Ancient Ceylon

Sakka Śakra or Indra, in charge
of Ceylon, 668; guardian of E.
Ceylon, 668

Šakti, daughter of Daksha, 141
Sāli, prince, Chief in N.W. Province,
333; built wihāra, 332; inscrip-
tion, 443; love story, 443; statue,
333

Saman or Sumana, god Sakka, 13,

315; colour and emblems, 668;
guardian of E. Ceylon, 668
Samaya Yakā, 145
Sanchi, date of dāgaba, 213; bricks,

213, 214; reliefs-axe, 542, 555;
chariots, 547; shield, 544
Sandagiri dagaba, 324, 327
Sanghamitta Thūpa, 278
Sangha-Tissa, K., 280

Sangili Kanadara-waewa, 383; age,

385; size, 386; works, 385, 386
Sankha Sēnāpati, general, 254
Sanni Yakā, 144

Sarabhu, monk, built dāgaba, 315
Sarasin, Drs., discoveries of stone im-
plements, 31, 63; on their age, 64
Saraswati, goddess, a Kiri Ammā,
667

Sati not practised in Ceylon, 16
Sat Rajjuruwō, deified K. Mahā-Sēna,
28, 76, 139, 158, 170, 172
Saturankam game, 605

Saw, 557

Scabbard, 531

Schliemann, Dr. H., discovery of
earliest swastika, 491; designs on
whorls, 643, 661

Sēla caitya, 277, 343; relic-chamber
298; size, 297

Seligmann, Dr. C. G., 38, 64, 159,
316; discoveries in caves, 31, 63;
on Kande Yakā, 114; on Nãē Ya-
kās, 146; on Panikki Vaeddā, 137
Sēna, K., 305
Sēnā, Q., 425

Sēruvila dāgaba, 330; age, 331:
dedication of wihāra, 332; device
to find site, 331; deposition of
relics, 332, 497

Settlers absorbed by Vaeddas, 109
Shapes of dagabas, 336

Shark, forbidden food of kapuwas,

racy, 9; date, 10

Sinhalese, western, differ from Kan-
dians, 30; exposed to foreign
influences, 30

Silver in Vēdas, 467

Siri Kaḍawara Yaksani, Vaedda
deity, 145

Siri-Nāga, K., 280, 322
Sirivatthapura, a Vaedda town, 17,
23, 235; site of battle, 24
Siriwaḍḍhana Nuwara, 254; Daļadā
Maligawa, 258; festival of tooth
relic, 255, 260; former identifica-
tion of site, 254, 257; site, 258
Siri Yakā, 145
Sistrum, 506

Sită, a Kiri Ammā, 667

Site of dågaba found by animals, 331

Schweinfurth, Dr. G., on fire-making, Šiva, 147, 149, 206; father of Ayi-

Sea god, 138, 146; goddess, 667

yanar, 147; killed Guha, 149;
origin of his sons, 156

Skanda, 133, 143, 145; birth, 157,
206; cures sickness, 667; forest
god, 150, 169; god of hill tribes,
44; guardian deity, 499, 500,
517; guardian of S. Ceylon, 668;
temple guarded by Vaeddas, 103;
vahana, 157, 507

Skulls, Vaeddas and Sinhalese, 43
Sluice, 356, 359, 362, 365, 371, 375 ff.

385, 401 ff., 407

Smelting furnaces, ancient, 66
Smith, V. A., on date of Asōka, 456;

early coinage, 450; Purānas, 465
Smither, J. G., on dãgabas, 264, 268,
286, 288, 296, 307, 309, 312,
321; statue at Ambatthala, 320;
Thūpārāma pillars, 267

Snake, as guardian, 493, 507, 512; on
coins, 512, 516

Sohon or Sōna Yakā, 145, 667
Sokkaṭṭān game, 619

Soldiers, carvings of, 526, 534, 545
Sōma

moon, guardian against de-

mons, 4, 510

Sōmana Malaka dāgaba, 278

Sōmavati dāgaba, 330

Sōnāru game, 614

Sonnamāli Ruwanwaeli, 279
Sorabora tank, guarded by Wanni
Deviya, 159

Spear, 523, 534, 549; an amulet, 538
Spelicans, 576

Spencer and Gillen, Messrs., on fire-
making, 56
Spindle, 563

Spinning wheel, 562

Spirits, evil, mystic symbolism against

521; necessity for guarding against,
520; number in Ceylon, 521
Square on coins, 657; meaning, 647
Starvation of Yakā, 153
Statues, wooden, durability, 334
Stelae at religious edifices, 290, 499
Still, J., on coins, 490, 505; discovery
of stone implements, 63
Stilts, 630

