"The arms of Cyrus shone with brightness like a mirror."-XEN. Cyrop. 1. vII. c. 1. As you have been holding the mirror, I am afraid that your hand may smell of silver, and that Philolaches may suspect you have been receiving silver elsewhere.' PLAUT. Mostel. act. I. sc. 3. "Pure silver was formerly used for the purpose of making mirrors. The best mirrors in the times of our ancestors were those of Brundisium, composed of a mixture of stannum and copper."-PLIN. Hist. nat. 1. XXXIII. c. 45. "The great Demosthenes, the better to form his action, used to plead before a large mirror. For though mirrors perhaps do not always reflect the truest images, yet he was resolved to judge, as well as he could, from what he saw himself.” QUINTIL. Inst. Or. 1. I. c. 3. EXODUS XL. 15. Their anointing shall be an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations. "An Augur, though he be convicted of the most heinous crimes, is never deprived of his office during his lifetime."—PLUT. Quæst. Rom. 99. 66 Romulus was the first who established the Arval priesthood at Rome. This dignity is only ended with life itself, and whether in exile or in captivity, it always attends its owner."-PLIN. Hist. nat. 1. XVIII. c. 3. taken "The office of Augur is especially sacred on this account, that it can only be away with life itself."-PLIN. Epist. 1. IV. ep. 8. LEVITICUS I. 5. And he shall kill the bullock before the Lord and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall bring the blood, and sprinkle the blood round about upon the altar that is by the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. The Priest, (at Athens) besprinkled all over with blood, takes out the entrails, plucks out the heart, and pours the blood upon the altar."-LUCIAN. de sacrif. c. 13. "The tender firstlings of my woolly breed Shall on the holy altar often bleed."-VIRG. Ecl. 1. v. 7. LEVITICUS II. 1. And when any will offer a meat offering unto the Lord, his offering shall be of fine flour; and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon. The custom of burning frankincense in honour of the gods was very general among ancient nations. In Calypso's grotto "Cedar and frankincense, an odorous pile Flamed on the hearth and wide perfumed the isle." HOм. Odyss. 1. v. v. 60. "Pure oil and incense on the fire they throw "Offer the frankincense to the propitious gods of the family." Ov. Fast. 1. II. v. 625. "If the sea will give me no rest on my voyage, why should I offer the useless frankincense to Neptune ?"-IBID. de Pont. 1. II. ep. 9. "In the time of the Trojan war incense was not used when sacrificing to the gods; indeed people knew of no other smell, or rather stench, I may say, than that of the cedar and the citrus, shrubs of their own growth, as it arose in volumes of smoke from the sacrifices."-PLIN. Hist. nat. 1. XIII. c. 1. "Offer to Jove the pious incense.”—MART. 1. XIII. epig. 4. Augustus ordered that every senator, before he took his seat in the house, should pay his devotions with an offering of frankincense and wine at the altar of that god in whose temple the senate then assembled."-SUET. Cos. Aug. c. 35. 4. And if thou bring an oblation of a meat offering baken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil. In the festival called compitalia "The sacrifices presented consisted of honey-cakes (réλavo)." DION. HALIC. Antiq. 1. rv. c. 14. "Numa enacted that spelt is not in a pure state for offering except when it is parched."-PLIN. Hist. nat. 1. XVIII. c. 2. "At the present day even, the sacrifices in conformity with the ancient rites, as well as those offered up on birthdays, are made with parched pottage."-IBID. 1. XVIII. c. 19. 11. No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the Lord, shall be made with leaven for ye shall burn no leaven, nor any honey, in any offering of the Lord made by fire. Circe the enchantress thus instructs Ulysses before his descent to the infernal regions "To all the shades around libations pour, And o'er th' ingredients strew the hallowed flour; New wine and milk with honey tempered bring, And living water from the crystal spring."-HOм. Odyss. 1. x. v. 519. The ghost of Clytemnestra, addressing the sleeping Furies, says "Oft have ye tasted My temperate offerings mix'd with fragrant honey, Grateful libations: oft the hallow'd feast Around my hearth, at midnight's solemn hour, When not a god shar'd in your rites."-EscH. Eumen. v. 107. Where, on the grassy surface, to the powers A welcome offering flows, with honey mix'd, The limpid stream."-SOPH. Edip. Colon. v. 159. "Water, with honey mixed, pour on the earth."-IBID. v. 481. "The Persian Magi sacrifice to water, pouring oil mixed with milk and honey upon the earth."-STRAB. I. XV. c. 3. "With each revolving spring I bear My pious duty to the grateful soil My humble offerings, honey, meal, and oil."-Juv. Sat. xvI. v. 37. LEVITICUS V. 1. And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity. Edipus adjures the Thebans : "I speak to all the citizens of Thebes, If any know the murderer of Lais, Let him reveal it; I command you all. But if there be who knows the murderer, And yet conceals him from us, mark his fate, Which here I do pronounce: let none receive, Throughout my kingdom, none hold converse with him, Nor offer prayer, nor sprinkle o'er his head The sacred cup; let him be driven from all, By all abandoned and by all accursed."