to other amusements, he had no other pleasures, but only this daily, viz., to see the blood of mankind flowing. Now, all the wicked boys, or those who had run away from school, attracted by the coppers, collected there to fight; thus the place became a regular fighting ring, and no one dare to interfere; so that the better class of people were put in a state of anxiety, as they were afraid to allow their children to pass that way. But after a while he tired of the boys; but now he would have grown up men to fight, so that wherever there were poor people they went to this work for the sake of a living. In this manner twenties collected daily to fight.

Now, at this time there were not many English at Malacca, so that people looked at them as if they were tigers; and on the arrival of one or two English ships, the whole of the townsfolk locked their doors; and at such times the streets were filled with drunken sailors, -some breaking the doors of houses, others racing after the women that were proceeding along the streets, others were fighting amongst themselves, with broken faces; thus were disturbances got up, by the chasing of people and the looting of the merchandise exposed in the market-places. So if people wished to correct naughty children, they would say to them, 'Be quiet, or we will bring the drunken English to take you away.' This made them hold their peace at once! When even one English ship arrived, not one woman would be seen in the streets alone; that is not to say respectable woman, but even the very slaves kept out of the way, owing to these outrageous proceedings and egregious improprieties. By this means the people were estranged; and when an example was set by the great men, such as the officer above, people were the more terrified.

But to go on with the story of this bad officer in a high position, who set people to fight with each other. This continued for a few months, when he stopped and commenced cock-fighting. Now, cock-fighting made the place all astir, people coming from great distances with their cocks to pitch against each other. From the sea shore and from the interior cocks in twenties were brought to be slain, and many people thereby obtained money. Again, after a certain time, he tired of this sport, and took to buying ducks by the twenty, and let them out into the sea in front of his house, when he hounded on two dogs, which were very fierce, to catch them; this seemed to afford him pleasure of a sort, and many people went to see this. And what ducks the dogs could not catch he covered with his gun; firing at them with ball cartridge till they all were killed,-half being torn by the dogs, half being shot. This set him jumping with delight. A few days after this he bought wild pigeons, and when he was standing ready with his gun, he ordered his men to let them loose, one by one, for him to fire at; thus some were struck and fell dead, others flew away. Again, he bought a number of apes and let them to the top of an arsenna tree in front of his house, and shot them dead. Thus it was with this scamp of a gentleman; there was not a day that passed without some mischief or wickedness, which I need not detail, which fell on the lives of poor brute beasts or the sorenesses of mankind. Thus one cannot know how much money he squandered amongst minions. And as long as he lived in that house not a single woman dare walk in the vicinity for fear of his disorderly conduct. Now, I was the more astonished at this, as Colonel Farquhar was Governor of Malacca at that time; but notwithstanding he glossed over this man's faults, though such things are considered debased by other

races; for to their idea it was the habit of the English, and especially of the high bred: as says the Malay proverb, One buffalo under the mire makes all buffalos in the mire.'

Now, all these doings were remembered by the people for long, by one relating them to another, and even from one district to another."

By way of contrast Abdulla immediately gives us an account of a bad officer, whom he mentions by name, but which now cannot be of importance to any one to know. He seems to have been one of those ordinary characters whose tendency was to go down in the scale of civilization rather than to rise. His amusements no doubt were consistent with the age, sixty years ago, but whose respectability even then was on the wane. He evidently was a purely sporting character, and after all there may not have been much bad in him. A good winter campaign would have been the very thing for him, -here, in the genial climate of Malacca, his energy ran to weeds. After all, it is amusing to see Abdulla so morally indignant at a white gentleman's doings, while he sees nothing immoral in the general possession of human slaves by his countrymen. So little do we see our own faults when we are all alive to the faults of others. In Malacca, at that time, slaves were held who had been torn from their mother's breasts: husbands, wives, sons, and daughters had been separated to minister to the ease of his neighbours; yet to shoot an ape was a "most outrageous proceeding and an egregrious impropriety."

Connected with our own "social evils" in England and

her colonies, we could point out many inconsistencies equally glaring, but the reader's own sense will detect them, in their various phases, as they come across his experience.

VII.

MR., AFTERWARDS SIR T. STAMFORD RAFFLES.

"A FEW days after this the news came that the English intended to attack Java, and it was about two or three months from the arrival of such a rumour, that Mr. Raffles (afterwards Sir Stamford Raffles) unexpectedly arrived with his wife, accompanied by an English clerk called Mr. Merlin, also a Malay writer called Ibrahim, a country-born Kling of Pulo Penang. So Mr. Raffles stayed at Malacca at the Banda Iliar quarter, in the plantation of the Capitan China, named Baba Changlang, and he brought with him numerous European goods, such as boxes of guns and pistols, satin cloth of great value, and prints with plain flowers, and many implements of which I had never seen the like. Also woollen cloth of soft texture, with clocks and watches, and paper for writing letters thereon to Malay princes, on which were printed flowers of gold and silver, besides many articles intended as presents to them. Then on a certain day came the writer called Ibrahim, to tell of the intention of Mr. Raffles, as to his engaging another; also that he desired to buy Malay writings with histories of former times, and to ask those who had them to bring them to his house.

Now, at that time there was my uncle, whose name was Ismail Libbey, who had a most beautiful hand,