Stone, arrow-heads, 64, 66; axes not
found in Ceylon, 66, 67; cutting,
early, 227; implements, 31, 62-65,
221; statue, early, 222
Stone-bow, 541

Sri Vikrama Rāja Sinha, K., a Baṇ-

dāra, 154

Sukara Nijjhara dam, 258

Sula, torch, a magical diagram, 517

Sword, 523, 524, 526, 530, 531, 539,
548, 549

Sword-bearer, State official, 524
Symbols, at inscriptions, 428, 430,

431, 438, 439, 441, 443, 446, 448,
449, 450, 453, 454, 516, 657; Bud-
dhist, borrowed, 519; portion
represents the whole, 659
Symbols on coins. Arched structure,
506, 507; Aum monogram, 504,
505; beads, 507; Bhairava, 515;
bident, 500; bow and arrow, 516;
bull, recumbent, 494; bull, stand-
ing, 511, 519; chatta, 500; circle,
499, 517; cobra, 500; crescent,
506, 509, 518; cross, 502, 517, 518;
dāgaba, 509; deities, 499, 517;
disk and crescent, 516; disk on
post, 501, 502; dog, 513, 519;
double triangle, 499; double tri-
sula, 501; double trident, 506;
elephant, 506, 510; figure, seated,
494 ff.; figure standing, 499; fish,
514; flower stem, 499; fly-whisk,
470, 296; frog, 514, 519; goat,
515; hand-drum, 518; horse, 514:
javelin; 500; lingam, 519; lion,
515; monastery, 519; moon, 509;
mound of beads, 509; peacock,
507; pentacle, 499; rhinoceros,
514; river, 514, 519; sistrum, 506,
507; snake, 490, 507, 512, 516;

Sōma, 510; spear, 500, 538;
square, 657; swastika, 490, 507;
sun, 501, 503, 507, 511, 512, 518;
tank, 514, 657; taurine, 511; tree,
506, 512; triangle, 506, 517; tri-
dent, 499, 519; trisūla, 506, 517;
turtle, 514; vase, 490, 506. Ex-
planation, 518; demon-scarers or
luck-bringing, 519; inserted by
traders, 520; not Buddhist, 519

Talagalla tank, 258

Talā warigē, a Vaedda clan, 113
Tamara-gala, cup-hole, 232
Tambapaņņi Māgama, 24, 235,
241; Ceylon, 235

Tanjore carvings, 5, 115, 148, 501
Tanks, on coins, 514; see reservoirs
Tantirimalei bricks, 219; monastery,

244; statues, 245, 545
Tattu keliya, 627

Taurine symbol on coins, 511, 517
Tāyam Sōṇālu game, 617

Tēkkam dam, 247; age, 249
Tennent, Sir J. E., on Mahiyangana
dāgaba, 316; on settlement of
Vaeddas in villages, 112
Tēvāndān Puliyan-kulam hill, 418;
inscriptions, 428 ff.

Theobald, W., on symbols on coins,
518

Throne, royal, 496

Thūpārāma dāgaba, 263 ff.; bricks,

217; history, 265, 266; damaged,
265, 266; inscription, 322; pillars
round, 267, 268; platform wall,
264; possibly roofed, 464, 470;
relics, 263; site and shape, 263,
272; restoration, 266
Thūpāvansa, II; account of arrival

of Bō-tree, 273

Thurston, E., on fire-making, 57
Tikā, commentary, 10
Time-reckoning absent, 84; not

mark of savage state, 109
Tissa, K., 24, 245
Tissa-waewa, 364, 365

Tissa-waewa, S., age, 386, 388;
restoration, 390; Kirindi-oya dam,
390; result of restoration, 394
Titthārāma, 300, 301
Titthawaela inscription, 442
Tiyāgasāla, son of Gaja-Bahu, 455
Tōmara, javelin, 547

Tools, ancient. Adze, 555; axe, 554 ;
bellows, 559; bill-hook, 552; chisel,
556, 557; drill, fire, 558, 655; drills,
558; hammers, 557; hoe, 555;
jumper, 556; knife, 551; lathe,
559; pickaxe, 556; pick-hammer,
556; saw, 557; sickle, 554; trowel,
556
Topographical errors, 260, 425
Topography of Anuradhapura, 270
Torches scare demons, 635

Trade, early, 236; proof of some
civilisation, 108

Tree on coins, 506, 512
Triangle on coins, 506; 517
Transliteration, 420

Trident, 538; on coins, 499, 500, 519
Trident, double, on coins, 506
Trikūța, Mt., 5, 9

Trisula, 428, 505, 517; double, 501
Trowel, 556

Tug of war ceremony, 634, 637, 638
Tumbullē Waehaera-gala, cup-holes,
231; inscription, 231

