in his name. Perhaps, too, the committee of thirty-six, chosen by the influence of Marcel, but presenting a majority of nobles and ecclesiastics, desired to strengthen the dauphin against the citizens of Paris. However, the fore he had time to utter a cry. provost, followed by a crowd of red and blue hoods, entered the dauphin's hotel, ascended t his very chamber, and sharply told him that he ought to put the affairs of the kingdom into o The ill-will of the burgesses had been in- der; that as, after all, this kingdom would be flamed to the utmost by the following tragical his, it was his business to secure it from the Occurrence. A money-changer, named Perrin bands which laid waste the country. The Macé, having sold two horses to the dauphin, dauphin, whose usual advisers, the marshals of and being unable to procure payment, arrested Champagne and of Normandy, were on either in the street Neuve-Saint-Merry the treasurer, side of him, answered more boldly than wy Jean Baillet. The latter refused to pay; no his custom. "I would cheerfully do so, had I doubt advancing in excuse the right of prisage. the means; but he who enjoys the taxes and A dispute arose. Perrin slew Baillet, and profits, ought to take upon himself the defence sought refuge in the church of Saint-Jacques- of the kingdom as well.”* Some sharp words la-Boucherie. The dauphin's men, Robert de passed, and the provost broke out. My lord," Clermont, marshal of France, Jean de Châlons, he said, "be not surprised at what you are and Guillaume Staise, provost of Paris, hasten- about to witness; the thing must be done." ed to the spot, forced the asylum, dragged Per- Then, turning to the men in red hoods, he said. rin to the Châtelet, cut off his hand, and hanged "Do quickly what you are come for." On the him. The bishop loudly complained of this vio- word, they threw themselves on the marshal e lation of the right of sanctuary, had Perrin's Champagne, and slew him close to the dauphin's body delivered up, and gave it honorable burial bed. The marshal of Normandy they followed in the church of St. Merry. Marcel was pres-into a closet, into which he had betaken himent; while the dauphin followed Baillet to the grave.* Collision was imminent. To encourage the citizens by the sight of their numbers, Marcel made them wear blue and red hoods; these were the city colors. He wrote to the good cities to beg them to mount these distinctive signs. Amiens and Laon did not fail him. Few of the other towns complied so far. self, and put to death as well. The dauphin considered himself lost; the blood had spirted out upon his robe. All his officers had fled. "Save my life!" he cried to the provost. Marcel told him to fear nothing. He changed hoods with him, thus covering him with the city's colors, and all the day he wore boldly the dauphin's hood. The people expected him at the Grève, and here he harangued them from Meanwhile, from the ravages committed in a window, maintaining that those who had been the country, the peasantry crowded into Paris put to death were traitors, and asking the peoin such numbers as sensibly to diminish the ple whether they would support him. Numsupply of food and raise its price. The citi-bers cried out, that they avouched all he had zens, who had their little properties in the Isle done, and pledged themselves to him for life of France, from which they drew their eggs, and for death. butter, cheese, poultry, and a thousand agreea- Marcel returned to the palace with a crowd bilities, found this source of comforts fail; and of armed men, whom he left in the court-yard. thought it exceedingly hard. On the 22d of He found the dauphin, grief and terror-struck. February, the dauphin issued a new ordinance" Distress not yourself, my lord," said the profor a fresh alteration of the coin. On the next day, the provost of the merchants mustered all the trades in arms at St. Eloi's. About nine o'clock, this armed mob recognised in the street one of the dauphin's counsellors, advocate to the parliament, master Regnault Dacy, who was returning from the palace to his own house, near Saint-Landry's. They began running after him. He fled into a pastry-cook's, and was there killed outright be *Matt. Villani, 1. viii. c. 29, p. 484. "In the first week of January, those of Paris ordered them all to wear hoods, one half red, the other blue." MS. Besides these hoods, the provost's partisans wore silver clasps, of red and blue enamel, with the motto 'à bonne fin,' (to a happy issue,) in sign of agreement to live and die with the said provost against all men. Lettres d'Abolition du 10 Août, 1358. Sécousse, ibid. p. 163. "Grieved and marvelling hereat, because the evil was not remedied by the regent and the barons about him, the provost of the merchants and the citizens often besought the dauphin.. Who gave them fair words, but Nay, both then and afterwards, the barons appeared to deight in the increasing woes and afflictions of the people." Min. G. de Nangis, p. 116. vost to him; "that which has been done, has been done to avoid