-SOPH. Edip. Rex, v. 228. 5. And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing: "In my opinion the only means of mollifying a crime is a free acknowledgment thereof, and the giving manifest signs of penitence."-ARR. Exped. Alex. 1. 7. c. 29. LEVITICUS VI. 13. The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar; it shall never go out. The Chaldæans and Persians, and after them the Greeks and Romans, had sacred hearths on which they preserved a perpetual fire. In the temple of Apollo Carneus at Cyrene the fire upon the altar was never suffered to be extinguished: the same is related of the sacred fire in the temple of Aderbain in Armenia: the Caimachita of India also maintained a perpetual fire. Pausanias mentions the lamp of Minerva Polias, at Athens, which never went out; and many of the Romans maintained a constant fire, not only in the temple, but in their private houses. "ORESTES: I will approach his shrine, his sacred throne, "The living light In Prytaneum burns both day and night."-THEOCR. Idyll. XXI. v. 36. "Where Scorpio to the south his claw expands, Burning with constant fire an altar stands."—ARAT. Phæn. v. 402. "The flames unceasing deck thy hallowed shrine And breathe sweet odours to thy power divine." CALLIM. H. in Apoll. v. 84. "The Persians have certain large shrines, called Pyretheia. In the middle of these is an altar, on which is a great quantity of ashes, where the Magi maintain an unextinguished fire."-STRAB. 1. XV. c. 3. "Upon the rock (at Athens) is the temple of Minerva, and the ancient shrine of Minerva Polias, in which is the never extinguished lamp."-IBID. 1. IX. c. 1. "Antiochus extinguished the lamp which was burning in the temple at Jerusalem, and which was called by the Jews immortal (åbávarov)."-DIOD. SIC. 1. XXXIV, fragm. "The burning lamp (in the temple of Jupiter Ammon, in Egypt) never goeth out."-PLUT. de defect. orac. c. 2. "To Numa is ascribed the sacred establishment of the Vestal Virgins, and the whole service with respect to the perpetual fire, which they watch continually." PLUT. Num. c. 9. "The Persians sacrifice to fire, supplying it with aliment, and at the same time exclaiming, O sovereign ruler Fire, eat."-MAX. TYR. diss. 38. The ghost of Hector brings to Æneas "The eternal fire from the altar."-VIRG. En. 1. II. v. 297. "This temple of Vesta is the place in which the palladium is kept, and the perpetual fire."-Ov. Trist. 1. III. eleg. 1. "The fire that has never been extinguished lies hidden in the temple. Neither Vesta nor fire has any likeness."-IBID. Fast. 1. vi. v. 29. "The extinction of the fire in the temple of Vesta, for which the vestal who had the watch for that night was whipped to death, struck more terror into men's minds than all the other ominous and preternatural appearances."-LIV. 1. xvíш. c. 11. Basely forgetful of the Roman name, The heaven-descended shields, the vestal flame Those emblems which the Fates with boundless empire crown!" HOR. 1. III. carm. 5. "They preserve the fire unextinguished on the sacred hearth." SIL. ITAL. 1. III. v. 29. LEVITICUS IX. 24. And there came a fire out from before the Lord, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat. "So they, obedient to their heavenly sire, But carried to the shrine no spark of fire On them the supplicated power Rain'd from his yellow cloud a golden shower."-PIND. Olymp. VII. v. 87. "If the perpetual fire in the temples happen by any accident to be put out, it is not to be lighted again from another fire, but new fire is to be obtained by drawing a pure and unpolluted flame from the sunbeams; they kindle it generally with concave vessels of brass."-PLUT. Num. c. 9. - 12. See notes on I Kings XVIII. 38. LEVITICUS X. And Moses spake unto Aaron, and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar, his sons that were left, Take the meat offering that remaineth of the offerings of the Lord made by fire, and eat it without leaven beside the altar for it is most holy: 13. And ye shall eat it in the holy place, because it is thy due, and thy sons due, of the sacrifices of the Lord made by fire: for so I am commanded. "In Egypt, the sacred ministers are not obliged to consume any part of their domestic property; each has a moiety of the sacred viands ready dressed assigned him; besides a large and daily allowance of beef and geese; they have also wine, but are not permitted to feed on fish."-HDT. 1. II. c. 37. LEVITICUS XI. 6. And the hare because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you. "The Jews, it is said, abstain from eating the hare, hating and abhorring it as an unclean animal."-PLUT. Sympos. 1. iv. qu. 5. 7. And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you. 8. Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you. "The Egyptians regard the hog as an unclean animal, and if they casually touch one, they immediately plunge themselves, clothes and all, into the water." HDT. 1. II. c. 47. "Swine are never used for sacrifices in Scythia, nor will they suffer them to be kept in their country."-IBID. 1. Iv. c. 36. "Besides other observances relative to the temple of Comana, in Pontus, the purity of this enclosure is an especial object of vigilance, by abstinence from swine's flesh. The whole city indeed, is bound to abstain from this food, and swine are not permitted to enter it."-STRAB. 1. XII. c. 8. |