The History of Arabia: Ancient and Modern ... - Andrew Crichton - Google Books

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ENGRAVINGS IN VOL. II.

VIGNETTE.-View of the South Quarter of Mocha.
An Arab of Rank in the Costume of Yemen.
Mecca and the Grand Temple during the Pilgrimage.
Convent of El Bourg near Tor

Abdallah ibn Saoud, Chief of the Wahabees.
A Young Female of the Coffee Mountains

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CONTENTS

THE SECOND VOLUME.

THE ABBASSIDES, OR CALIPHS OF BAGDAD.

Accession of the Abbassides-Caliphs of that Dynasty-Alman-

sor-Haroun al Raschid-Almamoun

cious Cruelty of Motawakkel-Magnificence of the Caliphs-

Weakness and Corruption of their Government-Their Mili-

tary Operations-Wars of Haroun al Raschid and his Suc-

cessors with the Romans-Victories of Nicephorus Phocas

and John Zimisces over the Moslems--Causes of the Down-

fall of the Abbassides-Despotic Power of the Turkish Guards

-Ravages and Cruelties of the Karmathians-Dismember-

ment of the Empire into independent Principalities-Persia

usurped by petty Dynasties-Conquests of Mahmoud of

Ghizni in India-Irruptions of the Tartars-Togrul Beg ap-

pointed Viceroy of the Mohammedan Dominions-Hoolaku

lays Siege to Bagdad-Surrender and Pillage of that Capital

-Death of Mostasem and Extinction of the Caliphate Page 9

CALIPHS OF AFRICA, EGYPT, AND SPAIN.

The Aglabites or Caliphs of Cairoan-Military Exploits of the

Western Arabs-Reduction of Crete-Conquest of Sicily-

Invasion of Italy-Pillage of Rome-Siege of Gaeta-Naval

Victory of the Christians-Subjugation of Corsica and Sardi-

nia by the Saracens-Expulsion of the Aglabites-Moorish

Kingdom of Timbuctoo-Dynasty of the Fatimites in Egypt

Their Subversion by Saladin, Founder of the Ayubites-

Dynasty of the Ommiades in Spain founded by Abdalrahman

Their Power and Magnificence-Extinction of the Caliph-

200873

ate-Conquest of Granada by Ferdinand-Wealth and Popu-

lation of the Moorish Capitals-The Government, Arms, and

Military Tactics of the Arabs--Revenue, Trade, and Marine

of Spain under the Saracens-Reduction of Sicily by the

Normans, and final Overthrow of the Mohammedan Power in

LITERATURE OF THE ARABS.

The Arabs turn their Attention to Learning-Their rapid Pro-

gress-Literary Ardour and Patronage of the Caliphs-Haroun

al Raschid-Almamoun-Vathek-College of Mostanser at

Bagdad-Academies and Libraries founded in Persia, Syria,

Egypt, Africa, and Spain-Course of Study in the Saracen

Schools-Grammar - Rhetoric-Poetry-Tales - Arabian

Nights' Entertainments-Story-tellers-History-Biography-

Numismatics-Geography-Statistics-Metaphysics-Medi-

cine and Medical Authors-Rhazes-Avicenna-Pharmacy-

Anatomy and Surgery-Botany-Chyrnistry-Astrology-As-

tronomy-Optics Mathematics-Trigonometry-Algebra-

Arithmetic-Architecture-The Fine Arts-Painting-Cal-

ligraphy-Music-Agriculture-Manufactures in Steel, Por-

celain, and Leather-Claims of the Arabs as the Restorers

of Letters and the Importers of useful Arts and Inventions

CIVIL HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF ARABIA.

Extinction of the Saracen Power-Formation of new Kingdoms

in the East-Victories and Dominions of Timur-Conquests

of the Turks and Portuguese in Arabia-Selim I. obtains the

Investiture of the Caliphate-Expulsion of the Turks by the

Independent Arab Chiefs-Dominions of the Imam of Sanaa

-His Government, Revenues, and Military Force--Descrip-

tion of Sanaa-Visits of European Travellers to that Capital.

-Principal Towns in Yemen-Beit el Fakih-Taas-Mocha

-Aden-Government of Hadramaut-Of Oman-Description

of Muscat-Court, Revenues, and Commercial Enterprise of

the Imam-Islands of Bahrein-Pearl Fisheries-Depreda-

tions of the Joassamee Pirates in the Persian Gulf-Various

Expeditions from India to suppress them-Reduction of Ras

el Khyma and their principal Fortresses-Arab Settlers on

the Persian Frontier-Classification of the wandering Be-

douin Tribes-Their migratory Habits and Military Strength
--Government of their Sheiks-Their Laws and Judicial

Trials-Reflections on their Political Institutions.

HEJAZ, OR HOLY LAND OF THE MOSLEM.

