This Sivaraja or Sivadasa includes, therefore, even VarāhaMihira among the or rather modern astrologers. He clearly asserts that Mars-Jupiter-as-friends system never tallies with actual facts. Sivarāja quotes Srīpati of < 1040 A.D., Bhojaraja and his works Raja-Mārtaṇḍa' and 'Raja-Mṛigānka' of <1050 A.D., Daivajna-ballabha of < 1100 A.D., Horāmakaranda of < 1100 A.D., and also Bhaskaracharyya of <1150 A.D. He is referred to by Pitambara of <1520 A.D., who is a commentator on 'Vivaha-Paṭala. Šivarāja also quotes Jātaka-Pārijāta of Vaidyanath but its date is not yet exactly ascertainable. It is further interesting to note that the author of ‘Jātaka-Tilaka,' another shrewd practical astrologer, also raised the same note of dissent. He too is in favour of the Mars-Jupiter-adversary system and he strongly criticises the fallacious system of Mars-Jupiter-as-friends which reigned supreme in his time as well. I quote him verbatim below :— होराशास्त्रेषु सर्वेषु ज्ञ- सित गुरुः शुभः । And again, अशुभो ज्ञो रविक्षेत्रे रविः क्लं शकरः ज्ञभे । यदि मित्रग्टहस्थौ स्तः कथमवाशुभं फलम् ॥ afufuanfe-yfana âu gåfd-unforar u i.e., “In all the Nativity astrologies, Jupiter is pronounced as very benevolent when posted in the mansion of Mercury or Venus; now, if Mercury and Venus be the enemies of Jupiter how can the two things be consistent with each other, etc." Here, I shall refer to a number of most illustrious and important horoscopes which which I have gone through very carefully and which I consider as extremely significant in settling this much-disputed point of planets' relationship to one another, once for all. Jupiter (fa) symbolises and rules over acute judicial discrimination, deep legal penetration, ripe wisdom in general, scientific acumen and investigation as also vast scholarship and love of study. These are the most important Jupiterian qualities put in a nutshell. None of these qualities is possible to be present in a marked degree in any individual in whose nativity Jupiter is badly posted, especially, if he be in his enemy's mansion. Now, if Mercury and Venus are the adversaries of Jupiter (as according to the present-day system, dating from Varaha-Mihira's time), then those individuals who have got Jupiter in the mansions of Mercury and Venus can never be remarkable and famous in those very qualities which are specially Jupiter's own. Thus we find that (1) Michael Faraday, (2) Lord Kelvin, (3) Sir George Jessel, (4) Sir John Bright, (5) Justice Dwarkanath Mitra, (6) James Prinsep, (7) Prof. Thibaut, (8) Prof. Bohtlingk, (9) Prof. Maxmüller, (10) Mahes Chandra Nyāyaratna, (11) Ananda Mohan Basu and (12) Keshab Chandra Sen and such others have all of them got Jupiter posted in Mercury's house in their horoscopes; and we also find that (1) Thomas Edison, (2) Lord Curzon, (3) Lord Sinha, (4) Sir K. G. Gupta, (5) Sir Asutosh Mookerjee, (6) Sir Rames Chandra Mitra, (7) Sir J. C. Bose, (8) Dr. Brajendra Nath Seal and such others have all got Jupiter posted in the house of Venus. It is a great pleasure to note that our experience on these practical and most important points has been endorsed by the best English and American astrologers of these days. Thus, the conjunction of Jupiter with every planet is considered good excepting with Mars. And Mr. Raphael who bases his 'Key to Astrology' on purely practical experience gives the following on page 8 of his book (1909 Ed.), (Jupiter Conj. H., Sat., Sun, V, Merc or Moon) as a good conjunction, Mars being omitted from the list. Vide also Max Heindel's 'The Message of the Stars' (1919), p. 337. 'The person having Jupiter in conjunction to Mars is tricky, deceitful, untruthful,' etc. I must cease here from multiplying further examples. Thus, it would be quite evident that Mars is the bitterest adversary of Jupiter and that the author of Mricchakatika very significantly institutes the simile—- अङ्गारक- विरुद्धस्य प्रक्षीणस्य , etc.; and we feel a real pleasure in having found out the fertile chronological clue contained in that passage. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF MALAYALAM PHONETICS BY L. VISHWANATHA RAMASWAMI AIYAR, M.A., B.L., Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, Cochin State. I give below a list of the International Phonetic Association symbols that I have requisitioned for the following concise discussion of the phonetic habits of the Malayalam language. I am fully conscious of the fact that just as no two persons can utter the same sound exactly alike, no two languages also can have exactly similar sounds; yet after a careful examination of the IPA. script, I have attempted in this essay to make as close an adaptation of this script as possible to the sounds of the Malayalam language. The symbols given below represent the sounds occurring in the pronunciation of the people of the Cochin State, which, situated as it is right in the central portion of Malabar or the Malayalam-speaking land, has in a great degree preserved the true Malayalam sounds free from the contamination of the Kannada or Kanarese influence in the north and of Tamil in the south. Front Vowels. [i] as in [pați] step, [mati] lap, laziness. [i] as in [ti:] fire. [e] and [e] as in [cfeți] plant and [pe:ți] fear. [] not an ordinary sound in Malayalam, but occurs dialectally in words like [kefǝm] hair, [ten] honey. [æ] as in [pæn] I, [ɲjæjǝm] justice. Mired Vowels. [A]: this is the real sound of the first symbol of the Malayalam |