long and perilous march. They spent their first night in an inlet in the ice. Sometimes they would sail through creeks of water for many hours; then would follow days of weary tracking through alternate ice and water. During a violent سمجھ teen hundred miles! Meanwhile, so great was the anxiety felt for the safety of the expedition at home, on account of the long period of time that elapsed without any tidings of them coming to hand, that the United States government dispatched two vessels under command of Captain Hartstene, to their relief, in the spring of 1855; this expedition penetrated as far as 78° 32', beyond which progress was found impossible. On returning, they had the good fortune to find Doctor Kane and his party on the Greenland coast, and arrived home with them in October. The death of two of his men, Baker and Schubert, was to Doctor Kane the saddest fact in the history of the expedition. Although Doctor Kane's expedition failed to accomplish its chief purpose, it was not without important results in I. Kane the interests of geographical science, as storm, they dragged the boats upon a narrow shelf of ice, and found themselves. within a cave which myriads of eider had made their breeding ground. They remained three days in this crystal retreat, and gathered three thousand eggs. On the eleventh of June, they doubled Cape Dudley Digges, and spent a week at Providence Halt, luxuriating on a dish composed of birds sweeter and juicier than canvasbacks, and a salad made of raw eggs and cochlearia. The keen relish with which the party ate of these unexpected dainties. may be judged of, when it is considered that, in arranging for their fare, before starting, provision-bags were made of sailcloth rendered impervious by coats of tar— into these the bread was pressed by beating it to powder with a capstan-bar; and the tallow and pork fat were melted down and poured into other bags to freeze. For eighty-four days, the party continued to travel with their boats and sledges, enduring great privations and narrowly escaping with their lives, until, on the ninth of August, 1855, they reached Upernavik, a north Danish settlement in Greenland, having traveled, in the open air, thir related to that mysterious and wonderful region-the Arctic. These results, as enumerated by Doctor Kane, were, in brief, as follows: First, the survey and delineation of the north coast of Greenland, to its termination by a great glacier. Second, the survey of this glacial mass, and its extension northward into the new land named Washington. Third, the discovery of a large channel to the north-west, free from ice, and leading into an open and expanding area equally free. Fourth, the whole embraces an iceless area of four thousand two hundred miles. Fifth, the discovery and delineation of a large tract of land, forming the extension northward of the American continent. Sixth, the completed survey of the American coast to the south and west as far as Cape Sabine, thus connecting the survey with the last determined position of Captain Inglefield, and completing the circuit of the straits and bay heretofore known at their southernmost opening as Smith Sound. To the above gratifying summary of the laboriously earned results of the expedition, is to be added another honorable item, namely, that it carried the stars and stripes of the young republic further north than any other flag had ever been borne. But this, together with the other chronicles and reminiscences of the expedition are related in full by its historian, Doctor Kane, a deeply interesting work, far exceeding in thrilling incident the works of Defoe and Riley, and possessing like the narratives of Wilkes, Featherstonaugh, Brackenridge, Marcy, Parker, Hayes, Hall, etc., a permanent value. This work, completed by Doctor Kane only a short time preceding his early and lamented demise, is appropriately dedicated "To HENRY GRINNELL, the Author, and Advocate, and Patron of the United States Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin.' One of the most heroic journeys of exploration, undertaken in connection with. Doctor Kane's great expedition, was that headed by Dr. Isaac J. Hayes, who, with eight adventurous companions, were absent from the Advance from August to December, 1854. As related by that accomplished traveler and man of science, in his them included more than a thousand miles of ice and water. For the first eight days, the party were occupied in dragging their boat-a whale-boat, twenty-four feet long. and five and a half feet beam-from the brig to the open water, a distance of about fifteen miles. Having reached the open water, they set out upon their dangerous navigation. On the second day, they ran into the pack, a dangerous position even for full-sized ships; their only resource to drag the boat and its cargo on to the largest floe they could find, and wait until it was imbedded in a field of ice which was likely, for a time at least, to remain moderately steady. Whilst entangled in the pack, they approached the place where Doctor Kane had left an iron life-boat on his passage out. Three of the party, of whom Doctor Hayes was one, set off across the ice to reach the life-boat, and having found it in a little cove on a small island, passed a most dreary night there, Doctor Hayes and one of the men running up and down all night long to avoid freezing. beset them at every step. For example, on one occasion, whilst