Mahomet.-The Empires of the East.-The Siege of

Damascus.-Caled.-Derar.-Thomas the Greek.-The Wife

of Aban.-Abu Obeidah.-Abdallah.-The Fair of Abyla.-

Arabian Women.-Caled's Tomb.-Omar.-Amrou.-The

Siege of Alexandria.-Egypt.-Akbah.-Tarik.-Edeco.-

Roderic. Battle of Xerxes.-Count Julian.-Ruin of the

Gothic Monarchy.--Treaty of Abdelazig and Theodemir.—

Statues of Carcassone.- Mohammed.-Ibrahim... 86 to 160

Persia. Battle of Cadessia.-The Ghebers.-Atush Kudu.-
Kohé Gebr.-Magian Ceremonies.-Parsees at Oulam.-
Magnificence of the Caliphs.-Almansor.-Bagdad.—Mahadi.
-Almamon.-Moctader.-Palace of Zehra.-Abdalrahman.

-Haroun al Raschid and Nicephorus.-Carmath.-Pillage

of Mecca.-The Well of Zemzene.-The Caaba.. 161 to 188

The Dynasty of the Aglabites.-The Edrisites.-The Taherites.—

The Soffarides. · The Sansanides. The Abbassides.

The Toulunides and Ikshidites. The Namadanites. ·

The Bowides. Decline and Fall of the Caliphs.. 189 to 198

-

Theophano.-Wolodomir.-Tactics and Character of the Greeks.

-The Greek Fire.-The Character of the Saracens.-Moslem

and Roman Warriors.-Order of Battle.-The Franks.-

Character and Tactics.-The Nobles of France.-Justinian

Bulgarians. Basil the Second. - Russians. -

-

199 to 211

Theophilus and

Lewis.-Normans.-Varangians of the Baltic.-Ruric.-

Waladimir.-Byzantine Court.-Naval Expedition against

Constantinople.-Oleg.-Igor.-Jaroslaus. - Swatoslaus. -

212 to 231

John Zimisces.-Olga

Siege of Bari.-Normans in Naples and Sicily.-Count Rainulf.-

Robert Guiscard.-Tancred.-Trade of Amalphi.-Govern-

ment of Amalphi.-Mariner's Compass.-Roger.-Siege of

Durazzo.-Alexius.-Gaita.-Flight of Alexius.-Henry of

Germany.-Pillage of Rome.-Kings of the Latin world.-

William the Bad.-William the Good.-Henry the Sixth.--

Tancred the Second.-Final Extinction of the Normans

232 to 261

Mahomet the Gaznevide.-Holy War against the Gentoos.-The
Pagoda of Sumnat.-Letter from the Persian Sultana.-The
Seljukians. Togrul Beg.-Alp Arslan.-Malek.-Division

of the Seljukian Empire.-Conquest of Jerusalem by the
Turks. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land from Europe.-
Hakem.-Atsiz the Carizmian.-Emir Ortok.... 262 to 287

State of Society.--Feudal System and the Papal Power.-Rise

and Progress of Commerce.--Effect of the Crusades.-

Hereditary Kingdoms of Europe.-Power of the Clergy

......

288 to 300

France. Hugh Capet.-Power of the Barons.-Feudal system in

France. Count de Périgord.-"The Truce of the Lord."-

Philip the First..
301 to 307

Introduction of the Feudal System in England.-Edward the

Confessor's laws.-English Constitution.-Civil Freedom.-

France and England.-The Wittenagemote.-First Burgesses

summoned to Parliament.-Aristocratic influence of the

Conquest.-Crown of England usurped.--Prerogative of

deciding peace and war.-Saxon influence on the Norman

Character

308 to 329

Elements of the Constitution of Spain.-Progress of Society in
Spain.-Mariana, the Spanish Historian.-War in Spain
against the Moors.-Siege of Toledo.-Don Roderigo Dias
de Bivar. Decline of Mahometan power in Spain after the
Battle of Toloso.-Alphonso.-Kingdoms of Spain.-Union
of Castille and Arragon, under Ferdinand and Isabella.-
Expulsion of the Moors.-Legislature.-Feudal System in
Spain.-Justiza of Arragon.-The Cortes ......
... 330 to 346

Origin of the First Crusade.--Peter the Hermit.-Pope Urban.-

Massacre of the Jews on the Moselle and Rhine.-The Fate

of the First Crusaders.-Chiefs of the First Crusade.-

Godfrey of Bouillon.- Eustace. Baldwin. Confederate

Force.-European Sovereigns.-Hugh, Count of Vermandois.

-Robert, Duke of Normandy.-Robert, Count of Flanders.