greater danger, and by the will of the people." And he besought him to give his approval to the whole. The dauphin had, perforce, to approve of the whole, in default of being able to do better. He found himself compelled also to give a gracious reception to the king of Navarre, who returned four days afterwards. Marcel and Lecoq reconciled them, will ye, nil ye, and made them dine together every day. This monarch's return, only four days after the murder of the dauphin's counsellors, gave but too clear a clue to the whole tragedy. He could return: Marcel had made room for him *Froiss. iii. p. 288, ed. Buchon. †Tunc dirigens verba illis sic capuciatis dixit: "E breviter facite hoc propter quod huc venistis." Contin. G de Nangis, p. 117. Froiss. iii. p. 288, ed. Buchon. "They gave him a hood to wear, and covenanted that he would pardon the slaying of his three knights." Ibid. Chronique de Saint-Denys, ii. fol. 244. the death of his enemies, and had given him fearful pledge which bound him to him for er. It was evident that all was over between arcel and the dauphin. The crime had probly been forced on the provost* by Charles-Mauvais, who was no stranger to murders. arcel thus in his power, it was for Charles to lculate what he would do with him, and hether it would be more to his interest to -et or to sell him. Marcel supposed that he had gained the king Navarre for ever; and he lost the States. hat is to say, the law, which he had violated y a crime, was no longer with him. Those puties of the nobility who still remained in aris, quitted it without waiting for the closing E the session. Several, even of the commisoners of the States, associated with the dauin in the government during the intervals of e sessions, left their posts and abandoned Marcel. Not discouraged, he appointed buresses of Paris to the vacant places.† Paris ok upon herself the government of France: at France would not endure it. Picardy, which had entered so heartily into he release of the king of Navarre, took the ead in refusing to send up the produce of the xes to Paris. The States of Champagne et, and Marcel was unable to hinder the dauhin from attending. From this time, his doom was sealed. The royal authority only wanted hold, to resume every thing. Marcel's agents ccompanied the dauphin, and, at first, he dared ot say a word against what had taken place in Paris. But the nobles of Champagne did not ail to raise their voices. The count of Braine out the question to him, whether the marshals -f Champagne and of Normandy had deserved eath. The dauphin replied, that they had ever served him well and loyally. This scene vas repeated at Compiegne, (at the meeting of he States of the Vermandois ;) to which city he dauphin, altogether reassured, took it on imself to transfer the meeting of the States of he Langue d'Oil, which had been summoned to assemble the 1st of May at Paris. Few eputies attended however, as far as it went, 1 was a manifestation of the kingdom against Paris. The States did homage to the reforms of the great reforming ordinance, by adopting the "Would it had never been done-and this the provost himself owned in my hearing, and that of many others." Contin. G. de Nangis, p. 116. "Now I tell you that the nobles of the kingdom of France, and the prelates of the Holy Church, began to tire of attending to the three estates, and left the provost of the merchants and some of the Paris burgesses to meet by themselves." Froiss. iii. c. 382, p. 287, ed. Buchon. Conf. Matt. Villani, I. viii. c. 38, p. 492. Sécousse, i. pp. 140-1. "Requiring him to put the principals in the business to death, or if he could not... manfully to attack the state, and so long called city of Paris, (expugnaret viriliter civitatem et tam diu dictam urbem Parisiensem) .... and to distress it by cutting off its supplies." Contin. G. de Nangis, p. 117. Sécousse, Préf. Ord. iii. p. 79. The Jacquerie. 445 greater number of its articles. The aid which they voted was to be collected by the respective deputies. Marcel was alarmed at this affectation of popularity; and got the university to implore the dauphin to spare the good city but peace was no longer possible. The prince insisted on ten or twelve of the chief offenders being given up to him; then, lowered his demands to five or six, pledging himself that he would not put them to death.* Marcel would not trust to this. He at once completed the walls of Paris, without sparing the houses of the monks which stood in the way. He took possession of the tower of the Louvre, and sent to Avignon to hire troops of brigands.‡ The battle was about to begin between the nobles and the commons, and both parties were already eyeing each other, when a third arose which no one had dreamed of. The sufferings of the peasant had exceeded endurance: all had rained blows upon him, as on a brute that has fallen down under its load. The brute, maddened, recovered its legs, and bit. THE JACQUERIE. In this chivalrous war, which the French and English barons waged on each other in all courtesy, there was, as we have already observed, in reality but one enemy, but one victim of the calamities of war-the peasant. Before the war, he had been drained to equip the barons magnificently, to pay for those beautiful arms, those embroidered escutcheons, those rich banners which were after all taken at Crécy and Poitiers. And then who paid the ransom ?