THE PANDYANS. The Sanskrit name Pándya is written in Tamil Pándiya, but the more complete Tamilised form Pándi is still more commonly used all over Southern India. I derive Pándya, not from the Tamil and Malayalam Pandu, "ancient," though that is a very tempting derivation, but from the Sanskrit Páṇḍu, the name of the father of the five Páṇḍava brothers. This very form Pandya, in the sense of a descendant of Pándu, is mentioned, as I am informed by Professor Max Müller, by Kátyáyana, the immediate successor of Pánini.-History of Tinnevelly, Chap. I., page 12, BOUNDARIES OF THE PANDYAN COUNTRY. There are certain geographical stanzas current in Tamil which give the boundaries and extent of the three Tamil kingdoms-the Chera, Chola, and Pándya. According to the stanzas relating to the Pándya kingdom, its boundaries were the river Vettáru to the north, Kumari (Cape Comorin) to the south, the sea (that is, the Gulf of Mannár and Palk Strait or the Bay of Tonde) to the east, and the "great highway" to the west.-Ibid, Chap. II., page 24. PANDYA KINGS. When the Dravidas are mentioned as distinct from the Cholas, as they sometimes are in the Mahábhárata and the Puránas, the Pandyas must be meant.-Ibid, Chap. II., page 26. THE CHOLA OCCUPATION. The occupation of the entire Pándya country by the Cholas is not even alluded to in the Madura Purána, nor is the name of any of the Chola kings contained in the Madura lists. This could not have been owing to the Purána having been composed and the lists completed before the Chola occupation commenced, for the last king in the lists, Kubja or Sundara, reigned, long after, probably 200 years after, the reign of the first Chola who ruled over the Pandyan kingdom, Rájendra Chola, who commenced to reign in 1064 A.D. It is uncertain whether Rájendra Chola gained the sovereignty of the Pandya country by conquest or by voluntary cession, but I think it could not have been by conquest, for in two inscriptions belonging to his reign, which I found in an old temple near Cape Comorin, one dated in the fourth year of his reign and the other in the fifth, a victory, said to have been achieved by him over A'hava Malla (a Jaina king of the Calukya race) on the banks of the Tunga-bhadra, is recorded.—Ibid, Chap. II., page 28. KING KULASEKHARA. There seems reason for placing at this period in this list of Chola-Pándya kings a king called Kulasekhara-Deva, who may possibly be the Kules-Dewar who, according to the Muhammadan historians, immediately preceded Sundara Pandya, and was indeed, according to them, his father. I have seen many of Kulasekhara's inscriptions in Tinnevelly; there is one on the walls of the Tinnevelly temple. There are also two in Sir Walter Elliot's collection, which were found at Tiruppuvanam in the Madura District, but in none is he styled either Chola or Pándya, but always simply Kulasekhara-Deva. It is uncertain whether there were two princes of the name, or only one. One person of the name is represented by the Sinhalese as having been conquered by them about 1173 A.D., another as having conquered them and carried away the sacred Tooth-relic about 1310 A.D. The impression, however, is left in my mind that there was only one prince of this name, who must have been a great prince ruling over a wide extent of territory, seeing that Sir Walter Elliot found an inscription of his in the Chalukya country.-Ibid, Chap. II., page 30. Abhayagiri, a monastic establish- Abhayasíva, a prince. C. 41, v. 69. Acchasela, S. Valas-pauwa, a moun- Aciravati, a channel. C. 79, v. 52. Adam's Peak, p. 146, n. 294, n. A'di-malaya, a military chief. C.59, A'dipáda, passim; it is throughout rendered "chief governor," next v. 193. Agati, p. 349, n. C. 41, Aggabodhi, a prince; S. Akbo or Aggabodhi, a prince. C. 48, vv.58, Aggabodhi VII. C. 48, vv. 68, 81. Aggabodhi, a governor of Malaya Adho-kúra, S. Yaṭikiruwá, a village. Akalanká Náḍálvár. C. 77, vv. 18, Akarabhaṇḍu, S. Akarahaḍuva, a A kásagangá. C. 79, vv. 24-27. 