Complaint having been made that the soldiers do appear frequently drunk and disorderly in the streets, contrary to former orders; it is Gen. Honeywood's express orders, that all officers who shall see any soldiers in that condition do immediately order them to be committed prisoners to the barrack guard of their respective troop or regiment, there to remain for the space of eight days, fed only upon bread and water, and the remainder of their pay to be stopped and distributed to the sick soldiers in the hospital.

October 13th. As my Lord Stair will soon be here to review the garrison, Gen. Howard desires that the commanding officers of each corps will inspect into the accoutrements and other things, to see that every thing be in perfect order.

October 21st.--A return to be made on Monday next, to the Brigadier of the week, of what number of effective men each corps of Horse Dragoons and Foot will bring into the field upon the King's birth-day, they being to be reviewed that day.

October 22nd.-Orders for the Horse and Dragoons :

To take all their small accoutrements to pieces and see they be very well cleaned and blacked, and then put together again.

The bosses, bits and curbs, &c., to be as bright as hands can make them. Boots to be as black as possible, and their knee-pieces not to appear above three inches above the boot-top.

All their arms to be as bright as silver, the whole buff accoutrements to be of light buff colour.

The swords to be all bright, the hats new cocked, and made as clean as possible.

The lining of those cloaks that are sullied to be washed, and in rolling the cloaks a stick to be put in the length of the roll, and three straps to each cloak.

The horses to be trimmed and made as clean as possible, the bridoons to be all cleaned.

The pouches of the Dragoons to hang all of an equal size, one not higher than another.

Care to be taken that the men do not ride too long.

No officer to stir from his post during his being in the field, and that they do all appear in their regimentals, and wear their sashes over their shoulders.

Their clothes to be well cleaned and mended, if wanting, and their coats to be hooked back.

The lace of their hats to be washed, cleaned, and set on again, and the hats to be well cocked.

The buff accoutrements to be clean, and to be all of the same colour, and those of the 2nd regiment to serve as a pattern to the rest.

The men to appear in clean white gaiters, clean shirts, and the cravats well rolled.

Their arms to be as bright as silver, and their scabbards to be put in good order and well blacked.

Their hair to be powdered, but not too much.

The officers to appear in regimentals, and to wear their sashes over their shoulders.

October 25th.-On the review the officers are to be in all their regimentals, with scarves, gorgets with blue ribbon, buff-coloured gloves, drop wigs, gaiters with black leather garters.

October 29th.-Order of march for October 30th :-
:-

Major-Gen. Hawley's to begin the march of the left wing with Sir Robert Ricks at eight in the morning, and go the Dendermonde road till they come opposite the end of the meadow, and then take up the ground allotted for the corps that are to form the left wing, viz.

Sir Robert Ricks's

Major-General Cope's Dragoons.
The King's Regiment

Major-Gen. Ligonier's Horse.

The Horse and Grenadier Guards.

The Royal Regiment of Horse Guards.

Lord Albermarle is to march the Horse Guards, and to follow the blue regiment. That the three regiments of Foot Guards line the ramparts from Courtray Gate to Brussels Gate. The first regiment to march off first from the field, when they have passed my Lord Stair, and to draw up on the right next to Courtray Post, the third regiment to follow them, and the second to follow the third, so that the left of the second may be at Brussels Gate.

A detachment of Captain, Lieutenant and Cornet, with a standard and fifty Dragoons to be at the Governor's at four o'clock this evening, as a guard to the two Princes of Hesse.

Another guard of the same number to be ready for Marshal Nieuperg, but not to stir out of their barracks till further orders.

Capt. Leslie and the Earl of Rothes are declared Aide-de-Camps for the week to the Earl of Stair.

The battalion to be under arms to-morrow at half an hour after seven in the morning precisely, in the barracks; the officers in all their regimentals, with scarves, gorgets with blue ribbon, buff-coloured gloves, drop wigs, gaiters with black leather garters; the men in every thing conformable to the orders before given, perfectly clean and in good order, neither officers nor soldiers to put on their spatterdashes till they come to the place of review. October 30th, 1742.-St. George et Londres.

Field-officer for the day, Lieut.-Col. Bockland.

Lord Amherst Aide-du-Camp to Major-Gen. Ligonier, and is to be observed as such.

October 31st, 1742.-As my Lord Stair has seen with great pleasure the great beauty of all his Majesty's forces, both horse and foot, he is persuaded that the troops he has not seen are answerable to the sample he has seen, and that there is nothing wanting to make that body of troops irresistible, but that the flourishing youths of which the different corps are composed should vie with one another to excel in their exactness in doing their duty; in which case the British troops will soon acquire the reputation of excelling in order and discipline, as they have already the fame of surpassing other troops in vigour and beauty.

My Lord Stair expects that the officers will pique themselves to stay in quarters this winter, and that no officer will desire to be absent but in case of necessity. In that case my Lord Stair flatters himself that very early in the spring his Majesty will find an army worthy of putting himself at the head of.

MEMOIRS OF GENERAL OFFICERS RECENTLY DECEASED.

