sticking their staves in the ground, made obeisance, with the result that the staves took root and grew up to a large size. The people of that day venerated them and did not venture to cut them down, so that ultimately there was a grove, which has in consequence received the name of Sight Regained." The priests belonging to the shrine mostly retire thither after their midday meal and sit in meditation.

Six or seven li to the north-east, the abbess Vâisâkha built a shrine, and invited Buddha and the priests. The shrine is still there.

The great court-yard of the Shrine of the Garden of Gold has two entrances; one on the east side and the other on the west. This garden is on the spot on which Sudatta, the elder, spread out gold money in order to buy the ground. The shrine is in the middle of it. Buddha spent more time here than anywhere else, expounding the Faith and making converts. At all the places where he walked in meditation or sat down, pagodas have been raised, each with its name inscribed; as, for instance, at the spot where Sundara (a Brahman) committed suicide in order to involve Buddha in shame.

From the eastern entrance of the Garden of Gold, at a distance of seventy paces to the north, and on the west side of the road, there is the place where Buddha argued with heretics from ninety-six schools. The king, his great officers, gentry, and people, all collected like clouds to

listen. At that juncture a heretic woman, named Chanchamana, a prey to jealousy, arranged her clothes in such a manner as to make her appear enceinte; and coming into the midst of the priests, she accused Buddha of violating the rules of the Faith. Thereupon Indra, God of Heaven, changed himself into a white rat and bit her girdle in two. Down fell the clothes she had put in front, the earth gaped, and she sank alive into Purgatory.

There is also the place where Dêvadatta, with poisoned nails, tried to injure Buddha and went down alive into Purgatory. At all these spots men of later ages have set up marks for remembrance. Further, at the place where the argument was held, a shrine has been raised, over sixty feet in height, and containing an image of Buddha seated.

On the east side of this road there is an heretical Brahman temple, called "Shadowcovered." It stands opposite to the abovementioned shrine, on the other side of the avenue of trees, and is also over sixty feet in height. It was called "Shadow-covered" because when the sun is in the west, the shadow of the shrine of the World-Honoured One darkens the temple of the heretical Brahmans; whereas, when the sun is in the east, the shadow of the temple darkens the north and never falls upon the shrine of Buddha. The heretics often sent people to look after their own temple, to sweep and

sprinkle it, to burn incense, light lamps, and make offerings; but next morning the lamps would always be found in the shrine of Buddha. The Brahmans said in their anger, "You Shamans are always taking away our lamps for the worship of your Buddha; but we are not going to stop our worship because of you." On that very night, while personally keeping watch, they saw the Gods they themselves serve, take the lamps, walk three times round the shrine, and then make offering of the lamps to Buddha, after which they suddenly vanished. Thus the Brahmans came to know the greatness of Buddha's divine power, and at once gave up their family ties and entered His priesthood.

Tradition says that near about this time the Shrine of the Garden of Gold was surrounded by ninety-eight monasteries, all inhabited by priests, except one which was vacant.

In this country there are ninety-six schools of heretics, all of which recognize the present state of existence (as real, not illusory). Each school has its own disciples, who also beg their food but do not carry alms-bowls. They further seek salvation by building alongside of out-ofthe-way roads houses of charity where shelter, with beds and food and drink, is offered to travellers and to wandering priests passing to and fro; but the time allowed for remaining is different in each case. Dêvadatta (Buddha's deadly enemy), too, has still a number of

priests, who make offerings to the three past Buddhas but not to Shâkyamuni.

Four li to the south-east of Srâvasti is the spot where Buddha stood by the road-side when king Virûdhaka was bent on attacking Kapilavastu. A pagoda has been built there. Fifty li to the west of the city there is a town, named Tadwa, where Kâsyapa Buddha was born. There where father and son met, and where the latter disappeared from earth, pagodas have been raised; as also over the complete remains of Kâsyapa Tathâgata a great pagoda has been built.

From the city of Srâvasti travelling southeast for twelve yôjanas, the pilgrims reached a town, named Nabhiga, which is the place where Krakuchanda Buddha was born. Where he and his father met, and where he passed away, there is a monastery, and a pagoda has been erected. From this point travelling north somewhat less than a yôjana, they came to the town where Kanakamuni Buddha was born. Where he and his father met, and where he passed away, pagodas have been built.

From this point going east for somewhat less than a yôjana, the pilgrims arrived at the city of Kapilavastu. Therein no king nor people are to be found; it is just like a wilderness, except for priests and some tens of families. On the spot where formerly stood the palace of king Suddhôdana, and where images have been made of the

Heir Apparent (Buddha) and his mother, at the moment when she dreamt that riding on a white elephant He entered her womb; and where, as Heir Apparent, on issuing forth from the east gate of the city, He saw a sick man and turned about his chariot to go home, pagodas have been raised. So, too, at the various places where Asita pointed out the signs of future Buddhaship on the body of the Heir Apparent; where, when with Nanda, Dêvadatta felled the elephant and Buddha threw it away; where Buddha shot an arrow which flew thirty li to the south-east, piercing the ground and causing a spring of water to gush forth, which men of later ages fashioned into a well (called Arrow Fountain) for the use of travellers; where Buddha, having attained salvation, came back and met the king, his father; where five hundred princes of the royal family gave up the world and did obeisance to the apostle Upâli, while the earth quaked with six shocks; where Buddha expounded the Faith for the dêvas, while the four Heavenly Kings guarded the four doors so that the king, Buddha's father, could not get in; where Buddha sat under a fig-tree, which still exists, with his face to the east, and his aunt presented him with a priest's cassock; and where king Vâidûrya slew the maidens of the house of Shâkya, who all became Saints before death-at the above places pagodas have been built and are still in existence.

Several li to the north-east of the city was the