Lanka, name of Ceylon, 5, 242 Lankapura, capital of Rakshasas, 5; of Kuvēra, 6; Vaedda town, 23, 24 Lankarāma dagaba, built by Waṭṭa-
Language, foul, scares demons, 635, Maha Kandiya tank, 396 Mahallaka Nāga, K., 455 Mahāmēgha garden, 272, 273 Mahānāga dāgaba, 323; age, 324; coins, 460; inscribed bricks, 326; history, 325; size, 326 Mahā-Nāga, K., 280, 289, 307, 331, 420, 440, 497, 547; built Ambat- thala dăgaba, 320; built Tissa dagabas, 324, 327; formed tank, 386
Gāmiņi, 311; shape, 342; size, 311 Lathe, 335, 559
Lenama-gala, cup-holes, 228 Length of Ceylon, 8
Letters, pronunciation, 420 Lewin, Capt.T. H., on fire-making, 57, Lewis, F., cup-holes, 226; inscrip- tions, 445, 451; on Kokka-gala, 205; on Vaedda game, 92 Lingam on coins, 519
Lion as guard, 268, 289, 290–292, 295, 296, 312, 322; claws as amulets, 515; on coins, 515; sun emblem, 515
Local demons, 50, 146
Lotus-shaped dāgaba, 344
Lotus, protective as emblem of sun,
Mahānāma, K., 28; compiler of Mahāvansa, IO
Maha Sãēya, age, 262; engraved brick, 277; size, 276 Mahā-Sēna, K., 9, 139; built Jēta- vana dågaba, 299; employed Yak- khas, 28; forest deity, 28, 153; formed Naccaduwa tank, 408; Wanniya deity, 158
Maha Sōna Yakā, 145
Mahā-Thūpa, name of Ruwanwaeli dāgaba, 279
Mahātiṭṭha, 25, 251, 300
Ludovisi, L., on games, 580, 583, 628, Maha Vaeddē Yakā, 145
Mãe-anganāwā - Umā, a Kiri-Am- mā, 667
Maederigiriya, Buddhist railing, 269 Maeņik dāgaba, age, 218, 324; size, 330
Madana Siri Yaksani, 145 Magadhese traders, 11, 107, 236 Māgama - Tambapanņi, 241, 386, ** 394
Magama kings paid tribute, 440 Magha, K., 266, 282, 294, 317, 325, 460
Magical complicated lines, protective,
Mahāvansa, 9; accuracy, 10, 284;
name of several books, 10 Maha Wihara, 272, 299 Mahēla
Maha Elagamuwa, 239 Mahendra Mt. in S. India, Yakshas on it, II
Mahikāntāwā, Earth goddess, a Kiri- Amma, 667
Mahinda dagaba, 278
Mahinda, K., 265, 266, 281, 319, 323 Mahinda, prince-monk, 27, 275, 320, 422
Mahiyangana, 140; Vaedda battle- field, 16; visit by Buddha, 13 Mahiyangana dagaba, age, 315; commemorative, 315; Tennent, Sir E. on it, 316; Spillberg's account, 316
Magic, Sinhalese theory of action, Mahōdara, Nāga K., 14, 425
Magul Parakkuwa, puzzle, 624 Mahā Bhārata, 5, 11; length of bow, 540; on Skanda, 206
Mahācula Maha-Tissa, K., 445, 450 Mahadaragalla, name of Nāccādūwa tank, 409
Maha dunna, measure of length, 274 Mahādāṭhika Mahā-Nāga, K., 577 Maha Kandara river Kirindi-oya,
Maisey, Gen., on Swastika in tombs, 649 Malawara dēsa Malalu Vaeddan, 100 Malayālam, 13, 16, 19, 45 Mal keliya, 631, 641
Malwatta-oya dam, 404, 405 Malu-Tissa - Kaniṭṭha-Tissa, inscrip- tions, 302
Māmaḍu tank, 219
Manawakā or Mänōkā, a Yakā, 140
