Sahajátiń áwasanto Sálhathéró wichińtiya Páṭhéyyaká dhammawádi ; ití passi anásawó.

"

Upéchcha tań Mahábrahmá “dhammé tiṭṭháti ” abruwí: nichchan dhammé thitattań só attanó tassa abruwi. Té parikkháramádáya Réwatatthérámaddasuń, Théró nagaṇhitań, pakkhań páhisissań panámayi. Wésálin té tató gańtwá, tató Pupphapurań gatá, wadinsu Kálásókassa narindassa alajjinó :

“Satthussa nó gandhakúṭij, gópayańtá mayań tahiń Maháwanawihárasmiń wasáma Wajjabhúmiyań.” Gańhissáma wihárańtí gámawásika bhikkhunó, ágachchhańti, Mahárája, pațísédhaya té iti.”

Rájá tan duggahitańté katwá, Wésálimágamuń, Réwatatthéramulamhi sahajátiyametthatuń.
Bhikkhú sata sahassáni ékádassa mágatá nawutińcha sahassáni áhu tań watthusańtiya.
Mulatthéhi winá watthú samanańnéwa róchayi thérá sabbépí bhikkhú té Wésálimagamu tató.
Duggahítócha só rájá tatthá machché apésayi: mulhádewánubháwéna aṛṇattha agamińsu té.
Pésetwá té mahipáló; rattíń tań supinéna só apassi sakamańtánań pakkhittań Löhakumbhiyd.
Atibhíto áhu rájá: tamassásétumágamá bhaginínandathérítu ákáséna anásawá :

departing each morning at dawn, on reaching the places adapted for their accommodation, they met together again (for consultation) in the evenings.

At a place (where they had so assembled), the théro Yaso, under the directions of the chief priest Sambhútó, at the close of a sermon, addressing himself to the celebrated théro Réwato, inquired what the ten (unorthodox) indulgences were. Having examined those rules, the théro pronounced them "inadmissible;" and said, "Let us suppress this (schism.)

These sinners with the view to seducing the renowned théro Réwato to their party, collecting a vast quantity of priestly offerings, and quickly embarking in a vessel arrived at the place where the principal priests were assembled; and at the hour of refection, set forth the chant of refection. The théro Sálhó, who was resident at that selected place, and had overcome the dominion of sin, reflecting whether the doctrine of the Pathéya priests was orthodox, it appeared to him to be so. The Maha-Brahma (of the world. Sudhawasa) descending unto him (Sálhó) addressed him thus: "Adhere to that doctrine." He replied,- that his adherence to that faith would be steadfast.

Those who had brought the priestly offerings presented themselves to the eminent théro Réwato. The théro declined accepting the offerings, and dismissed the pupil of the sinful fraternity (who presented them).

These shameless characters departing thence for Wisáli, and from thence repairing to the capital Pupphápura, thus addressed their sovereign Kálásóko: "We, the guardians of the dwelling of our divine instructor, reside there, in the land of Wajji, in the Mahawana wihare." "The priests resident in the provincial villages are hastening hither, saying, 'Let us take possession of the wihare.' Oh, Maha-rája, prevent them." They having (thus) deceived the king, returned to Wisáli.

In the (aforesaid) selected place where the (orthodox) priests had halted, unto the théro Réwato, for the purpose of suppressing the schismatic indulgences, eleven hundred and ninety thousand priests congregated. He had decided (however) not to suppress the