GENERAL THE EARL OF CHATHAM, K.G.

HIS LORDSHIP was appointed Captain in the Army 30th of June, 1799; Captain in the 86th Foot, 30th of September following; Colonel in the Army, 12th of October, 1793; Major-General the 26th of February, 1795; Colonel of the 4th Foot the 5th of December, 1799; Lieutenant-General the 29th of April, 1802; and General 1st of January, 1812.

Lord Chatham served, during the last American war, on the continent of Europe; at Gibraltar; in the expedition to the Helder; and commanded the expedition to Walcheren in 1809. In 1788 he was made First Lord of the Admiralty, in which office he continued till December, 1794; in 1796 he was

1835.]

GENERAL OFFICERS RECENTLY DECEASED.

President of the Cabinet Council, which he held till 1801, when he was appointed Master-General of the Ordnance, which he held till 1806.

In addition to the Colonelcy of the 4th Foot, his Lordship was for some years Governor of Jersey; and since 1820 he held the government of Gibraltar.

During the administration of his Lordship's brother, Mr. Pitt, Lord Chatham was always consulted, and his opinion had considerable influence in regard to the military operations of the British government of that period; but he was never employed in the capacity of Commander-in-Chief until after the demise of Mr. Pitt, when the Walcheren Expedition was intrusted to his Lordship.

Lord Chatham died on the morning of Thursday, the 24th of September last, at one o'clock, at his house, No. 10, Charles-street, Berkeleysquare, at the advanced age of 80.

FOREIGN MISCELLANY.

FRANCE.

THE STAFF.

THE Composition of the French Staff has been fixed on the subsequent footing. It consists of two classes, the Active (Cadre d'Activité) and the Veteran (Cadre de Veterance). The active class is to contain, in time of peace, 240 general officers, namely, 80 lieutenant-generals and 160 majorgenerals: the officers of this class, whatever may be the length of their services, are to be transferred to the Veteran class, from the day on which lieutenant-generals attain their 66th, and major-generals their 63rd year. The only exceptions to be such lieutenant-generals as hold appointments conferring the rank of commander-in-chief, and have filled such appointments. The yearly pay to be allowed to officers in the Veteran class is fixed at 2807. (7000 francs) for lieutenant-generals, and 2007. for majorgenerals. The officers of this class may, in time of peace, be employed, concurrently with those in the Active class, in Military Schools, on the Recruiting Service, in the Reserve, on the Re-mount Service, &c.; and certain stated allowances are to be made them when so employed. In time of war, officers of the Veteran class may be appointed to military divisions and sub-divisions, as substitutes for generals belonging to the Active class, who may be called out upon field-service: in short, they may be employed upon any kind of service at home.

HUNGARY.

A permanent military force, consisting of Regiments of the Line and Frontier Regiments, is constantly kept up. Besides this corps, Hungary in reserve, which is called out upon a royal has its noble "Insurrection rescript, on extraordinary occasions. In the year 1741, the kingdom raised at its own expense, as part of this "Insurrection," six additional Regiments of Infantry, amounting to 21,622 rank and file, without reckoning the Noble Cavalry, the numbers of which are not known. During the wars arising out of the French Revolution, the "Insurrection" was repeatedly called out. The levies we made in 1797, to the extent of 17,969 Cavalry, and 3,556 Infantry; in 1800, to that of 10,778 Cavalry, and 26,606 Infantry; and in 1809, to that of 17,214 Cavalry, and 21,230 Infantry. This corps may be ordered across the frontiers, but if it be not doing service within them, the States of Hungary are not bound to maintain it. It was the special duty of the nobility of the kingdom to defend their own country: this duty was assigned to them from a remote date, and was the recognized title to the immunities which they enjoy. But in more modern times it was 2 M found that the nobility could not, or would not, keep their part of the conU. S. JOURN, No. 85, Dec. 1835.

tract; and thence arose the establishment of a standing army, which was first set on foot in the year 1715. It is composed of 12 Regiments of Infantry, and 10 of Hussars and other Cavalry, and consisted, at its full complement, of 60,000 rank and file. In time of war, however, its strength is considerably augmented, and, in that case, the regular military force raised in Hungary may be estimated at upwards of 100,000 men, including the supernumerary "Vaquant" Regiments of Infantry.

Independently of the military resources, to which we have thus briefly referred, there are 13 Frontier Regiments, and a battalion of Csaikists, and 4 Regiments of Infantry, and I of Hussars, maintained in Transsylvania. Their united strength is computed by Hietzinger ("Frontier Statistics," sec. i. p. 253) at 43,000 men in time of peace, and 62,000 in time of war; the latter was at least their strength in the year 1815.

From these data it would appear that the whole military force of Hungary, inclusive of Transsylvania, is composed of

In War. 100,000

40,000

43,000

43,000

103,000

183,000

In time of war, there have however existed pressing emergencies, when the two countries have altogether raised as many as 232,000 men.

RUSSIA.

CRADLE OF THE RUSSIAN NAVY.

