the mountains of the Andes. This service not only obtained him the government of Chili, but also the princess Clara Beatrix Coya in marriage, the only daughter and heiress of the Inca Sayri Tupac. He arrived at Valparaiso in 1593, with a respectable body of troops, and immediately proceeded to Santiago, where he was received with every testimony of joy by the citizens.

MECA

CHAPTER VI.

The Toqui Paillamachu kills Loyola the Governor, and destroys all the Spanish Settlements in Arau

cania.

After the death of Paillaeco, the Araucanians appointed to the chief command the hereditary Toqui of the second Uthalmapu, called Paillamachu, a man of a very advanced age, but of wonderful activity. Fortune, commonly supposed not to be propitious to the old, so far favoured his enterprises, that he surpassed all his predecessors in military glory, and had the singular felicity of restoring his country to its ancient state of independence. No sooner was he invested with the supreme power, than he appoint

ed Pelantaru and Millacalquin, two officers not inferior to himself in merit, to the important charge of Vice Toqui, deviating in this instance from the established custom, which allowed only one lieutenant to the general. As the Araucanian force was, however, greatly diminished, he imitated the example of Antiguenu, and withdrew to the marshes of Lumaco, where he applied himself to form an army capable of executing his extensive plans.

Loyola, after having regulated the police of the capital, proceeded to Conception in order to attend to the business of the war. Paillamachu took advantage of this opportunity to send an officer, under pretence of complimenting him, to obtain information of his character and designs. Antipillan, who was charged with this commission, showed himself worthy of the trust reposed in him by the general. In the frequent conferences which the governor held with him, he endeavoured to impress him with an idea of the great power and immense resources of his sovereign, insinuating a necessity of the Araucanians coming to an accommodation. The ambassador, pretending to be convinced by his reasonings, replied: "We are not ignorant of the power of your prince, which extends from the east to the west. But we are not to be despised, for although we are but a small people, we have nevertheless hitherto resisted his immense power. Your ideas respecting peace are very different from ours. By peace we understand an entire cessation of hostilities, which is to be followed by a complete renunciation on your part of any pretended right of controul over us, and

the restoration of all those lands which you have oc cupied in our territories. You, on the contrary, under that name, seek to subject us, to which we will never consent while we have a drop of blood left in our veins.”

As the governor was of a generous disposition, he could not but admire the noble sentiments of Antipillan, and dismissed him with the strongest demonstrations of esteem. But far from abandoning the posts established in the Araucanian territory, he passed the Bio-bio in 1594, and founded a new city at a little distance from that river, to which he gave the name of Coya, in honour of the princess his wife. This he intended not only as a place of retreat for the inhabitants of Angol, which was in the vicinity, but also to protect the rich gold mines of Kilacoyan. He established therein a municipal magistracy, and adorned it with several churches and monasteries, and in order to render it more secure, constructed two castles in front of it, called Jesus and Chivecura, which protected both shores of the river.

Paillamachu, solicitous of destroying this rising establishment, which reflected dishonour upon his command, in 1595 gave orders to Loncothequa, one of his captains, to take the fort of Jesus. This officer, after having burned one part of it, and twice penetrated into the other, was killed before he completed the enterprise. The Araucanian general be gan at length in 1596 to harrass with frequent incursions the Spanish districts, both to subsist his troops and habituate them to a military life. The Spanish army in vain went in pursuit of him; he

always took care to avoid it, resolving to reserve his force for a more favourable occasion.

Finding no other means to restrain him, Loyola erected in the neighbourhood of his encampment two forts, one upon the ancient site of that of Puren, and the other on the very borders of the marshes of Lumaco. These he garrisoned with the greater part of a reinforcement of troops which at that time he received from Peru, and sent the remainder, in 1597, to found an establishment in the province of Cujo, under the name of St. Louis de Loyola, which still exists, although in a miserable condition, notwithstanding the advantages of its situation.

Paillamachu soon took by storm the fortress of Lumaco, and gave the charge of reducing that of Puren to Pelantaru and Millacalquin. Having in ten days reduced the garrison to extremity, these officers, agreeably to the instructions of their general, retired on the arrival of a reinforcement of Spaniards under the command of Pedro Cortez, who had obtained great reputation in that war. The governor, nevertheless, shortly after arriving there with the rest of the army, ordered the fortifications to be demolished, and the garrison to be transferred to Angol, fearing to expose it to the fate of that of Lu-maco. He then proceeded to Imperial, to secure that city in the best possible manner against the increasing strength of the enemy.

After having repaired the fortifications of Imperial, and also those of Villarica and Valdivia, he returned to the Bio-bio under an escort of three hundred men, whom he ordered back as soon

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as he thought himself in a place of security, retaining with him, besides his own family, only sixty. half-pay officers and three Franciscan friars. Paillamachu, who had secretly watched his motions, and followed him with two hundred soldiers, conceived this a favourable opportunity to put his designs in execution. Accordingly finding him encamped in the pleasant valley of Caralava, he fell upon him, while he was asleep on the night of the 22d of November 1598, and killed him with alt his retinue. It would seem that the Araucanian general had formed confident hopes of the success of this bold enterprise, since, in consequence of his. previous instructions, in less than forty-eight hours after this event, not only the Araucanian provinces but those of the Cunchese and Huilliches were in arms, and the whole of the country to the Archipelago of Chiloé. Every Spaniard who had the misfortune of being found without the garrisons was put to death; and the cities of Osorno, Valdivia, Villarica, Imperial, Canete, Angol, Coya, and the fortress of Arauco, were all at once invested with a close siege. Not content with this, Paillamachu, without loss of time, crossed the Bio-bio, burned the cities of Conception and Chillan, laid waste the provinces in their dependence, and returned loaded with spoil to his country.

On the first receipt of this melancholy news at the capital, the inhabitants, filled with consternation, abandoned themselves to despair, and agreed with one voice to quit the country and retire to Peru. As they had, however, some confidence in Pedro