Turtle, forbidden food, 195; incar-
nation of Vishnu, 195, 196; on
coins, 514

Twig or leaf clothing, 39, 70
Twig offerings, 76, 174, 175
Types of dagabas, 336, 342

Uḍakkiya hand-drum, on coins, 518
Uḍapila, party of Pālanga, 637
Udaya, K., 266, 303

Uḍa Yakō, 137

Uma or Umayanganā, 156; a Kiri
Ammā, 667

Unāpāna Kiri Ammå or Yakini,
Vaedda deity, 137, 138

Unapāna warigē, a Vaedda clan, 113
Upatissa, K., 265; regent, 236, 242,
243

Upatissa Nuwara, 16, 243 ff.; site,
237, 245

Ürana or Ûruwa warigē, a Vaedda
clan, 113

Urāwāḍiya warige, a Vaedda clan,
113

Urukagina, K., early channel cut,
348

Uruvēla, city, 8; age, 243; site, 246 ff.,
251, 256

Uruvēla tank; probably Giant's
Tank, 251; restored, 246

Uttara piriwena, 10
Uttiya, K., 420, 454

Vaeddas. Abandonment of cave and
forest life, 31, 98, 112; abandon-
ment of hamlets, 50; activity, 41;
advent, 21, 22; amusements, 81,
83, 93; appliances sufficient, 109;
arrows, 61; attacks by bears, 69;
at Anuradhapura, 19, 25, 97, 301;
axe, 59, 66, 67, 73; bark bag, 54;
book by Vaedda, 99; bathing, 68;
blood feuds, 82; buffaloes, use of,
90, 92; bows, 59, 60; cannibalism
absent, 20; caste, high, 96, 102;
census, 38; character, 80-82;
chewing leaves, 53; civilised by
irrigation works, 84; clans, 113;
classes, 36; conclusion adopted,
III; conversation, loud, 81; cloth-
ing, 38-40, 105; cranium, 43; cult
of dead, 120, 146, 153, 167; deities,
133 ff.; deities are Yakās, 134;
demons, belief in, 42, 97, 152, 167;
description, 40-44, 46; dialect, 20,
123; distinct from Tamils, 34;
districts inhabited, 33, 36, 102,
205; domestic animals, 90; dwel-
lings, 31, 32, 48, 49; etiquette, 82;
evidence of former civilisation,
103; exogeny, 116; failure of
missions, 83; fire-making, 56;
fish-hook not used, 52; fishing, 21,
51, 68; folk-stories, 88, 93; food,
50-53; food prohibitions, 21, 51,
190, 191; forests apportioned, 74;
forest Vaeddas, 38; funerals, 119,
120; Galē Yakā, hill-god, cult of,
20, 33, 134, 178, 183, 186, 187;
Gangē Baṇḍāra, 139, 163; gestures,
89; golden utensils, 54, 106; guar-
dians of Kataragama temple, 103,
114; hair, 43-44, 47; height, 41;
home, original, 20, 34; hunting,
68 ff., 75, 76; illnesses, 82; imita-
tion of animal cries, 90; intelli-
gence, 79, 80; Kannimär, deities,
133, 151, 167; kings, early, 25,
99, 105; Kiri Ammā, goddess, 135-
137, 147, 162-165, 188, 189, 206;
Kiri Ammās, seven, 137, 150, 165,
166; knives not carried, 59; know-
ledge of Sinhalese, 96; Knox,
Capt. R., on Vaeddas, 95; lan-

51;

guage lost, 32; leaf clothing, 70;
marriage, 23, 116-118; measure of
length, 86; meat drying over fire,
50; meat preserved in honey, 72;
memory, 95; millet cake, 52;
millet growing, 50; mixed blood,
32, 33, 97; Mōhini worship, 96;
136, 137, 147, 149, 150, 156, 206;
monkeys generally eaten,
names, 121; night shooting, 77;
numbers, knowledge of, 85-88, 106;
their opinion of Sinhalese, 98;
ornaments, 47; observant nature,
70, 71, 79; political organisation,
104; pottery making and weaving
unknown, 54; pronouns lost, 87;
rank, former high, 98, 99, 101;
religion, original, 155; religious
ceremonies, 162 ff.; represented by
Kandian Sinhalese, 30; rice eaten,
53; Sea god, 138, 155; settled for-
merly in villages, 25, 31, 100, 112;
shrine, stick, 162; skin, colour of,
40; skull, dolichocephalic and
small, 43; social customs, 16, 116;
soldiers, 29, 100, 101, 549; spear,
18; starvation, 75; terms for, 20,
37, 205; time reckoning unknown,
84, 87; titles, 99-100; use of money
and guns, 68, 82; utensils, house-
hold, 53-56; vocabulary, 123;
water-drinking, 53; water-vessels,
54; weapons and tools, 59; Wija-
pāla, prince, Chiefs under, 101, 102
Vaedi Kaḍawaras, 141, 152
Vaedi Yakās, 141, 143, 145
Vajira, general, 265
Valāhassa Jātaka on Yakkhas, 18, 21
Sinhalese,
Valve-pit invented by
377 ff.,
. 379
Valliyammā, story of, 114; a Kiri
Ammā, 667