— still the peasant. The prisoners, released on parole, came to their domains, and quickly raised the monstrous sums which they had promised, without any bargaining, on the field of battle. It did not take long * Non intendens eorum mortem. Contin. G. de Nangis, p. 117. † Ibidem, pp. 117, 118. On continuing these labors, the foundations of towers were met with, which were considered to have been the work of the Saracens. Here, according to ancient chronicles, there had formerly been a camp, named Altum-Folium, (rue Haute-Feuille High Leaf-street,"rue Pierre Sarrasin -" Peter Moor-street.") Ibid. Jean Donati left on the 8th of May, 1358, for Avignon, the bearer of 2000 gold agnuses from Marcel to Pierre Maloisel, whom Marcel instructed to buy brigands, and purchase arms.-Marcel, according to Froissart, maintained in Paris a great number of men-at-arms, of Navarrese and English soldiers, archers, and other companions. Sécousse, p. 224-8. (The agnus, or mouton d'or, was a coin on which was impressed the figure of a lamb, with this inscription, "Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi, miserere nobis""Lamb of God, that takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us." On the reverse was a cross, with these words, "Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus imperat" -Christ conquers, Christ reigns, Christ commands.-From the impression of the lamb, which the vulgar took for a sheep, the coin was commonly called moutons, in Latin muttones-" muttons." See Ducange.)-TRANSLATOR. The knights and squires ransomed them with all courtesy, either for money, coursers, or hackneys; or, if a poor gentleman had no means, they would take his services for a quarter of a year, or for two or three." Froissart, iii. p. 333, ed. Buchon. 446 none. Oppression of the pensantry, THE JACQUERIE. Character of the lenders of A. B. to make an inventory of the peasant's property | The king of Navarre's brother went about -meager cattle, wretched harness, plough, cart, plundering, just like the rest. In the passes and some iron tools. Household goods, he had which they sold to the merchants who supplied 1 He had no stock, save a small quantity the towns, they expressly excepted military of seed-corn. These things taken and sold, equipments, and other things considered the what remained for the lord to lay his hands exclusive use of the nobles" beaver hats, osupon the poor devil's body, his skin. Some- trich feathers, and sword-blades." thing more was tried to be squeezed out of him. The knights of the fourteenth century felt a The boor must have some secret store in a very different call from that of the knights of hiding-place. To make him discover it, they romance-their vocation was to crush the did not spare his carcass: his feet were warm-weak. The sire d'Aubrécicourt robbed and ed for him. At any rate, they had no mercy on the fire and iron. killed at random to deserve well of his lady, Isabelle de Juliers, niece of the king of England, "for he was young, and desperately in love." He made up his mind to become, at the least, count of Champagne † The fallen condition of the monarchy awoke the most extravagant hopes in these plunderers. Their only thought was to take, by force or strata Few castles remain. Richelieu's edicts and the destroyers of the Revolution did their work too well. Even still, however, as we pass under the walls of Taillebourg or of Tancarville, when in the heart of the Ardennes, in the defile of Montcornet, we look up and see hanging over our heads the small, sinister case-gem, some well-guarded castle. The government which seems to eye our steps, our heart is conscious of a pang, and we feel a reflex of the sufferings of those who, for so many ages, languished at the feet of those towers. No need to have read old histories to feel this. The souls of our fathers still vibrate within us for forgotten griefs, almost as the maimed feels the throbbing of the limb which he has lost. rese. ors of the strongholds conceived themselves freed from their oaths. No more king, no more faith. They sold or exchanged their for tresses and garrisons.‡ After so many years' submission to their kings, the barons delighted in this life of misrule and adventure. They were like schoolboys on a holiday, who go to play as if it were the business of life. Their historian, Froissart, is never tired of telling their marvellous haps. His feelings go with these marauders, and he bounds with joy at their good fortune :-" And the poor brigands were ever gaining,") &c. Nowhere does he seem to doubt of their honor and good faith; nay, scarcely to have a doubt of their salvation.