Preliminary Chemical Engineering Plant DesignThis reference covers both conventional and advanced methods for automatically controlling dynamic industrial processes. |
Contents
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS AND PLANT DESIGN | 1 |
Research | 2 |
Other Sources of Innovation | 4 |
Process Engineering | 5 |
Professional Responsibilities | 7 |
Competing Processes | 8 |
Different Types of Preliminary Plant Designs | 9 |
How to Start a Process Design | 12 |
Cost Indices | 263 |
How Capacity Affects Costs | 265 |
Process Equipment Costs | 270 |
Factored Cost Estimate Lang Estimate | 271 |
Improvements on the Factored Estimate | 274 |
Module Cost Estimation | 283 |
Equipment Estimate | 285 |
Unit Operations Estimate | 291 |
The Process of Preliminary Plant Design | 13 |
Comparison with Alternatives | 15 |
Completing the Project | 17 |
Time Is Important | 18 |
Units | 19 |
SITE SELECTION | 21 |
Major Site Location Factors | 23 |
Other Site Location Factors | 31 |
Locating the Plant Outside the United States | 47 |
Size Selection | 48 |
THE SCOPE | 61 |
The Product | 64 |
Quality | 68 |
Raw Material Storage | 69 |
Product Storage | 71 |
The Process | 72 |
Waste Disposal Utilities Shipping and Laboratory Requirements | 73 |
Completion Date | 74 |
Scope Summary | 77 |
PROCESS DESIGN AND SAFETY | 80 |
Separations | 82 |
Unit Radio Material Balance | 86 |
Detailed Flow Sheet | 87 |
Safety | 91 |
Process Design | 101 |
Change of Scope | 107 |
EQUIPMENT LIST | 110 |
Sizing of Equipment | 111 |
Planning for Future Expansions | 115 |
Materials of Construction | 117 |
Laboratory Equipment | 118 |
Major Equipment Required | 122 |
Change of Scope | 133 |
LAYOUT | 147 |
Expansion and Improvement of Existing Facilities | 157 |
Layout and Warehouse Requirements | 158 |
PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION | 163 |
What Should Be Controlled | 164 |
Manual or Automatic Control | 166 |
Controllers | 167 |
Final Control Element | 168 |
Averaging versus Set Point Control | 169 |
Material Balance Control | 170 |
Tempered Heat Transfer | 171 |
Cascade Control | 172 |
Feedforward Control | 173 |
Blending | 174 |
ENERGY AND UTILITY BALANCES AND PERSONNEL NEEDS | 182 |
Conservation of Energy | 183 |
Minimum Utility Requirements for Flow Systems | 184 |
Pinch Point | 190 |
Energy Transfer Networks | 196 |
Sources of Energy Other than Process Streams | 203 |
Sources of Cooking Other than Process Streams | 205 |
Sizing Energy Equipment | 210 |
Planning for Expansion | 223 |
Lightning | 225 |
Ventilation Space Heating and Cooking and Personal Water Requirements | 226 |
Utility Requirements | 228 |
Personnel Requirements | 229 |
Rules of Thumb | 230 |
Energy Balance and Utility Assessment | 232 |
Change of Scope | 249 |
COST ESTIMATION | 262 |
Detailed Cost Estimate | 297 |
ECONOMICSPART I CASH FLOW | 317 |
Cost of Producing a Chemical | 318 |
Capital Costs | 321 |
Depreciation | 322 |
Amortization | 330 |
Depletion Allowance | 331 |
Special Tax Rules | 332 |
Tax Reform Act of 1986 | 333 |
Elementary Profitability Measures | 340 |
Expected Return on Investment | 349 |
ECONOMICSPART II DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW METHODS | 359 |
Compound Interest | 360 |
Two Special Cases of Compound Interest | 365 |
Present Value | 371 |
A Good Profitability Measure | 372 |
Another Good Profitability Measure | 377 |
Calculated Selling Price | 382 |
Proper Interest Rates | 384 |
Average Expected Income | 389 |
Inflation | 390 |
Cost per Unit of Production | 393 |
Simplified Equations | 397 |
Use of the Simplified Equations | 404 |
Determining Whether to Proceed with a Project | 406 |
Computers and Economics | 407 |
The Net Present Value and Rate of Return | 409 |
DETAILED ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND STARTUP | 417 |
Detailed Engineering | 418 |
Construction | 427 |
Startup | 429 |
PLANNING TOOLS CPM AND PERT | 434 |
CPM | 435 |
Personnel and Equipment Leveling | 440 |
Cost and Schedule Control | 441 |
Time for Completing Activity | 442 |
Computers | 443 |
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES | 450 |
Single Variable Optimizations | 451 |
Endgame | 465 |
Optimizing Optimizations | 466 |
DIGITAL COMPUTERS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING | 470 |
Spreadsheet and Languages | 471 |
Uses for Computers | 472 |
Integrating Systems | 476 |
Program Sources | 477 |
Evaluation of Computer Programs | 478 |
POLLUTION AND ITS ABATEMENT | 481 |
What Is Pollution? When Is It Bad? | 482 |
Determining Pollution Standards | 483 |
How to Determine if Harmful Substances Are Being Emitted | 485 |
US Government Regulations | 487 |
Some Examples of Poor Waste Disposal | 489 |
Meeting Pollution Standards | 490 |
Design of PollutionAbatement Systems | 492 |
Air Pollution Abatement Systems | 494 |
Water Pollution Abatement Methods | 501 |
ConcentratedLiquid and SolidWaste Treatment Procedures | 516 |
Conversion Factors Units and Useful Relationships | 525 |
Cost Data for Process Equipment Offsite Facilities Site Development and Structures | 528 |
Physical Properties and Constants of Pure Vinyl Chloride | 552 |
556 | |
559 | |
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Common terms and phrases
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