F

"Bhárikanté katań kammań: dhammikayyé khamápaya: pakkhé tésań bhawitwa, twań kuru sásanapaggahan."
“Ewań katé sotthituyhań hessatíti” apakkami, Pabhátéyéwa Wésáliń gańtuń nikkhami bhúpati.
Gańtwa Maháwanań bhikkusańgań só sańnipátiya; sutwá ubhińnań wádańcha, dhammapakkhancha róchiya,
Khamȧpetwa dhammiké té bhikkhú sabbé mahipatí, attanó dhammapakkhattań watwá ; “tumhé yathá ruchin.”
Sampaggahań sásanassa karótháticha" bhásiya; datwácha tésań árakkhań ágamási sakań purań.
Nichchhituń tani watthúni sańghó sańnipatí tadá: anaggáni tattha bhassáni sańgamajjhé ajáyisuń.
Tató só Réwatatthéró sáwetwá, sańgamajjhagó, ubbáhikáya, tań witthuń samétuń nichchhayań aká.
Páchínakécha chaturó, chaturo Páṭhéyyaképicha, ubbáhikáya sammańti bhikkhúnań watthû santiyá.
Sabbakamicha, Sálhócha, Khujjasóbhitanámako, Wásabhágámíkócháti, thérá Páchínaká ímé.
Réwato, Sanasambhútó, Yasó Kákanḍakattrajó, Sumanócháti, chattáro thèrá, Páṭhéyyaká ímé.
Samétuń táni watthúni appasaddań, anákulań, agamuń Wálukárámań atṭhatthérá anásawá.

heresy at any place but that at which it had originated. Consequently the théros, and all these priests repaired to Wisáli. The deluded monarch dispatched his ministers thither. Misguided however, by the interposition of the gods, they proceeded in a different direction. The sovereign having (thus) deputed these ministers (to the priesthood), in the night, by a dream, he saw that his soul was cast into the Lóhokumbiya hell. The king was in the greatest consternation. To allay that (terror) his younger sister, the priestess Anandi, a sanctified character, who had overcome the dominion of sin, arrived, travelling through the air: "The act thou hast committed is of the most weighty import: make atonement to the orthodox ministers of the faith: uniting thyself with their cause, uphold true religion. By adopting this course peace of mind will be restored unto thee." Having thus addressed him, she departed,

At the very dawn of day, the monarch departed to proceed to Wisáli. Having reached the Mahawana wihare, he assembled the priesthood; and having examined the controversy by listening to both parties, he decided in favour of the cause of true religion. The sovereign having made atonement to all the ministers of true religion, and having avowed his adherence to its cause, he said: "Do ye according to your own judgment, provide for the due maintenance of religion;" and having extended his protection to them, he departed for his capital (Pupphápura.)

Thereupon, the priesthood assembled to inquire into these indulgences: there in that convocation (however) endless and frivolous discussions arose. The théro Réwato himself then advancing into the midst of the assembly, and causing to be proclaimed the ubbáhikaya" rules, he made the requisite arrangements for the purpose of suppressing this heresy.

66

By the ubbáhikaya rules, he selected, for the suppression of the sacerdotal heresy, four priests of Páchína and four of Pathéya. These were the Pachina priests,-Sabbakámi, Sálho, Kujjasóbhito, and Wasabhagamiko. These were the four Pathéya priests,Réwato, Sambúto of Sána, Yaso the son of Kákondako, and Sumano. For the purpose

Tésu watthusu ékéka kamato Réwató maháthéro thérá Sabbakámiń puchchhi puchchhásu kowido.
Sabbakámi maháthéro téna puṭṭhósi wiyákari ;“ sabbáni táni watthúni nakapantíti suttató.”
Niharitwadhikaraṇań tań té tattha yáthákkamań; tatthéwa sańghamajjhamhi puchchha wissajjanań karuń,
Niggahanpápabhikkhúnań dasawatthúkadipinań tésań dasasahasánań maháthérá akańsu té.
Sabbakámi puthuwiyá sańghatthéro tadá ahu, só wisan wassasatiko tadási upasampadá.
Sabbakámicha, Sálhócha, Réwató, Khujjasóbhitó, Yasókákanḍakasutó, Sambhúto Sánáwásikó,
Chha théra Anańdathérassa été saddhiwihárinó, Wasabhagámikóchéwa, Sumanócha duwé pana,
Théránuruddhathérassa été saddhiwihárinó. Aṭṭhathérapi panná té ditthapubbá Tathagatan.
Bhikkhú satasahassáni dwádasásuń samágatá: sabbésań Réwatatthéró bhikkhúnań pamukhó tadá.
Tadá só kéwatatthéró saddhammaṭṭhitiyá chirań kárétuń dhammasańgitiń sabbabhikkhusamúható,
Pabhinnattkádinaṇánań piṭakattayadhárinań satáni satta bhikkhúnań arahattáni muchchini.
Té sabbé Wálukárámé Kálásókéna rakkhitá, Réwatatthérapámokkhá, akaruń dhammasangahań.