Mancala or Manala game, 587; Arabian and Egyptian, 589, 590, 592, 601, 602; see Olinda keliya Mangala or Mangalya Dēyiyā, 158, 160, 161; probably Ayiyanār, 160 Mani-Akkhika, Nāga K., 14, 316 Maņimēkhalā, Sea goddess, a Kiri- Ammā, 667 Manisōma dāgaba
gaba, 311; roof over, 311 Mantota, 251
Māra, army, 28, 139; Vaedda deity, 144
Marriage, consent of parents neces- sary, 118, 119; no ceremony, 118; of close relatives, 422 ; with sisters, 24, 113, 116
Map of sky, 647
Marrow applied to hair, 48
Marteau, weapon, 546
Mōlan-giri, disease demoness, 166 Monkey flesh, 51
Moon-stones at religious edifices are protective, 290 Moormen, 331 Moral suasion, 350
Morāni warigē, a Vaedda clan, 113 Mouldings of buildings do not indi- cate dates, 209
Mountain gods the earliest, 203 Mūdē Dēyiyā or Yakā, Vaedda god, 138, 146
Mulleittivu an early site, 418; coins from, 460, 476
Müller, Dr. E., 115, 416, 438, 454; on Niśśanka Malla, 250; on num- ber of cave inscriptions, 32 Müller, Sir F. Max, on Buddhist teach- ing, 652; on date of Aśōka, 455; on date of Buddha's death, 424 Mungus, belief regarding, 80
Maruts, storm gods, destroy demons, Muni, house Yakā, 152
Music, ancient, its loudness, 260
Masons' diagrams, 540, 577, 578, 643; Mussel shells for arrows, 61 age, 646
Maspéro, Prof. G., Egyptian know- ledge of magic, 645; map of sky, 647
Massie, R., plaques obtained, 461 Mat weaving and materials, 565, 566 Ma Yakini, Vaedda goddess, 138 Megasthenes, elephants at Magadha, 550
Mēghavanṇābhaya, K., 311, 321, 323, 354; inscription, 528
Mihintale inscriptions, 322, 443, 450; steps, 319, 577
Millāēwa-gala, inscription, 211
Muta-Siva, K., 272; age, 456 Muṭṭi Mangalya ceremony, 172
Nabudena or Namada warigē, a Vedda clan, 113 Naccaduwa tank, 405; age, 408; early name, 409; size, 408; works, 407
Nãē Yakās, 146, 152 ff.
Nāgas, in Ceylon, 13, 16; carvings, 14; guardians, 28, 269, 307, 310, 657; human beings, 15; pool, 657; probably Nayars, 15, 16 Nāgadarana-gama, cup hole, 232
Millet, cake, 52; growing, 50, 554 Nāgadipa, N. Ceylon, 14, 16, 108;
Mi maessa bee, 72
Miniature dagaba, 341, 342 Minvila inscription, 444
Miriswaeți dăgaba, age, 294; history and purpose, 294; size, 296; wähal- kadas, 295, 296
Miriyabaedda Kiri Ammā, Vaedda Nandimitta, Chief, inscriptions, 430,
deity, 137
Mitta-Sēna, K., 275
Mixed blood of Vaeddas, 32, 97 Mōdaragama-oya dam, 247 Moggallāna, K., 281, 3o8 Mōhini, goddess · Kiri Ammā, 141, 147, 149, 156, 206; goddess of Vaeddas, 96, 149
Nārada, on ancestral spirits, 152 Nāram-Sin, pointer-stone on stēle of,
Naval Niravi hill, 416 ff., 426, 432; earliest inscription, 416
Nayanår, the Nayar Ayiyanar, 148, 149
Nayars, 15; social customs in Ceylon, Oṭṭappuwa dagaba, 343; age, 253,
Nayindanāwa, inscription, 433 Nelli-shaped dāgaba, 344
