The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688-1697: The Operations in the Low CountriesThis is a description of how the Nine Years War affected the British Army, both in its actual operations in the theatre of war and in its size, operative capacity and costs. This war brought about radical changes in the sizes and the associated costs of the armies of Britain, France, Austria and the United Provinces in a relatively short period. For example, the size of field armies grew from an average of about 25,000 men during the Thirty Years' War to an average of about 100,000 men in 1695 during the Nine Years War. The costs of sustaining such huge field forces in terms of food, equipment and pay brought Britain and France, in particular, fiscal crisis and a shattered economy respectively, after the peace. |
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advance Allied army artillery attack August bastions battalions battle Beaurain Boufflers Brabant Brandenburg bridges brigadier Bruges Brussels camp campaign cannon Castañaga cavalry Charleroi citadel Coehoorn colonel commanded Courtrai covered CSPD D'Auvergne d'Humières defences Deynze Dinant Dixmuyde dragoons Duke Dunkirk Dutch army Elector of Bavaria Elector of Brandenburg Ellenburg enemy England English field Finch MSS fire Flanders flank foot forage forces fortifications fortress France French French army frontier Furnes garrison Ghent Grand Alliance Guards Hague horse infantry Ireland Japikse July June kilometres Liège lieutenant-general Lines London Louis XIV Low Countries Luxembourg Maastricht Machado and Pereira main army major major-general Meuse military Mons Moselle muskets Namur Nieuport operations Ostend Philippeville position raids ravelin regiments reinforce Rhine River Sambre Scheldt siege soldiers Spanish Netherlands squadrons Steenkirk town troops United Provinces Vauban Vaudemont villages Villeroi waggons Waldeck whilst William winter Württemberg