of examining into these (controverted) indulgences, these eight sanctified personages repaired to Walukaráma wihare, a situation so secluded (that not even the note of a bird was heard), and free from the strife of men. The high priest Réwato, the chief of the interrogating party, questioned the théro Sabbakámi in due order, on these indulgences, one by one. The principal théro Sabbakami, who had been thus interrogated by him (Réwato), declared: "By the orthodox ordinances, all these indulgences are inadmissible." There (at the Walukaráma wihare), having in due form rejected this heresy, in the same manner in the midst of the convocation at Maháwana wihare (to which they returned), they again went through the interrogations and replies.

To the ten thousand sinful priests, who had put forth the ten indulgences, these principal orthodox priests awarded the penalty of degradation.

Sabbakámi was at that time high priest of the world, and had already attained a standing of one hundred and twenty years in the ordination of "upasampada."

Sabbakami, Salho, Réwato, Kujjasóbhito, Yaso the son of Kákondako, and Sambúto, a native of Sána,-these six théros were the disciples of the théro Anando. Wasabhagámiko and Sumano,-these two théros were the disciples of the théro Anuradho. These eight pious priests, in aforetime, had seen the deity who was the successor of former Buddhos.

The priests who had assembled were twelve hundred thousand: of all these priests, the théro Réwato was at that time the leader.

Thereupon, for the purpose of securing the permanency of the true faith, this Réwato théro, the leader of these priests, selected from those who were gifted with the qualifications for sanctification, and were the depositories of the doctrines contained in the three "pitakas," seven hundred sanctified disciples (of Buddho, for the purpose of holding the convocation on religion.) All these théros having Réwato for their chief, protected by king Kálásóko, held the convocation on religion at the Wálukaráma wihare. According

Pubbé katań tatha éwa dhammań puchchháwa, bhásitań ádáya tiṭṭhapésańtań etań máséhi aṭṭhahi.
Ewań dutiyasangitiń katwá, tépi maháyasá thérá dósakkhayań pattá pattákáléna nibbutiń.

Iti paramamatinań pattipattabbakánań tibhawahitakaránań lókanáthórasánań sumariya; maraṇań tań
sańkhatásárakańtań pariganiyamasésań, appamattó bhawéyáti.

Sújanappasádasańwégajananatthaya katé Mahawansé "dutiyasangitináma" chatuttho parichchhédo.

PANCHAMO PARICHCHHEDO,

Ya Mahákassapádíhí mahátheréhi áditó katá saddhammasangiti, thériyáti pawuchchati.
Ekówa thérawádó só ádiwassa saté ahu: anná chariyawádátu tató órań ajáisuń.

Téhi sangitikáréhi théréhi dutiyéhi, té niggahítá pápabhikkhu sabbé dassahassiká.

Akańsáchariyáwádań Mahasańghika ńámikań: tató Gókuliká játá Ekabbyóháriká picha.

Gókulikéhi, Pannatti wádá, Báhuliká picha Chetiya wádá: té swécha bhikkhú. Sabbatthawadino Dhammaguttika bhikkhúcha játá, khalu imé duwé.

to the form observed in interrogation and illustration on the former occasion, conducting this meeting precisely in the same manner, it was terminated in eight months.

Thus these théros who were indefatigable in their calling, and absolved from all human afflictions, having held the second convocation on religion, in due course attained "nibbuti."

Hence, bearing in mind the subjection to death of the disciples of the saviour of the universe, who were endowed with the sanctification of "arahat,"-who had attained the state of ultimate beatitude,-and had conferred blessings on the beings of the three "bhawas," recollecting also the liability of the rest of mankind to an interminable transmigration, let (the reader) steadfastly devote himself (to a life of righteousness.)

