Product Standards, Exports and Employment: An Analytical StudyThrough the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int- dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century globalization process has been the new technological revolution that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover, whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than development of software packages, in India and assembly line for automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries, but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall productivity level and product diversification. |
Contents
II | 1 |
III | 2 |
IV | 3 |
V | 5 |
VIII | 11 |
IX | 15 |
X | 19 |
XI | 21 |
XXXIII | 82 |
XXXIV | 84 |
XXXV | 86 |
XXXVI | 87 |
XXXVII | 88 |
XXXVIII | 91 |
XXXIX | 92 |
XL | 95 |
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Product Standards, Exports and Employment: An Analytical Study Rajat Acharyya No preview available - 2009 |
Common terms and phrases
Acharyya adverse selection aggregate employment autarky average industry quality buyers cater China composite traded consequently consumption tax cost advantage cost of quality developing countries ecological dumping environmental regulation environmental-quality equilibrium export quality factor prices Figure first-best free trade given high-type consumers imports income distribution increase India indifference curves innovation input IR constraint ISBN low-type consumers lower quality marginal cost marginal utility marginal willingness-to-pay market-clearing minimum environmental standard minimum standard minimum wage monopolist offers moral hazard non-traded sector non-traditional exports North Northern consumers Northern producers optimal output physical capital pollution-content premium to skill product quality profit quality enhancement quality level raises rate of return real income return to capital second-best selection of export separating menu skilled labour small open economy socially optimum South Southern exports Southern firms Sri Lanka supply of skilled tariff topmost quality traditional traded types unskilled labour unskilled money wage unskilled workers warranty system welfare
Popular passages
Page 141 - Donnenfeld, S., and W. Mayer (1987): The Quality of Export Products and Optimal Trade Policy. International Economic Review 28, 159-174. Donnenfeld, S. and S. Weber (1987): The Quality of Export Products and Optimal Trade Policy.
Page 144 - Reitzes, JD (1991), The impact of quotas and tariffs on strategic R&D behavior, International Economic Review, 32, 985-1007.
Page 141 - Masson (1988): Domestic Industrial Structure and Export Upgrading: A Quality Signaling Approach. International Economic Review 29, 261-270.