|| *Froissart, iii. c. 396, p. 334, ed. Buchon. Id. ibid. c. 418, p. 399. "Poor rogues took advantage of such times, and robbed both towns and castles; so that some of them, becoming rich, constituted themselves captains of bands of thieves: there were among them those worth forty thousand crowns. Their method was, to mark out particular towns or castles, twenty or thirty robbers, and, travelling through by-roads a day or two's journey from each other; they then collected in the night-time, entered the town or castle they had fixed When the inhabitants perceived it, they thought it had been When ruined by his lord, the peasant was not yet done with. Such was the atrocious character of these wars of the English: while they held the kingdom at large to ransom, they plundered it in detail. Free companions sprang up in every direction, styled English or NavarGriffith, a Welshman, laid waste the whole country between the Seine and the Loire Knolles, an Englishman, ravaged Normandy. The first sacked to his own share Montargis, Etampes, Arpajon, Monthléry, in all more than fifteen cities or large burghs. In another direction, Audley, an Englishman, or the Germans Albrecht and Frank Hennekin, carried on the work of spoliation. One of these leaders of free companies, Arnaud de Cervoles, surnamed the archpriest, because, though a layman, he really owned an arch-upon about day-break, and set one of the houses on fire. priesthood, turned his back on the despoiled provinces, traversed the whole of France, and pushed on to Provence, sacking Salon and St. Maximin, by way of making Avignon fear her turn was next. The trembling pope invited the brigand, received him as if he were a son of France, made him dine with him, and gave him forty thousand crowns, and absolution into the bargain. This did not prevent Cervoles, on quitting Avignon, from pillaging Aix; whence he proceeded into Burgundy, to do the same.† a body of forces sent to destroy them, and took to their heels as fast as they could. The town of Donzere was treated in this manner; and many other towns and castles were taken, and afterwards ransomed. Among other robbers in Languedoc, one had marked out the strong castle of Cobourne in Limousin, which is situated in a very strong country. He set off in the night-time with thirty companions, took and destroyed it. He seized also the lord of Cobourne, whom he imprisoned in his own castle, and put all his household to death. He kept him in prison until he ransomed himself for twenty-four thousand crowns paid down The robber kept possession of the castle and its dependencies, which he furnished with provisions, and thence made war upon all the country round about. The king of France, shortly afterwards, was desirous of having him near his person: he purchased the castle of him for twenty thou sand crowns, appointed him his usher-at-arms, and heaped on him many other honors. The name of this robber was Bacon, and he was always mounted on handsome horses of barons.earl, and very richly armed; and this state he maintained a deep roan color, or on large palfreys, apparelled like an as long as he lived." Froissart, b. i. c. 147. The leaders of these bands were not, as might be supposed, upstarts, mere men-atarms, but of noble birth, and often great * Froissart, b. i. c. 176. + Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, called him his p." Froissart styles him, “My lord,” iv. c. 495, p. 222, hon. Croquart's horse stumbled, and broke his master's neck. I know not what became of his money, or who had his soul; but I know that such was the end of Croquart.” Fruiss. iii. p. 483, ed. Buchon. 3. Jacques Bonhomme takes THE JACQUERIE. The nobles unite against 447 The peas folk, and forcing them to the wars. So great was the alarm at Paris, that the izens had vowed to our Lady a taper as long, was said, as the city tower was high.* They t off ringing the church bells, except at curw time, for fear the sentinels on the walls ould suppose the enemy was upon them. That must not the terror have been in the untry! The peasants no longer slept. They no lived on the banks of the Loire passed hole nights in the islands, or in boats moored the centre of the stream. In Picardy, the righted inhabitants dug hiding-places for emselves in the ground. Between Peronne d the mouth of the Somme, thirty of these ves might still be seen in the last century.† nter them, and you understood the horror of ose days. They were long, arched passages, om seven to eight feet wide, with from twento thirty recesses or rooms at the sides, and Yet were they not so savage as not to march well in the centre, for the sake of both air with a kind of order, under banners, and led d water. Round the well, were large re- by a captain chosen from among themselves, sses for the cattle. The care and solidity a crafty peasant, called Guillaume Callet.‡ servable in the construction of these caves, "These bands consisted mostly of the meaner ove them to have been the ordinary dwelling- sort, with a few rich burgesses, and others."