-Stephen, Count of Chartres, Blois, and Troyes.-Adhemar,

Bishop of Puy.-Raymond, Count of St. Giles and Thoulouse.

-Bohemond.-Tancred.-Military character of the age.-

March of the Princes to Constantinople.-Number of

Crusaders.-Loss sustained.-Princess Anne.--Siege of Nice.

-Battle of Dorylæum.-Edessa founded.--Siege of Antioch.

--Siege of Jerusalem.--Rescue of the Holy City.--Godfrey

elected King.-War with the Fatimites.--Battle of Ascalom.

--The Dominions and Conquests of Godfrey.-The Assize of

Jerusalem
347 to 378

Second Crusade.--Conrad the Third.--Louis the Seventh.--
Third Crusade.--Frederic Barbarossa.--Conrad's Troop of
Amazons.-Number of Crusades.-St. Bernard .. 379 to 387
Mamelukes.--Noureddin.--Egypt conquered.--Adhed.-Saladin
the Great.--Melisenda.--Fulk, Count of Anjou.--Jerusalem
taken by Saladin.-Siege of Acre.--Philip Augustus and
Richard Plantagenet.--St. Louis, King of France.--Joinville.
--Conquest of Damietta.--Mamelukes of Egypt.--Loss of
Antioch.--Bondvedar, Sultan of Egypt and Syria.-Castles
of the Hospitalers and Templars destroyed.--Edward the
First at Acre.-Acre and the Holy Land retaken by the
Moslems.-Khalil...

388 to 408

Constantinople and the Byzantine Court in the Twelfth Century.

-Alexius Angelus.-Venice founded in the Island of Rialto.

-Alliance with the French.- Siege of Zara. — Constanti-

nople besieged and conquered.-Mourzouple.-Second siege,

and pillage of the Greek capital. Baldwin.-Appropriation

of the Greek provinces.-Theodore Lascaris, Emperor of

Nice.-Bulgarian War.-Emperor Henry, A.D. 1206.-Peter

of Courtenay, Count of Auxerre.-Yolande.-Pope Honorius.

-Robert crowned in the Cathedral of St. Sophia.-John of

Brienne and Mary.-John Ducas Vataces.-Michael Palæo-

logus. Charles of Anjou.-Mainfroy.-Sicilian Vespers.-

Revolution of Athens. - Otho de la Roche.- Walter de

Brienne.-War with the Catalans.-Andronicus the Elder.

Andronicus the Younger.-Irene.-Jane, daughter of the

great Amadée.-John Cantacuzene.-War with the Genoese.

-Pisani and Doria.-Colony of Pera.......... 409 to 448

Great Eruption of the Moguls and Tartars.-Zingis Khan.-Laws
of Zingis.-The Faith of Zingis.-China invaded.-Revolt of
the Khitans.-Treaty between Zingis and the Chinese.-
Siege of Yeu-King.-Northern provinces of China subdued.—
Massacre at Otrar.-War between Zingis Khan and Moham-
med. Chinese Engineers.- Conquests of the Moguls. —
Octai. Gayuk.-Cathay and Mangi.-Use of Gunpowder.—
Capture of the Fleet of the Song.-Cublai's Expedition to
Japan.-Cublai's conquests.-Holagou Khan.-Conquest of
Persia, and the Empire of the Caliphs.-Baton.--Invasion
of Europe.-Bela.-Emperor Frederic the Second.-Siege of
Neustadt. Valour of the Franks.-Sheibani.- Siberia.—
Discovery of the Icy Sea.-Samoiedes.-Successors of Zingis.
-The Golden Horde.-Power of the Khan.-Progress of

--

Civilization.--Caracorum.-Reign of Cublai.--Court of Pekin.

-Mogul Emperors expelled from China.-Division of the

Mogul Empire.--Borga.--Cazan Khan.-Origin of the Otto-

man Turks.--Gelaleddin.-Aladin.-Orthogrul.-Othman.-

Orchan.-Conquest of Bithynia.-Divisions of Anatolia.-

Loss of the Asiatic provinces.-The Knights of Rhodes.-

Theodora.-Ottomans in Europe.-Soliman.-Amurath the

First. Sclavonic Tribes.-The Janizaries.-Battle of Cossova.

-Death of Amurath.-Bajazet the First.-Conquest in Asia

and Europe. Invasion of Hungary.-Sigismond.—Battle of

Nicopolis.-Crusade and Captivity of the French Princes.—

Magnificence of the Ottoman Court.-Manuel.--Constanti-

nople and the Greeks.-Approach of Timour, or Tamerlane

449 to 542

France in the Fourteenth Century.-Reign of John.-The First

Dauphin. The States-General. Factions of the Royal

Family. Power of the Crown.-Houses of Burgundy and

Orleans. Henry Fifth of England.-The Maid of Orleans.-

Charles the Seventh.-Expulsion of the English.-Establish-

ment of a standing Army.-Louis the Eleventh.-Charles

the Bold.-Princess Mary of Burgundy.-Negociations

-

543 to 561.