The first officers in the Russian Navy, who received anything like a scientific education, were formed about the middle of the seventeenth century, by Marcus Martinovich, a celebrated Venetian commander, and a native of Perasto, in the province of Cattaro, on the Adriatic. When Peter the Great set out upon his tour to the leading capitals of Europe, he addressed himself to the government of republican Venice, and solicited them to permit several young men belonging to the most distinguished families in Russia to take up their residence in Venice, and study those branches of science which might fit them to become skilful naval officers; at the same time that they might one day be enabled to assist the republic in contending against the Turk, who was then the most formidable adversary by whom the cause of Christianity was menaced. The Venetian Senate, who were not a little proud of the distinction thus conferred upon them, not only fitted up a palace for the accommodation of the young Russians, but appointed Marcus Martinovich director of their studies. The talents and winning deportment of the tutor acquired him the love and confidence of his pupils, and the progress they made under him greatly exceeded the expectations of their Sovereign. In order to combine practice with theory, the Senate, after a while, fitted out a small fleet for their use, and placed it under the unlimited control of Martinovich. The whole establishment was embarked on board of it, and their first trip was to the place of his birth on the Gulf of Cattaro, where they went through their first naval exercises in the narrow straits between the islands on that coast; this done, they passed down the Adriatic and visited the shores of the Me literranean in every direction. Upon their return to Venice, Martinovich pronounced his pupils perfectly competent to enter upon their professional duties, and was not only rewarded handsomely by the Senate, but participated largely in the Czar's liberality. He died soon afterwards, viz. on the 28th October, 1716, in the fifty-third year of his age. Five years before his death, he had a large picture painted in which his own portrait and that of his pupils were introduced. It is well executed, and represents him sitting at table in a black dress, with his head uncovered, and a globe, a hydrographical chart, and a compass on the table. Three of his pupils are standing by his side; the remaining thirteen are sitting and engaged in studying. On one side

of this painting, the artist has given us the names of the young men; and among them are Abraham Fedorovich (the Empress's brother), three of the Gallitzins, an Ivanovitch, and a Repnia. When Martinovich's male line became extinct, the heiresses of the family property made a present of the painting to the town of Perasto, and it was placed in the principal apartment of the town hall, where it is now to be seen.-(From a letter of Count Fedor von Karaczah.)

EGYPT.

Sheikh Refàah, who was educated at the Egyptian school in Paris, has been commissioned not only to translate several French publications for the school of artillery established at Tourah, but to teach geography to a class of Arab pupils in the College of Casr-el-Ain. The Geographical Manual,' which he has written for their use, has, by the Pasha's directions, been printed in the Turkish language for the benefit of the Turks themselves. At an examination of the pupils in question by Colonel Seguerra, a Spanish officer, who is at the head of the school of artillery, it appears that the subjects on which they were examined extended to descriptive geography, cosmography, and physical, scriptural, political, and historical geography. The schools connected with the military profession, at present established in Egypt, are a school of geometry in Cairo; a school of geography in the same town; an academy for geometry, engineering, and fortification, in which M. Malus, a distinguished French officer, is head-teacher, at Salibé, one of the suburbs of Cairo; a school for mathematics and for the European and Oriental languages at Ibrahim Pasha's palace near Casr-el-Ain; in the Isle of Roudah there is a chemical school for teaching that portion of chemistry which is subservient to the manufacture of gunpowder; at Gizeh is a cavalry school, both theoretical and practical; at Tourah, a school of artillery, the course of study being geometry during the first year, and the art of design, arithmetic, and geometry during the second. Colonel Seguerra, the head of this establishment, is director also of studies to the regiments of foot and horse-artillery, and superintends the private instruction given to the field-officers and subalterns, whom he examines at stated times. At El-khauka there is a school for the infantry; at Abu-Zabel a medical school, a veterinary establishment, and a chemical and pharmaceutical school, the whole three being well conducted; and at Boulak, the palace of the late Ismail Pasha has been fitted up as a military college on the French model, and is now designated the Polytechnic School of Cairo. The youth admitted into it are to be taught the several sciences connected with the military profession, and will go through a four years' course of study. There are ten professors and interpreters attached to it. The following is the plan of study to be pursued in this college:

First year; 4th class.-Arithmetic and plane geometry, drawing, geography and history, and the Arabian, Turkish, Persian, and French lan

guages.

Second year; 3rd class.-Trigonometry, mensuration, and descriptive geometry, algebra, statics, drawing, geography, and history, with the same languages as in the 4th class.

Third year; 2nd class.-Rectilinear and spherical trigonometry, algebra to the second degree inclusive, statics and dynamics, experimental philosophy, drawing and linear perspective, and the same languages as before.

Fourth year; 1st class.-Analytical geometry, hydrostatics and physical hydronamics, chemistry, mineralogy, and cosmography; drawing plans, surveying, and the same languages as before.

No pupils but those intended for the public service will be admitted, and their numbers are limited to 200.

To this detail it may be added, that Mehemed has established three schools in Syria.