§ aces of the wretched population of that day." When they were asked," says Froissart, "for ere, families huddled together on the approach what reason they acted so wickedly, they rethe enemy; and here the women and chil- plied, they knew not, but they did so because en wasted away for whole weeks and months, they saw others do it; and they thought by hile the men timidly stole to the steeple to see this means they should destroy all the nobles the men of war had left the country. and gentlemen in the world."|| But they did not always leave it soon enough r the poor inhabitants to sow, or gather in e harvest. In vain did they hide themselves der ground. Famine reached them there. the Brie and the Beauvoisis, above all, the hole land was left bare. Every thing was oiled, or destroyed. Provisions were to be ad in the castles alone. The peasants, madened with hunger and misery, forced them, d cut the throats of the barons. The latter had never dreamed of such a eight of daring. How often had they laughed hen seeking to arm these simple and docile Jacques Bonhomme will pay off his lord centuries of arrears. His vengeance was that of the despairing, of the damned. God seemed to have sickened him of this world. . . . Not only did the peasants butcher their lords, but they tried to exterminate the families of their lords, murdering their heirs, and slaying their honor, by violating their ladies. And then would these savages trick out themselves and their wives in rich habiliments, and bedeck themselves with glittering, but bloody spoils. * Chroniques de Saint-Denys, 237, Vo, col. 2. These caves appear to have been dug at the time of the Orman invasions. They were probably enlarged from age age. Part of the territory of Santerre, in which there ere three of these caves, was called Territorium Sancte berationis, (The Territory of Holy Refuge.) Paper by the be Lebœuf in the Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscript., t. xxvii. 179. pro "The kingdom was so full of the Navarrese, they were asters of all the flat countries, the rivers, and the princitowns and cities. This caused such a scarcity of ions in France, that a small cask of herrings was sold for irty golden crowns, and every thing else in proportion. any of the poor died with hunger. This famine lasted ore than four years." Froissart, b. i. c. 190. The churchmen themselves were great sufferers: "Numrs of abbots, monks, and abbesses, reduced to poverty, ere compelled to repair to Paris and other places away om home. Then might you see those who had been accusmed to travel with a troop of well-mounted men-at-arms. ntent themselves now with a single servant on foot, and aring diet." Contin. G. de Nangis, ii. 122.-Want, and e insults of the marauders, often inspired the churchmen ith extraordinary courage. On one occasion, we find the non de Robesart bearing down three Navarrese on his st charge with his lance. After this, he did wonders with s axe. The bishop of Noyon kept up a fierce war on these igands. Froiss. li. p. 353, ed. Buchon. Sécousse, i. .340, 341. Therefore, the great and the noble all declared against them, without distinction of party. Charles-le-Mauvais flattered them, invited their principal leaders;¶ and while pretending to treat with them, put them to the sword. Their king, Jacques, he crowned with an iron tripod, heated red-hot.** He afterwards surprised them near Montdidier, and slaughtered great numbers of them. The barons took heart, armed themselves, and began killing and burning throughout the country, right and left. †† *Contin. G. de Nangis. The other etymologies given are ridiculous. See Baluze, Pap. Aven. i. 333, &c. † Quærentes nobiles et eorum maneria cum uxoribus et Continuator of Nangis; Jacques Bonhomme, according both Chron. de St. Denys, ii. fol. 249. words.) Contin. G. de Nangis, p. 119. ** Vita Prima Innoc. VI. ap. Baluze, Pap. Aven. i. 334. 'Jacques Bonhomme, (Jack Goodman-Cease, cease, men-at-arms and footmen, plundering and eating up the good man, who has long been called Jack Goodman.) Is this stanza of any antiquity? For the complaints ir. Latin, see Mém. collection Petitot, t. v. p. 181. The Jacquerie was a favorable diversion, drawing off attention from the war against Paris, and Marcel was interested in keeping it up. But it was a hideous alliance, to seek support from wild beasts. The commons hesitated. Senlis and Meaux welcomed them. Amiens sent them a few men; who were soon recalled.