the rest of the party were sleeping, one of them was deputed to cook in a small tent erected for the purpose. The cooking apparatus consisted of a lamp over which a kettle was boiled. The party had tasted nothing for eighteen hours, and it took no less than six more to prepare a stew of fox and sea-gull, for the lamp was constantly blown out just as the pot was beginning to boil, and before it could be. relighted-which operation with damp tinder and a flint and steel once occupied half an hour-the stew was frozen over. The prospects of Doctor Hayes's party, when their hopes of getting further south were finally abandoned, were excessively gloomy. They had the winter before them, and their provisions and fuel were barely sufficient for two weeks; whilst the fuel, though capable of cooking their food and melting the ice for water, was not sufficient to warm the men themselves. Their first necessity was to provide themselves with some sort of shelter, and the only one which they could procure was a kind of hut, of which two rocks formed two sides, and the other sides were made of walls of stones, the crevices being stuffed with moss and sand, both of which had to be obtained from under the snow, by shoveling with a tin dinner-plate. It was the work of some weeks. But there was now only a scanty allowance of food, and the party grew thin and weak. They succeeded in trapping two or three foxes, and they were obliged to eke out their small stock of provisions by eating rock lichen. The only additional resource which the party had to look to was that of occasionally obtaining provisions from the Esquimaux who casually visited them, and sometimes sold them lumps of walrus meat, or seafowls, in return for pieces of wood. By degrees, however, the savages came to understand their true position. They saw that the white men were starving, and that upon their death their property would be left behind them without the necessity for any purchase. They, therefore, refused to sell any dogs, or to undertake, though pressed to do so, to convey the party in dog-sledges either to Doctor Kane or to Upernavik. This state of things at last became unbearable, and Doctor Hayes, with characteristic courage, determined on a desperate effort to save the lives of himself and his companions. Having with great difficulty procured some dogs and contrived a sledge, they set out, but after a journey of a few miles, most of them were so exhausted, that they could progress no farther. On returning, two of the party, after a short rest, set out again, and reached the vessel in safety. The remainder staid behind, in hopes of their return, but soon after a large party of Esquimaux with several sledges and teams of dogs came to visit them, and again refused either to sell or to lend the means of conveyance. The opportunity which this visit offered could not, however, be neglected. They were coaxed into good humor by jokes and presents, and a pot of soup was prepared for them, into which Doctor Hayes emptied a vial of laudanum. Whilst they were asleep, the party went out, loaded the sledges, harnessed the dogs, and set off at full gallop towards the brig! The dogs, however, being but little better than wolves, were very wild and extremely restive, so that one team fairly broke loose, and carried the sledge back to the hut. The others, however, passed over a considerable part of the journey towards the brig before the Esquimaux recovered from the effects of the laudanum and pursued them. At last, however, they were overtaken! Thereupon, relying on their guns, and on the influence which their moral and intellectual power confers upon civilized men, Doctor Hayes and his party declared that they must and would return to the brig, and that the Esquimaux must take them. Ultimately they succeeded; and, after a frightful journey, during which they traveled one hundred and fifty miles in forty hours in a temperature of forty-eight degrees below zero, they reached the brig in safety. The Esquimaux were well rewarded for their services, and went back in high spirits. LXIII. BRILLIANT MUSICAL TOUR OF JENNY LIND, THE "SWEDISH NIGHTINGALE."-1850. This Queen of Song Comes under the Auspices of Mr. Barnum.-Twenty Thousand Persons Welcome Her Arrival.-Transcendent Beauty and Power of Her Voice.-A Whole Continent Enraptured With Her Enchanting Melodies.-Pleasant Exhilaration of Feeling Throughout the Land by the Presence of the Fair Nightingale.-Honors from Webster, Clay, and Other Dignitaries.-Her Praises Fill the Wide World.—The Vocal Prodigy of the Age.—In Opera, 'The Daughter of the Regiment.”—Bar. num's Happy Conception.-Proposes to Her this American Tour.-His Generous Terms Accepted.She Reaches New York.-Sunny and Joyous Outburst.-A Real "Jenny Lind" Era-First Concert at Castle Garden-Tempest of Acclamation.-Encores, Showers of Bouquets.-Public Expectation Exceeded -Jenny's Complete Triumph.-All the Receipts Given to Charity-Equal Enthusiasm Everywhere -Beautiful Incidents.-She is a Guest at the White House.-Henry Clay at Her Concert.—Webster and the Nightingale.-A Scene "Not Down on the Bills."