THE

HISTORY

OF

ARABIA.

ANCIENT AND MODERN.

CONTAINING

A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY-AN ACCOUNT OF ITS INHABITANTS,
ANTIQUITIES, POLITICAL CONDITION, AND EARLY COMMERCE-THE
LIFE AND RELIGION OF MOHAMMED THE CONQUESTS, ARTS, AND
LITERATURE OF THE SARACENS-THE CALIPHS OF DAMASCUS, BAGDAD,
AFRICA, AND SPAIN-THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT AND RELIGIOUS CERE-
MONIES OF THE MODERN ARABS-ORIGIN AND SUPPRESSION OF THE
WAHABEES-THE INSTITUTIONS, CHARACTER, MANNERS, AND CUS-
TOMS OF THE BEDOUINS-AND A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF ITS NATU-

BAL HISTORY.

BY ANDREW CRICHTO NBY

MERCANTILE LIBRARY

WITH A MAP AND ENGRAVINGS.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

NEW-YORK:

PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS,

NO. 82 CLIFF-STREET.

1 8 3 4.

DS223

Ciz

V.

ENGRAVINGS IN VOL. II.

VIGNETTE. View of the South Quarter of Mocha.
An Arab of Rank in the Costume of Yemen.
Mecca and the Grand Temple during the Pilgrimage.
Convent of El Bourg near Tor

Abdallah ibn Saoud, Chief of the Wahabees

A Young Female of the Coffee Mountains

Page 127

185

. 251

301

313

CONTENTS

OF

THE SECOND VOLUME.

CHAPTER I.

THE ABBASSIDES, OR CALIPHS OF BAGDAD.

Accession of the Abbassides-Caliphs of that Dynasty-Alman-

sor-Haroun al Raschid-Almamoun-Motassem-Capri-

cious Cruelty of Motawakkel-Magnificence of the Caliphs-

Weakness and Corruption of their Government-Their Mili-

tary Operations-Wars of Haroun al Raschid and his Suc-

cessors with the Romans-Victories of Nicephorus Phocas

and John Zimisces over the Moslems-Causes of the Down-

fall of the Abbassides-Despotic Power of the Turkish Guards

-Ravages and Cruelties of the Karmathians-Dismember-

ment of the Empire into independent Principalities-Persia

usurped by petty Dynasties-Conquests of Mahmoud of

Ghizni in India-Irruptions of the Tartars-Togrul Beg ap-

pointed Viceroy of the Mohammedan Dominions-Hooliku

lays Siege to Bagdad-Surrender and Pillage of that Capital

-Death of Mostasem and Extinction of the Caliphate Page 9

CHAPTER II.

CALIPHS OF AFRICA, EGYPT, AND SPAIN.

The Aglabites or Caliphs of Cairoan-Military Exploits of the

Western Arabs-Reduction of Crete-Conquest of Sicily-

Invasion of Italy-Pillage of Rome-Siege of Gaeta-Naval

Victory of the Christians-Subjugation of Corsica and Sardi-

nia by the Saracens-Expulsion of the Aglabites-Moorish

Kingdom of Timbuctoo-Dynasty of the Fatimites in Egypt

-Their Subversion by Saladin, Founder of the Ayubites-

Dynasty of the Ommiades in Spain founded by Abdalrahman

Their Power and Magnificence-Extinction of the Caliph-