watch in their respective quarters, with lamps burning at their doors. The people in the suburbs also flocked into the town, bringing their goods and chattels, a few only remaining outside. In the town itself nothing was to be seen but people repairing weapons, or blacksmith's shops crowded for this purpose. There were also twenties of shops for grinding, and charcoal dealers almost everywhere. Moreover, at the time I arrived at Malacca there were many officers and sepoys, with cannons and muskets, with hundreds of followers, going to fight the Nanningites; and three days after the expedition had gone the Malakites were in great tribulation, as on the morrow Mr. Lewis escaped home, only saving his life. Now, also, all the officers and sepoys ran back to Malacca, they having engaged the natives of the interior, losing all their cannons, muskets, Company's tents, gunpowder, shot and implements, which were left behind. All these had fallen into the hands of the interior natives, by the grace of God who knoweth.

Now, to my notion, when people hear all the stories about the war of the English with the Pengulu of Nanning, they will of course wish to know the origin of this native chief-who he was, and the cause of the war. On this account I will do my best endeavour to give the details of his history, his doings from beginning to end, truthfully, as set forth below in this page.

THIS COMPRISES THE ORIGIN OF THE PENGULU OF NANNING.

Know, then, the origin of the Pengulu of Nanning, in the district of Nanning, begins at the time of the Dutch taking Malacca from the hands of the Portuguese; for before that there was no Pengulu in Nanning, but instead thereof there were four Sukus, who governed in the times of the Portuguese. But from the year when a governor called Penteus (?) held Malacca, three

commissioners were ordered to go to Nanning, to instal a Pengulu (chief). The names of these were Messrs. Sahas (?), Maddeus (?), and Fernis Gofinieru (?). And when these had arrived in Nanning, they proclaimed to the people that they had come, by order of the Governor of Malacca, to instal a chief (or Pengulu), and that they, the people, were now desired to select one from amongst themselves, and to make their choice

known.

So all the old and young men gathered together and chose Dato Sarajah Mara, of the tribe Beduanda, to be Pengulu; whereupon the commissioners acknowledged him chief. This was the origin, his tribe being Beduanda, in Nanning. So they returned to Malacca, when the Governor gave him a seal as a token; and under this he had charge of Nanning for many years, when he died. He was succeeded by his nephew on the female side. This was the second Pengulu, he also being designated Sarajah Mara, of the tribe of Beduanda; but at the time of his charge the captain of the Malays in Malacca was Dato Arum. And there was one, by name Ganit de Langit, who carried off a concubine of the Sultan of Johore, and took her to Moar. On this the Sultan of Johore sent a letter with imprecations to the captain of the Malays above-named, at Malacca, to make away with him. So Dato Arum called Joamagit, and asked him if he could undertake to kill Ganit de Langit. Joamagit replied with obeisance, 'Your slave will undertake to kill him, but I beg to have a weapon given me for the purpose.' So the captain gave him a kris. So he went and killed Ganit de Langit; and after he was dead, the woman was sent back to the Sultan of Johore, who invested Joamagit with a sword, a slave, a coat, and an ure, and he accepted these marks of favour.

The Pengulu of Nanning at this time was old, and his

memory defective, when Dato Arum went to the Governor of Malacca, whose name was Elam Pashani (?), in the year of the Hejira 1118, i.e. A.D. 1702, asking that Joamagit be made Pengulu of Nanning. The Governor assented to this, having the concurrence of the present Pengulu. Joamagit was therefore invested with the name of Saraja Mara. This was the third, being of the Samalangang tribe. After he had been in charge of Nanning some time, he died, and was succeeded by his nephew on the female side, called Gagah. He, again, after he had charge of Nanning for some time, being the fourth, also died. He was then succeeded by his nephew on the female side, called Mulana Karang. This was the fifth Pengulu of Nanning, his tribe being the Samalangang, the third, and he died. He was succeeded by his nephew on the female side, by name Janggut; this was the sixth Pengulu, and of the same tribe the fourth, and he died. He was succeeded by his nephew on the female side, by name Tambah; this was the seventh, the fifth of the Samalangang tribe, and he died. He was succeeded by his nephew on the female side, by name Unuk; he was the eighth, the sixth of the latter tribe, and he died in the year of the Hejira And he was succeeded by a relative on the female side called Dul Syed; he it was who was installed by Colonel Taylor, an English Governor of Malacca. And the captain of Malays at that time in Malacca was Inchi Mabub. Dul Syed was the ninth Pengulu of Nanning, and the seventh of the Samalangang tribe; he was in charge in the year of the Hejira 1247 (A.D. 1831), and it was he who rebelled against the English Government on account of the revenue payable by Nanning.