Government of Hejaz-Succession and Power of the Sheriffs-

Reign of Ghaleb-Sheriff Families at Mecca-Cities and

Towns in Hejaz-Jidda-Yembo-Taïf-Mecca-Description

of the Beitullah or Grand Temple-The Court and Colon-

nades-The Kaaba-The Black Stone-The Tob or Cover-

ing of the Kaaba-The Zemzem Well-Servants and Reve-

nues of the Mosque-Inhabitants of Mecca-Their Character,

Domestic Manners and Employments-Low State of Arts

and Learning in Hejaz.
168

THE MOHAMMEDAN PILGRIMAGE.

The Pilgrim-caravans-Their different Routes-Description and

Number of Pilgrims-The Mahmal-The Ihram-Duties of

the Pilgrims on arriving at Mecca-Walk to Safra and Omra

-Journey to Arafat-Šermon of the Cadi-Curious Appear-

ance of the Scene-Stoning of the Devil-The Feast of Sa-

crifice-Return of the Procession to Mecca-Visit to the Inte-

rior of the Kaaba-Departure of the Caravans-Altered

Appearance of the City-Holy Places round Mecca-Pil-

grimage to Medina-Description of the City-Its Inhabitants

Their Character and Occupation-The Mosque of the

Prophet-The famous Tomb of Mohammed--Čeremonies

required of the Hajjis-Servants and Revenues of the Mosque

-Sacred Places near Medina--Return of the Pilgrims-Bedr

-Suez-Convent of St.. Catherine-Regulations and Hospi-

tality of the Monks-Places of Superstitious Resort about

Mount Sinai-The Cave of Elijah-The Rock of Meribah-

Gebel Mokkateb or the Written Mountain-The Convent

near Tor-Gebel Narkous or Mountain of the Bell.

HISTORY OF THE WAHABEES.

Origin of the Wahabees-Their Founder, Abdel Wahab-Ac-

count of their Doctrines-Success of Ibn Saoud and Abdela.

zeez in Nejed-Siege and Plunder of Kerbela-Submission

of Mecca and Medina-Destruction of religious Monuments

-Murder of Abdelazeez-Accession of Saoud-His Charac-

ter-Government-Revenues-Military Tactics-Revival of

the pilgrimage-Predatory Incursions of the Wahabees-At-

tempts of the Turkish Government to suppress them-Expe

dition from Egypt lands at Yembo-Defeat of Toussoun Bey

at Jedeida-Recapture of Medina by the Turks-Thomas

Keith, a Native of Edinburgh, made Governor of the City-

Recovery of Mecca and Hejaz-Mohammed Ali takes the

Command in Person-Arrest and Death of Ghaleb-Repulse

of the Turks at Taraba-Capture of Gonfode-Death of

Saoud-Accession of Abdallah-Strength of the Turkish

Army-Defeat of the Wahabees at Bissel-Surrender of Ta-

raba and Beishe-Cruelties of Ali-His Return to Egypt--

Campaign of Toussoun in Nejed-Treaty of Peace with Ab-

dallah-Treachery of Ali and Renewal of Hostilities-Expe-

dition under Ibrahim Pasha-His success in Nejed-Siege

and Surrender of Deraiah-Death of Abdallah-Suppression

of the Wahabees and Destruction of their Capital-Reflec

tions on the Character of their Government and Religion 254

SOCIAL STATE OF THE ARABS.

National Character of the Arabs-Their Family Pride-Orders

of Nobility-Their Domestic Life-Their Tents-Furniture-

Mode of Encamping-Dress-Personal Appearance-Acute-

ness of their Senses-Sagacity in tracing Footsteps-Their

Arms-Food and Cookery-Manner of Eating-Diseases-

Wealth and Industry-Marriage - Divorce--Education of

their Children-Funerals-Modes of Salutation-Hospitality

Warfare-Robbery and Theft-The Blood-revenge-Amuse-

ments-Poetry and Music-Learning-Medicine-Supersti-

tions-Language-Arts-Commerce-Proposed Steam Routes

by the Euphrates and the Red Sea-Population-Concluding

NATURAL HISTORY OF ARABIA

Want of Information on the Natural History of Arabia-Scien-

tific Discoveries of the Danish Travellers-GEOLOGY-Mount

Sinai-Hills of Hejaz and Yemen-Volcanic Rocks-Hot

Springs-SOIL-Agriculture-Crops-Harvest-Comparative

Fertility of different Districts-MINERALOGY-No Gold or

Silver Mines in Arabia-Precious Stones-BOTANY-Vegeta-

bles-Plants-Coloquintida-Tobacco-Hemp-TREES

SHRUBS-Fruit-trees-The Palm-Date-groves-Manna-

Gum-arabic-Honey - SHRUBS -The Nebek-Tamarisk

Balsam of Mecca-The Gharkad-Henna-Acacia-Incense

Tree-Coffee-ZOOLOGY-Wild Animals-Hyenas - Mon-

keys-Rock-goats-Hares-Jerboas, &c,

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