Vannakaṇņa channel, 409
Vase on coins, 493, 506

Vavunik-kuļam - Pēlivāpi, 256; age,
365; proof of Dravidian settlement,
367; size, 366

Vedic definition of wealth, 467
Vedik-kināri hill, inscriptions, 397,

Visvakarman, built two cities, 5, 354
Vaeddas;
Virchow, Prof. R., on

affinities, 20, 21, 33, 34; lowest
savages, 103; loss of language, 33,
34; skulls, 43

Virabhadra, fire-walking ceremony,

141

Viramuṇḍā Deviyā, fire-walking cere-
mony, 141

Vishnu, 147, 149, 156 ff.; defeated
Rakshasas, 6; guardian of W.
Ceylon, 668;

Mohini incarna-

tion, 136; Rāma incarnation, 6;
Turtle incarnation, 195; moun-
tain god, 136; protected Wijaya, 23
Visits of Götama Buddha, 12, 301,
425; orders to Nāgas, 310; orders
to Sakka, 668
Võharaka-Tissa, K., 280, 294, 305,
313, 315, 317, 325

Voyages, early, from India to Ceylon,
106-108

50; fish-hook not used, 52; forest
deities, 167 ff., 172; forests appor-
tioned, 74; Hat Rajjuruwō, cult of,
76, 158, 172; hunting, 68, 71, 75,
77; hunting ceremony, 167 ff.; idea
of locality, 77; imitation of animal
cries, 90; impossible to be lost, 78;
leaf or twig clothing, 70; millet
cake, 52, 75; monkeys not eaten,
51; mungus, story of, 80; names,
37; not potters or weavers, 54;
numbers, 36; royal bee-hive tak-
ing, 170; twig offerings, 76, 174
War of short-horned buffalo, 102, 143
Wasabha, K., grant of tank, 366;
married aunt, 422
Wața Yakā, 145

Waterfield, S., found dāgaba, 293
Waṭṭa Gāmiņi, K., 298, 300, 304, 403,
445, 450; arms, 524 ; built Abhaya-
giri dāgaba and wihāra, 298, 304;
built Maṇisōma dāgaba, 311

Vyādha Dēva at Anuradhapura, 19, Wax, aroma of ancient, 335
26

Vyadhas were Vaeddas, 19, 20, 37, 205

Wagas, a Tamil race, 45, 46; mode of
life, 46; names, 46
Wāhalkaḍas, 289, 295, 307; cost, 280;
purpose, 289

Walak-pussa game, 597
Wala-salli game, 626

Walker, N. M., discovered inscrip-
tion, 249

Wallace, Dr. A. R., on fire-making,
158

Wanagatta Yakā, 142, 146

Wanni Deviyā, 142, 150, 158, 159,
206; birthplace, 159; emblem and
vāhana, 159; legend, 159; pos-
sibly a Vaedda chief, 160
Wanni Kaḍayin Pota, manuscript,

site of Siriwaḍḍhana Nuwara,
259; Vaeddas, 99-101; written by
Vaedda, 99

Wanniya Baṇḍāra, forest deity of
Wanniyas, 142, 150, 158, 159, 168,
169, 172, 206
Wanniyas. Are Vaeddas, 37, 106;
arrows, 61; bow, 59, 60; Buddhists,

133; caste, good, 37; deities, 158;
description, 47; district, 36; do-
mestic animals, 90, 92; dwellings,
49, 50, 92; fire-making, 56; food,

Weapons, ancient. Armour, 524;
arrow, 525, 540; baendiwāla, 546;
battle-axe, 523, 526, 542, 549:
bident, 539, 546; bill-hook, 526,
547; bow, 523, 539, 548; club, 524,
543; cross-bow, 525; dagger, 526,
531; engines, stone-throwing, 525;
helmet, 545; itiya, 526, 532;
javelin, 523, 534; kastānē, 531,
544; ketĕriya, 542, 549; knife,
526, 531; kris, 526, 532; mace,
543; marteau, 546; quiver, 541;
scabbard, 531, 544; shield, 523,
543, 548; spear, 523, 534, 549;
stone-bow, 541; sword, 523, 526,
548; tōmara, 547; trident, 526,
528

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Ancient Ceylon: An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early ...