of meeting, the village of Quillin in the province of Puren.

At the time prefixed the Marquis appeared at the appointed place, with a retinue of about ten thousand persons, from all parts of the kingdom, who insisted on accompanying hint. Lincopichion, who also came there at the head of the four hereditary Toquis, and a great number of Ulmenes and other natives, opened the conference with a very eloquent speech. He then, according to the Chilian custom, killed a camel, and, sprinkling some of the blood on a branch of cinnamon, presented it in token of peace to the governor. The articles of the treaty were next proposed and ratified; they were similar to those which had been accepted by Ancanamon, except that the Marquis required that the Araucanians should not permit the landing of any strangers upon their coast, or furnish supplies to any foreign nation whatever; this being conformable to the political maxims of the nation, was readily granted. Thus was a period put to a war of ninety years, and this grand negociation was terminated by the sacrifice of twenty-eight camels, and an eloquent harangue from Antiguenu, chief of the district, upon the mutual advantages which both nations would derive from the peace. After this the two chiefs cordially embraced, and congratulated each other on 'the happy termination of their exertions; they then dined together, and made each other mutual presents, and the three days succeeding were past by both nations in feasting and rejoicing.

1

In consequence of this treaty all the prisoners were released, and the Spaniards had the satisfaction of receiving, among others, forty-two of those who had been in captivity since the time of Paillamachu. Commerce, which is inseparable from the good understanding of nations, was established between the two people; the lands that had been deserted in consequence of hostile incursions were repopulated, and by their regular produce animated the industry of their undisturbed possessors; the hopes of religion became also again revived, and the missionaries began freely to exercise their ministry.

Notwithstanding these and other advantages which were to be expected from the peace, there were, among both the Araucanians and the Spaniards, some unquiet tempers, who endeavoured by specious reasons to prevent its ratification. The first said that it was only a scheme to deceive the Araucanians, in order at a future time to conquer them with more facility, by rendering them unaccustomed to the use of arms. Those of the Spaniards, on the contrary, pretended to be afraid that, if peace was established, the population of the enemy would be so much increased, that they would become sufficiently powerful to destroy all the Spanish settlements in Chili. Of the latter some had even the boldness to cry "to arms," and endeavour to instigate the auxiliaries to commence hostilities at the very time of the conference. Butthe Marquis, by justifying his intentions to the one, and reprimanding the other party, prevented the renewal of the war, and put the last hand to his glo

rious undertaking, which was approved and ratified by the court.

In 1643, two years after the peace, the importance of the article inserted by the governor in the treaty was rendered very apparent to the Spaniards, by a last attempt made by the Dutch to possess themselves of Chili. Their measures were so well taken, that had they been in the least seconded by the Araucanians, they must have infallibly succeeded. Having left Brasil, which they had conquered, with a numerous fleet, well provided with men and cannon, they took possession of the harbour of Valdivia, which had been deserted for more than forty years, where they intended to form an establishment in order to conquer the rest of the kingdom. With this view they immediately began building three strong forts at the entrance of the river, in order to secure its possession.

The Araucanians were invited, with the most flattering promises, to join them; this they not only declined, but strictly adhering to the stipulations of the treaty, refused to furnish them with provisions, of which they were greatly in want. The Cunchese, to whom the territory which they had occupied belonged, following the counsel of their allies, refused also to treat with them or supply them. In consequence of this refusal, the Dutch, pressed with hunger, and hearing that a combined army of Spaniards and Araucanians were on their march against them, were compelled to abandon the place in three months after their landing. The Marquis de Mancura, son to the viceroy of Peru, having soon after arrived

there in search of them with ten ships of war, fortified the harbour, and particularly the island, which has since borne the titular name of his family.

On the termination of the sixth year of his pacific government, Baydes, was recalled by the court, and Don Martin Muxica appointed in his place. He succeeded in preserving the kingdom in that state of tranquillity in which he found it, no other commotion occurring, during his government, but that produced by a violent earthquake, which on the 8th of May 1647, destroyed part of the city of Santiago. The fortune of his successor, Don Antonio Acugna, was very different. During his government the war was excited anew between the Spaniards and Araucanians, but contemporary writers have left us no account of the causes that produced it.

Clentaru, the hereditary Toqui of Lauquemapu, being in 1655 unanimously elected general, signalized his first campaign by the total defeat of the Spanish army, commanded by the sergeant-major, who fell in the action, together with all his men. This victory was followed by the capture of the fortresses of Arauco, Colcura, St. Pedro, Talcamavida, and St. Rosendo. The next year the Araucanian general crossed the Bio-bio, compleatly defeated Acugna, the governor, in the plains of Yumbel, destroyed the forts of St. Christopher, and of the Estancia del Rey, and burned the city of Chillan.

I regret much the want of materials for this part of my work, as all the memoirs of which I have hitherto availed myself terminate at this period; even the successes of Clentaru being only men

tioned incidentally. All that we know is, generally, that this war was continued with great violence for a period of ten years, under the governments of Don Pedro Portel Casanate, and Don Francisco Meneses. The last, who was a Portuguese by birth, had the glory of terminating it in 1665, by a peace more permanent than that made by Baydes. But, after freeing himself of the Araucanians, he had the misfortune to engage in a contest of a different kind with the members of the Royal Audience, who opposed his marrying the daughter of the Marquis de la Pica, as being contrary to the royal decrees The quarrel was carried to such length, that the court of Spain was obliged to send out to Chili the Marquis de Navamorquende, with full powers to determine their difference. That minister, after duc inquiry, sent Meneses to Peru, and took possession of his office. After him, to the end of the century, the government was administered in succession by Don Miguel Silva, Don Joseph Carrera, and Don Thomas Marin de Proveda, all of whom appear to have maintained a good understanding with the Araucanians, though Garro had nearly broken with them, on occasion of removing the inhabitants of the island of Mocho in 1686, to the north shore of the Bio-bio, in order to cut off all communication with foreign enemies.

The commencement of the present era was marked in Chili by the deposition of the governor Don Francisco Ibanez, the rebellion of the inhabitants of Chiloé, and the trade with the French. Ibanez, like Meneses, was banished to Peru, for hav