledge. The ultimate particles or molecules of all mineral bodies have been conceived to be of a shape either perfectly spherical, or more or less inclining to a sphere, and these spheres or spheroids of most inconceivable minuteness, varying, however, in their size in bodies of a different nature, and probably also in their polarities or modes of attraction. In the simplest forms of vegetable or animal existence with which we are acquainted, the external configuration of the organic particle is the same as, or at least very similar to that conceived to belong to the mineral * Being the substance of a Lecture delivered before the Members of the Worcestershire Natural History Society. June, 1835.--Vol. II. No. XI. 2 P molecules, namely, spherical or spheroidal. But there is this essential difference. The phenomena of the mineral molecules are best explained upon the supposition that they are homogeneous, or of like nature throughout; whereas, as far as our researches go, the ultimate forms of organization are not homogeneous, but consist of a membranous or filmy envelope of extreme tenuity, inclosing within its cavity a transparent fluid, constituting, in fact, a close spheroidal cell or vesicle. It is not necessary for our present purpose to attempt to define the difference between the simple monads of animal, and the simple vesicles of vegetable existence; and when it is stated that of the former five hundred millions have been crowded into the space of one cubic inch without apparently interfering with each other, and that of the latter still greater numbers have been observed to occupy the same space, it will be seen that the very minuteness of these bodies in itself opposes a barrier to our investigations, the bounds of which we cannot pass. The subject which more immediately demands our attention is the gradual development of the mysterious principle of life, as shown in the variations of organic structure throughout the scale of vegetable being, commencing with the most simple vesicle or germ of vegetable existence, and tracing the increasing development of the vegetable structure till we arrive at the most complex and elaborate of its forms. The most simple form of vegetable existence, according to the views here expressed, of which we can form a conception, is a close cell or vesicle-a simple vesicle, consisting of a membranous film of extreme tenuity enveloping and inclosing within its central cavity some fluid, or perhaps aeriform matter. Such a vesicle may be observed in the granules of the Lepraria viridis, that green powdery incrustation which is found in such abundance on trees, old posts or rails, walls, &c. in damp shady situations. This green crust is in fact one of the most simple forms of vegetable being with which we are acquainted, and when examined with the aid of a powerful microscope, will be found to consist of innumerable small granules* of a spheroidal shape, very loosely connected together in fours. It is not meant to be asserted that these granules, cells, or vesicles are perfectly simple-that they are the ultimate organic elements of the plant; for it is not at all probable that we should here have arrived at the real elementary composition. On the contrary, there is much reason to believe that the external filmy coating of these vesicles, though of such extreme tenuity, is itself compounded of numerous other cells that it in fact consists of a congeries of vesicles of inconceivable minuteness so united together as to form a continuous surface; each of which secondary * That these granules are vesicular is evident, for by touching them with the point of a fine needle, when viewed in water under the microscope, their filmy coats will be ruptured and will be observed to present irregular torn edges. |