2-4. A'láhana Pariveņa. C. 78, v. 48. A'lakamandá. C. 39, v. 5; c. 74, Alakhiya Rayar. C. 76, vv. 146-149. A'lavándap Perumál. C, 76, vv. 146- A'lavánagiri, in India. C. 77, v. 12. A lisaraka, S. Elisara, a district. Aloka-Lena, S. Alu Vihára. C. 98, Alu Vihára, p. 341, n. Amarávati. C. 80, v. 5. C. 42, Ambala, a tank. C. 68, v. 46; c. 79, Ambamála, S. Ambamal Vehera, a Amba Sámanera, S. Amba Herana. C. 39, v. 21. Ambavápi, S. Ambaveva, a tank. a Ambilápika, S. Ambalapa, a village. C. 44, v. 97. Ambillapadara, S. Embul-padara, a Ananta-pokkharani, a bath or pond. Añcukoṭṭa-Nádálvár. C. 76, vv. 94-98. Andhakára, a village. C. 46, v. 13. Andu, a village. C. 59, v. 5. v. 169. Aníkanga, a prince. C. 61, v. 40. Anivalak-koṭṭa. C. 76, vv. 190, 191. Antaraganga Vihára, S. Aturugam Antarabhandaka, a ford. C. 71, v. 50. Antara-sobbha, a place. C. 48, v. 4. Antaraviṭṭhi. C. 60, v. 68. C. 61, Antureļi, a village. C. 46, vv. 12, 13. v. 2; c. 57, v. 12 ; c. 59, v. 8 ; c. 70, Anuráráma Vihára, a temple at Roha- Appamaññá. C. 39, v. 18. A'rakkha-kamma-nátha, a chief. C. A'rakkhaka-sańkha, a chief. C. 72, A'rámamariyádaka, a village. C. 48, C. 49, v. 17. Arikára Vihára. C. 49, v. 32. Arimaddana, city. C. 80, v. 6. Ariṭṭha-pabbata. C. 50, v. 63. Asuras. C. 39, v. 23, c. 96, vv. 39, 40. Attanagalla, p. 290, n.; 299. n. Aṭṭhasahassa, S. Aṭadás. C. 61, v. 24. A'vandiya Ráyar. C. 76, vv. 146, 149. A'yasmanta, a chief minister. C. 80, Ayoddhya, p. 92 n.; 343, n. Ayojjha, city of Siam. C. 98, v. 93 ; Ayujjha, Oude. C. 56, v. 14. Badaguna, a place. C. 74, v. 126. C. 58, v. 43; c. 65, vv. 4-7. S. Baduluta- Badaravalli, S. Debaravel, a village. S. Debarabé̟mána. Baddha Símá. C. 100, vv. 128, 129. Balakkára, a prince of Sińhapura. Balangoda, p. 223, n. Balapásána, S. Balagala. C. 75, v. 5. Báláva, a village. Č. 46, vv. 12, 13. Barabbala, a place. C. 74, v. 51. v. 82. Bhagirathi. C. 79, v. 50. Bhallátaka, S. Badulu Vehera, a Bhandika Pariveņa. C. 52, v. 58. Bhattasúpa, S. Batsú, a village. Bhavini-siddhi, tantric charms. C. Bhelagáma, S. Belgama, a village. Bhesajja Mañjúsá. C. 97, v. 62. Bhillapataka, S. Belpatkaḍa, a place. Bhímarája. C. 59; v. 46. Bhimatittha Vihára, Bentota Vihára. C. 85, vv. 76-83; c. 86, vv. 16, 17. Bhúta, a monastery. C. 49, v. 46. a general. C. 74, Billa. C. 72, v. 155; c. 82, v. 7. Billasela, S. Beligala. C. 81, vv. 33- Bimbijálaka. C. 73, v. 98. 11; the tree, c. 44, v. 45; c. 48, v. 24 ; Bodhi-house. C. 49, v. 78; c. 90, Bodhigama, a village. C. 66, v. 78; C. 48, v. 139; c. 80, v. 32. Bowl-relic. C. 74, vv. 38, 85, 100, Brahma. C. 85, v. 14 ; c. 87, vv. 10– Brahmans. C. 48, v. 144. Brahmanagáma. C. 79, vv. 32-38. Buddha, a princess. C. 57, v. 41. Buddhadása. C. 39, v. 7, note. Buddhanatha-Mahálánadeva, a gene- Buddharája, a prince. C. 57, v. 45. Bukakalla, a village. C. 46, v. 20. Cakka. C. 81, v. 29. Cakkavála. C. 88, vv. 116-120. Cakkavatti. C. 100, vv. 35, 36. Cakra, p. 203, n. Cakravarti Rájá, p. 278, n. Cambodia, p. 229, n. Cala, a chief. C. 58, v. 16. Campeyya Játaka. C. 97, vv. 40-46. Candagiri; S. Sañdagiri Vehera. Candála. C. 66, v. 133. Candana. C. 54, v. 40. Candasálá, p. 203, n. Candi. C. 79, v. 46. Captain Gajabáhu, p. 327, n. C. 100, vv. 35, 36. C. 68, v. 43. Satunatu-veva. Cintamani Uyyána. C. 79, vv. 12, 13. Cittala-pabbata, Situlpau-vehera. C. Cittalatávana Uyyána. C. 79, v. 7. Codaganga. C. 90, vv. 32, 33. Colombo, p. 326, n. Conappoo Bandára, p. 327, n. Crow Island, p. 231, n. Corambagáma, S. C. 75, vv. 14-19. Sorambagama. Culla Dhanuddhara Játaka. C. 79, Cúlagalla Vihára, S. Sulugal Vehera. Culla, Kankunda Ráyar. C. 76, vv. 187, 188. Dakkhinagiri - dalha Vihára. C. 42, Dakkhinagiri Vihára. C. 52, v. 60. Dalla Moggallána, p. 36, n. Damila Thúpa, S. Demala Séya. C. Dalla Moggallána, S. Dala Mugalan. Dánava. C. 75, v. 55. Dáma Vihára. C. 48, v. 134. Dappula - pabbata, a vihára. C. 49, Daraaga. C. 70, v. 177. Dáru Kássapa, a minister. C. 50, v. Dárúrugáma, S. Daramagama. C. 91, Dástota, p. 301, n. Dáthá, daughter of Aggabodhi I. Dáṭhádhátu Caritta, p. 317, n. Dáthá-bhára, a general. C. 70, v. 104. mits; S. Dala-agbo. C. 42, vv. Dáthá-pabhuti, S. Dápulu. C. 41, Dáthásíva, a monk, C. 42, v. 22; Dáṭhópatissa. C. 45, vv. 22, 78, 79 ; Deduru-oya, p. 147, n. Demaṭaval, a place. C. 74, vv. 139, 142. Denavaka, p. 220, n. Devá, a princess. C. 49, v. 12. 27. Devalá, a princess. C. 57, v. |