--

Timour or Tamerlane.-Carashar Nevian.-Timour's Birthplace.
-The Getes.-Timour elected.-Conquests in Persia.-Shah
Mansour. Turkestan.— Kipzak. - Tortamish.- Russia. —
Conquests of Hindostan.-Massacre of the Gentoos.-War
with Bajazet.-Invasion of Syria and Anatolia.-Destruction
of Damascus.-Burning of Aleppo.-Taking of Bagdad.—
Battle of Angora.-Death of Bajazet.-Timour at Samarcand.
-Royal Marriages. Preparations for invading China.
Death of Timour.-The game of Chess.-Sharokh.-Usbecks
of the North.-Aurungzebe.-Mustapha.-Isa.-Soliman.—
Mousa. Mahomet the First.-Ibrahim. - Amurath the
Second.― Reunion of the Ottoman Empire.-State of the
Greek Empire.-Siege of Constantinople.-Hereditary Suc-
cession. Military Discipline. - Royal Schools at Boursa,
Pera, and Adrianople.-Agiamoglans and Ichoglans.-Inven-
tion and Use of Gunpowder
562 to 609

Eastern Emperors and the Popes.-Andronici.-Cantacuzene.-
John Palæologus the First.-John Hawkwood.-Manuel.-
John Palæologus the Second.-Greek Language at the By-
zantine Court.-Barlaam.-Revival of Greek Literature in

Italy.-Petrarch.-Bocacce.-Manuel Chrysoloras.-Grocyn,
Linacer, and Latimer.-Nicholas the Fifth ...... 610 to 627

Cosmo de Medicis.-Florence.-Extensive Commerce.-Transac-

tions with the Palæologi.-The Strozzi, Peruzzi, Barbadori,

and Albizzi.-Conspiracy against Cosmo.-Imprisonment.—

Escape to the Frontier.-Return to Florence.-Successful

Trade.-Conspiracy of the Pitti and Venetians.-Piero de

Medici.-Lorenzo de Medici. - Field-pieces used.. Flam-

beaux on the Field of Battle.-Volterra besieged.—Guiliano

de Medici.-Pope Sixtus the Fourth.-The Pazzi Conspiracy.

-Archbishop of Pisa.-Bandini.-Cady Bashaw, Grand Vizier

to Bajazet the Second.-Selim the First.-Commissioner

Nardi.-League between the Pope and the King of Naples

against the Medici.-Ferrand dissolves the League.—Peace

of Italy.-Piero, son of Lorenzo.-Lorenzo, the patron of

Literature.-Library of the Medici.-Catharine de Medici.—

Michael Angelo. - University founded at Pisa. - Johannes

Picus de la Mirandola, Angelus Politianus, Marsileo Ficino,

Christofano Laudini, Johannes Lascaris, Demetrius Chal-

condilas, and Marcellus Trachamontano.-Theses of Prince

della Mirandola.-Charles the Eighth at Florence.-Cardinal

Bessarion.-Lodovico Sforza.-Duke of Calabria.-Princess

Isabella.- Flight of Piero de Medici. - Estate of Medici

abandoned to pillage.-Bernardo Neri.-Savanarola.-Barto-

lonico de Salviano. Unsuccessful attempt to surprise

Florence.-Paulo Vitelli.-Piero de Soderini.-Cardinal de

Medici elected Pope. Lucretia de Medici.- Giulio.

Giuliano. Alfonsina degl' Orsini. Francis the First.

Cardinal Petrucci. - The Thirty-one Cardinals. - Pompey

Colonna.-The Heiress of Bologna.-Katherine de Medici.-

Pope Leo poisoned by Barnaby Malespina

628 to 687

--

-

Scanderbeg.

-

......

-

Amurath the Second.-Double Abdication.-Hungarian Invasion.

-Death of Amurath.-Eugenius.-The League.-Ladislaus.

-John Huniades.-Battle of Warna.-Death of Ladislaus.

-Column erected to his memory by Amurath.-Cardinal

Julian. Seven Chiefs.

Constantine.

Phranza. Embassies. -Turkish War. Mahomet the
Second.-Siege of Constantinople.-Great Cannon.-Force
of the Turks.-Force of the Greeks.-Succour from the
Christian Princes.-Mahomet's Navy transported overland.-
State of the City.-Mahomet's final orders.-Death of Con-
stantine.-St. Sophia.-Transformed into a Mosch.-Palace
of the Cæsars.-Constantine's body found.-Loss of the