The fourth chapter in the Mahawanso, entitled, "the second convocation on religion," composed equally to delight and afflict righteous men.

CHAP. V.

The convocation which was held in the first instance by the principal théros, having Mahakassapo for their chief, is called the "Thériya Sangití."

During the first century after the death of Buddho, there was but that one schism among the théros. It was subsequent to that period that the other schisms among the preceptors took place.

The whole of those sinful priests, in number ten thousand, who had been degraded by the théros who had held the second convocation, originated the schism among the preceptors called the Mahásangika heresy.

Thereafter arose the Gókulika and Ekabbyóhárika schisms.

Játá Sabbatthawádéhi Kassapiyá tató pana : játá Sańkańtiká bhikkhu Suttawádań tató pana.
Thérawádéna sahaté hońti dwádasamépicha: pubbé wuttá chhawádácha iti aṭṭhárasákhilá.
Sattarasapi dutiyé játá wassa saté iti: annachariyawádátu tató oramajáyisuń.

Hémawatá, Rajagiriya, tatha Siddhattikápicha: Pubbaséliyabhikkhucha, tatha Aparaséliká,
Wadariya. Chha é téhi Jambudipamhi bhinnaka: Dhammaruchiya, Ságaliya, Láńkádipamhi bhinnaka.
Achariyakulabhédó.

Kálásokassa puttátu ahésuń dasa bhátiká; dwáwísatin té wassáni rajjan samanusâsiyuń.
Nawabhátaró tató ásuń, kaménéwa narádhipá tépi dwáwisa wassáni rajjań samanusásiyuń,
Moriyánań kattiyánań wańsejátań sirídharań “ Chandaguttóti“ páṇṇattan Chánakko bráhmanó tató.
Nawamań Dhananańdań tań ghátetwá, chaṇḍakódhasá, sakalé Jambudípasmiń rajjé samabhisinchi so.
Só chatuttinsawansáni rájá rojjamakárayi. Tassá puttó Bindusáró aṭṭhawísati kárayi.
Bindusúrasutá ásuń satań ékócha wissutá : Asókó ási tésantu punṇatéjamahiddhikó.
Wé mátiké bhátaré só hańtwá ékúnakań satań; sakalé Jambudipasmiń ékárajjama pápuni.

From the Gókulika schismatics the Pannatti, as well as the Báhulika and Chétiya heresies proceeded. Those priests, again, gave rise to the schisms of the Subbattha and the Dhammagúttika priesthood. These two (heresies) arose simultaniously. Subsequently, from the Subbattha schismatics, the Kassapo schism proceeded. Thereafter the Sankantika priesthood gave rise to the Sutta schism. There were twelve théra schisms: together with six schisms formerly noticed, there were eighteen inveterate schisms.

Thus, in the second century (after the death of Buddho), there arose seventeen schisms. The rest of the schisms of preceptors were engendered subsequently: viz., Hémawatá, Rájagiriyá, as also Siddhattiká, in like manner (that of) the eastern Séliyá, the western Séliya priesthood, and the Wadariya. These six secessions (from the true faith) took place in Jambudipo; the Dhammaruchiya and Ságaliyá secessions in Lanka.

The schismatic secessions of the preceptors concluded.

Kálásóko had ten sons: these brothers (conjointly) ruled the empire, righteously, for twenty two years. Subsequently there were nine: they also, according to their seniority, righteously reigned for twenty two years.

Thereafter the brahman Chánakó, in gratification of an implacable hatred borne towards the ninth surviving brother, called Dhana-nando, having put him to death, he installed in the sovereignty over the whole of Jambudípó, a descendant of the dynasty of Moriyan sovereigns, endowed with illustrious and beneficent attributes, surnamed Chandagutto, He reigned thirty four years.

His son Bindusáro reigned twenty eight years. The sons of Bindusáro were one hundred and one, the issue of (sixteen) different mothers.

Among them, Asóko by his piety and supernatural wisdom, became all-powerful. He having put to death one hundred brothers, minus one, born of different mothers,

G