-Ninety-Five Concerts Yield $700,000. "So soft, so clear, yet in so sweet a note, It seemed the music melted in her spirit." EALOUSLY watching, with a practiced professional eye, every opportu nity to cater to the ever-varying tastes of a pleasure-loving public, Mr. Barnum, the "prince of showmen," conceived the felicitous idea of inviting the renowned Swedish songstress, Jenny Lind, whose praise filled the wide world as that of a very divinity, to enter into an engagement with him to visit the United States, on a prolonged musical tour, under his managing auspices; and this enterprising design, the accomplished showman in due time brought successfully about,-its consummation forming one of the most brilliant, joyous and exhilarating episodes, viewed from whatever aspect, in the experience of the American nation,-an outburst of sunny excitement and delight, all over the land, at the presence of that transcendent musical genius, that wonderful vocal prodigy, of modern times. But before proceeding to the details of this splendid and triumphant tour, some account of the distinguished songstress, in respect to her fascinating personal history and previous public career, will be in place,-derived and condensed from authentic sources,―presenting, as it does, such peculiar points of interest. The "Swedish nightingale "-the "divine Jenny,"-as she came to be called, as her powers of song were developed, was born at Stockholm, in 1821, and her taste for music was indicated while yet in her third year. At nine or ten, her parents, who were in reduced circumstances, suffered her to go upon the stage, where her success in juvenile characters was astonishing. But when she had reached her twelfth year, after receiving instruction from some of the first music | voice; you have had a voice, and will lose masters, she lost her voice. Loving music for its own sake, the "nightingale" was bitterly afflicted at this calamity, the more especially as her voice had become a source of comfortable existence. At sixteen, however, it returned, to her infinite joy, under the following peculiar circumstances. At a concert, in which the fourth act of Meyerbeer's Robert le Diable had been announced, it was suddenly discovered that a singer to take the part of Alice was wanting. A short solo being all that Alice has to sing in this act, none of the professionals were found desirous of undertaking the character. So trifling a part, her teacher thought, would not be marred, even by Jenny Lind, and accordingly she was intrusted with the execution of the insignificant solo. As, from the most arid. spot in the desert, water, sparkling and fresh, will sometimes gush forth, so broke out, on this occasion, the rich fountain of song which had so long been latent in the humble and hitherto silent nightingale. Her voice returned with all its pristine sweetness, and with more than its early power, and the most overwhelming applause followed the unexpected discovery of this mine of melody. All doubt as to her lyrical excellence was now gone, and towards the winter of 1838, she made her first appearance on the stage as a singer, in the character of Agatha, in Der Frieschutz. Her exquisite singing, and her acting, abounding in point and originality, created a deep sensation; and she won new laurels by her representation of Alice, in the spring of 1839, and fully established her fame by her subsequent performance of Lucia, in. Lucia di Lammermoor. She afterwards visited Paris, to receive lessons from Garcia, the father and instructor of the ill-fated Madame Malibran, a vocalist who, like Jenny Lind, carried with her the hearts of her auditory. The reception which that eminent composer gave her was, at first, rather discouraging. After hearing her sing, he said— it; you have been singing too early or too much, and your voice is worn to ruin. I cannot instruct you I cannot give you any hope at present. Sing not a note for three months, and then see me again." This counsel she followed, and when she re-appeared before Garcia, he thought there was some hope of her, and gave her the instructions which she coveted; but it is remarkable that Garcia should never have had sufficient penetration to discover her innate genius. Soon after this, she made the acquaintance of Meyerbeer, whose discrimination was more searching. A rehearsal was given, with a full orchestra, at the grand opera, where the performance of Jenny Lind so gratified the composer, that he at once offered her an engagement at Berlin. At the close of 1842, she returned to Stockholm, where her popularity continued to increase. Her fame, however, extending beyond the limits of Sweden, she was induced to make a professional visit to Germany, where public opinion confirmed that high estimate of her abilities which had been sanctioned at home. But it was in England, that her success first touched the marvelous and sublime; and there it was, that the tribute appropriated by Shakespeare to one of his beautiful creations—" She sings like one immortal"--became fact, applied to the Swedish nightingale. Her Majesty's theater was the first arena of her triumphs in England, Queen Victoria, by her presence on the opening night, offering her a flattering and graceful tribute. On the evening of May fifth, she made her first essay before an English audience, in the character of Alice. The uproar excited by her appearance on this occasion was tremendous. The whole crowded mass displayed an astounding power of lungs, and hats and handkerchiefs waved from all parts. People came prepared to admire, but they admired beyond the extent of their preparation. The delicious quality of the performance-the rich, gushing notes, were "My dear young lady, you have no something entirely new and fresh. The : |