* Marcel, who had taken advantage of their rising up to dismantle several fortresses round Paris, ventured to send them assistance to take the Marché de Meaux. He sent them, first, five hundred men under the provost of the mint; and then a reinforcement of three hundred under a grocer of Paris. The duchess of Orléans, the duchess of Normandy, and numbers of noble dames, demoiselles, and children, had taken refuge in the Marché de Meaux, which is surrounded by the Marne, and from which they saw and heard the Jacks," who filled the town. They were half dead with fear; momentarily apprehending outrage and murder. Happily, unexpected succor was at hand. The count of Foix and the captal of Buchf (the latter served with the English) were on their return from the crusade in Prussia, with a body of knights. Learning at Chalons the danger of these ladies, they put spurs to their horses, and entering the Marché, (market-place,) "having opened the gate, they posted themselves in front of these clowns, dirty, little, and badly armed, and fell upon them with their lances and their swords. Those who were foremost, feeling the weight of their blows, turned about so fast in their fright, (hideur,) they fell one over the other. The men-at-arms then rushed out of the barriers, drove them before them, striking them down like beasts, and clearing the town of them; for they kept neither regularity nor order, slaying so many that they were tired. They flung them in great heaps into the river. In short, they killed upwards of seven thousand. On their return, they set fire to the disorderly town of Meaux. "I In all directions the nobles massacred the peasantry, without inquiring whether or not they had taken any share in the Jacquerie. "And," says a contemporary, "they wrought so much harm to the country, that there was no need of the English coming to destroy the kingdom. They never could have done the mischief which the barons did."§ *Chronicle, published by Sauvage in his edition of Frois sart, pp. 196-7. ("The title of captal," says Mr. Johnes in his translation of Froissart," had anciently been affected by some of the most illustrious lords of Aquitaine. It seems that it was originally equivalent to the title of count, and marked even a superiority, as the word capitalis announces principal chief. This dignity, at first personal, as well as all the others, became, in length of time, attached to particular families, and to the estates of which they were possessed. In the time of the first duke of Aquitaine, there were several captals; but this title, perhaps by neglect, was replaced by others, so that, towards the fourteenth century, there were no more than two captals acknowledged, that of Buch and that of France.-See Ducange, at the word Capitalis.")TRANSLATOR. Froissart, b. i. c. 184. Contin. G. de Nangis, p. 119. Charles-le-Mauvais made captain of Paris, They endeavored to treat Senlis as they had done Meaux. Having got its gates opened, by giving out that they came from the regent, they raised shouts of "The town is taken-the town is won!" But they found the burgesses under arms, and, with them, other nobles who had come to defend the town. Wagons were rolled down the steep high-street, which threw them into disorder, and boiling water rained upon them from the windows. "Some fled to Meaux to bear the news of their defeat, and got laughed at; the rest, who remained in the high-street, will do no more harm to the people of Senlis." This It is wonderful that in the midst of this devastation of the country, Paris should not have perished of famine; and the fact reflects high credit on the ability of the provost of the merchants. But he could not keep this large, omnivorous city supplied without the good-will of the country; and hence the seeming inconsis tency of his conduct. He allied himself with the "Jacks," and then, with the king of Navarre, the destroyer of the "Jacks.” prince's cavalry was indispensable to him, to enable him to keep open some of the roads, while the dauphin kept possession of the river. At his instigation, the title of captain of Paris was conferred on Charles, (15th of June ;) who, however, was no longer a free agent. He was deserted by many of his gentlemen, who would not assist the mob against the higher orders, and the citizens themselves turned against him, hating him for his carnage of the "Jacks," and suspecting that they had no great friend in him. Meanwhile, provisions rose in price. The dauphin, with three thousand lances, was at Charenton, and intercepted all supplies by the Seine and the Marne. The burgesses called on the king of Navarre to defend them, to sally forth, to do something. Forth he went; but it was to betray them. The two princes had a long and secret interview; and parted good friends. Venturing to return to Paris, Charles's most determined partisans and Marcel joined in depriving him of his title of captain of the city. He was loud in his complaints: the Navarrese and the citizens quarrelled; and some fell on both sides. Marcel's position became dangerous. The dauphin had possession of the upper Seine, Charenton, and St. Maur; the king of Navarre occupied the lower Seine and St. Denys. They scoured the country, and all supply was cut off. Paris was at the last gasp. Charles, who knew this, allowed both parties to try to buy him. The dauphiness, and numbers of good people, (beaucoup de bonnes gens.) that is to say, of lords and of bishops, mediated, and went to and fro between the dauphin and the king. They offered Charles four hundred thousand florins to give up Paris and Marcel. The treaty was Qui vero mortui remanserunt, genti Silvanectensi amplius non nocebunt. Idem, ibid. † Froiss. iii. p. 306, ed. Buchon. |