It had been the custom from all former times for Nanning to pay the revenue in Malacca annually, either in unhusked rice, or fowls, or ducks, or fruit, and such like,

-that is, these were sent to the house of the Governor in Malacca. But at the year above given, the East India Company desired that over all the produce of Nanning and its bounds the Pengulu should pay one-tenth, which he thought to be too heavy. Further, as the former system was established by inherited custom from his ancestors, he would not follow the new desire of the Government. On this account the Company attacked him, till numbers of officers, sepoys, and subjects were killed on either side. The war lasted for more than a year. The commencement of the fighting was in the year of the Hejira 1248 (A.D. 1832), when he was defeated, when he betook himself to Padang Passir.

The sub-Governor of Malacca at that time was Mr. Samuel Garling, and the Governor of the three settlements, Mr. Bonham. These gentlemen then went to Nanning and created fifteen Pengulus :-First, Pengulu Ikan Limak, of the Belala Munja tribe; second, Pengulu Peku, of the Mamat tribe at Batu Balang; third, Pengulu Malkiniak, of the Mulana Sultan tribe at Butu Ballang; fourth, Pengulu Taboh, of the Safor tribe at Samalangang; fifth, Pengulu Landu, of the Kemass tribe at Tiga Batu; sixth, Pengulu Ayer Pak Amas, of the Dul tribe, a Malacca man; seventh, Pengulu Briu, of the Aludin tribe, a Malacca man; eighth, Pengulu Sungei Siput, of the Laut tribe at Samalangang; ninth, Pengulu Padang Sabang, of the Guro tribe at Tiga Naik; tenth, Pengulu Tanjing Rimau, of the Langav tribe at Tiga Batu; eleventh, Pengulu Pulo, of the Talib tribe at Mengkal; twelfth, Pengulu Kamoning, of the Odin tribe at Samalangang; thirteenth, Pengulu Bating Malacca, of the Kojeh tribe at Mengkal; fourteenth,

fifteenth, Pengulu Tabong, of the Dul Kanji tribe at Beduanda. After they had created all these Pengulus,

then the elders of the four Sukers of equal authority were:-First, Dato Membangun tribe at Tigu Batu; second, Andik Maharaja tribe of Malacca; third, Raja Nangui tribe at Samalangang; fourth, Orang Kia Kichi tribe at Mengal. All these were divided by Mr. Bonham.* After this, on the 1st November,

the country of Nanning was put under the charge of Mr. Berchi Westerhout, to rule the same, when he proceeded to the district. Then on the 4th of February following, by the will of God, Dul Syed came and gave himself up to Mr. Berchi, who brought him to Mr. Samuel Garling in Malacca, at which place he was appointed to remain a state prisoner on parole, he getting a monthly allowance of thirty † sicca rupees, where he remains to this day engaged in making a garden at Gaja Bring. Thus he was settled finally, with his wife and children.

After I had seen all these things and the different races of men engaged in them, some coming from Bengal, others from Madras, in various dresses; some kneeling to fire, others lying prostrate to do so; others going to battle disguised as buffaloes,-there also came a ship loaded with hundreds of oxen with long horns, of such a height as I had never seen before, nor had any of the Malacca people. The purpose of these was to draw cannon and warlike material. They astonished us so much that even all the children cried out as they were passing, 'Oh, the long-horned bullocks!'

But the story of the Nanning war is a long one, so. I only give the heads of it, and there is no necessity for me to compose it, insomuch as I have shown its origin and cause. It was a great affair, and no doubt known to most * Afterwards Sir Samuel Bonham, Bart. + Mr. Blundell says 100 Rs.