Verse Satire in England Before the Renaissance

abstractions allegorical Anglo-French attack ballad Barclay Barclay's Bishop bitter burlesque century character characteristic Chaucer Church classes classical Satire clergy Cock Lorell contemporary corruption court criticism didactic didacticism dramatic Dunbar ecclesiastical Edward Edward II elaborate England English satire Epigram evils fabliau folly France friars genre Goliardic Gower Henry Henry VIII humor Ibid imitation infra Interludes invective Jack Upland John John Skelton Juvenal king Langland later Latin poem lines literature Lollard London Lyndsay Lyndsay's material medieval method mock-heroic monks moral Nott Wrothe parody perhaps period Piers Plowman play poet poetical Political Poems political satire Political Songs Pope popular prologue prose Protestant Reformation reformatory reign religious satire Renaissance Richard ridicule rime royal satirical poetry satirical spirit satirical verse satirist Ship of Fools sirvente Skelton social satire stanzas subject-matter supra Tale theme Three Estates tion tone variety verse-satire vices Walter Map Wolsey writer written