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STATE OF NEW YORK.

TOPOGRAPHICAL GEOGRAPHY.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF NEW YORK.

Square Miles, 45,658, (exclusive of the Lakes.) Population, 2,603,995.
Date of discovery, 1609.

Valuation in 1845, $605.646,095.

Boundaries. New York is bounded North by Lake Ontario, the river St. Lawrence and Canada; East by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut; South by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey and Pennsylvania; West by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie and the Niagara river.

Its extreme length from North to South is 310 miles; from East to West, including Long Island, 408 miles; exclusive of that island 340 miles. It extends from 40° 30′ to 45° North Latitude, and from 5° 05′ East to 2o 55′ West Longitude from Washington.

General Features. The Hudson and Mohawk rivers naturally divide the State into three sections, of unequal size.

The first comprises Long Island, and that portion of the State lying east of the Hudson river and Lake George. The second embraces all of the State lying north of the Mohawk and Oswego rivers; and the third and largest, the vast, fertile tract, south of those two rivers. These three sections may be called the Eastern, Northern and Southern.

The ranges of mountains of these different sections are numerous, and some of them quite elevated.

In the Eastern division, the Taghkanic range forms the eastern boundary of the state, from Lake Champlain to Putnam county. At this point it turns southwestward, and the Hudson forces a passage through it.

On the west side of the Hudson it assumes the name of the Kittating mountains, and continues its course, into New Jersey and Pennsylvania, under that name.

The Northern section, comprising that portion of the State lying north of the Mohawk and Oswego rivers, has six ranges of mountains running northeasterly.

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