Nerenchi keliya, 577; engraved diagrams, 577, 578; forms of dia- grams, 579; mystical meaning, 579 Nevill, H., inscriptions found, 446, 451, 454; on Vaeddas, 35, 38, 39; arrows, 61; character, 81-83; colour of skin, 40; dogs, 90; drinking-water, 53; dwellings, 48; food, 51; funerals, 119; honey taking, 71; Iyakas, 19; jewellery and dress, 106; Kiri Ammā, 135; Kataragama, 115; Mangala, god, 160; marriages, 116; ornaments, 47; protective power of arrow, 166; truthfulness, 81; use of buffaloes, 92; use of numbers, 86; utensils of gold, 54, 106; Yakās, 137, 141, 142 Nikawaě-kanda dāgaba, 332; age, 333; articles in it, 334; statues, 333, 631; tradition, 332
Nila, chief - Kalu Kumāra, a Baņ- dāra, 153
Nilgala Vaeddas, 240 Nirammulla dēwāla, 182
Niśśanka-Malla, 530; birthplace, 250; inscriptions, 250, 357; statue, 334 Numbers, not used by Vaeddas, 85 ff.,
106; 3 the first odd one, 579 Nuwara-gala inscription, 451 Nuwara-kanda inscriptions, 442 Nuwara-waewa 400; age, 403; chan- nels, 404, 408; levels taken, 404; size, 404; sluices, 401
Odd or Even game, 570 Oldenberg, Dr. H., on Dipavansa, 9 Olinda keliya Mancala, 587 ff.; holes in stone, 225, 226, 589, 590; number of holes used, 590-592; origin, 591, 602; terms used, 592, 593. Games: Daramutu or Ellāē- wala-kanda, 399; Koṭu-baendum, 598; Manala, 601; Pallankuli, 599; Puhulmutu, 594; Walak- pussa, 597; Worō, 600 Omungala, dancing rock, 178, 191 Ordinances of Manu, on ancestral customs, 59; on food regulations, 196; on Rakshasas, 5 Ornaments of Vaeddas, 47
Pachis game, 618-621
Păcina, K. of, inscription by son, 454 Păcina wihāra, 423, 425 Paeraet Yakā, 139
Paerali Bāsa, 623; early examples, 429, 432
Pahada keliya, 611 ff.
Pålanga or Pālā Gurunnānsē, 631 Palaeolithic knowledge of numbers, 571
Pallankuli game, 599
Pallebaedda, cup-holes, 226; inscrip- tions, 226, 228 Pancha keliya, 609 Panda-vāpi, 409, 410
Paṇḍā-waewa, 353 ff., 410; breach,
357; inscription, 357; size, 359 Pandita Parākrama Bāhu, K., 354 Paṇḍukābhaya, K., 11, 19, 31, 151,
236; age, 456; alliance with Vaed- das, 25, 26; arrangement of Anură- dhapura, 25, 301; immigration ceased from his birth, 29; policy caused fusion of races, 26, 29, 32; removed to Anuradhapura, 245: reservoir construction, 360-64; seized throne, 25
Panduwāsa Dēva, K., 155, 236, 245; age, 456; arrival in Ceylon, 236, 240; possibly formed Paṇḍā-waewa, 355, 356; seats of government, 242; S. Indian demon worship intro- duced, 155
Paṇḍuwas Nuwara, 353-355 Panikki Vaeddă, chief, account of, 99; a Baṇḍāra, 97, 137, 154; grant of territory, 99 Paniyans, fire-making, 57 Pansil, 133
Pansukūlika monks, 303
Parakkam Samuddā, may be Pandik- kulam, 410
Parakrama Bahu I and II, K., 266, 277, 281, 282, 284, 294, 295, 305, 308, 317, 321; arms, 524; birth- places, 250, 257; enlisted Vaeddas, 29; festival at Siriwaḍdhana Nu- wara, 255, 260; founded Wijita- pura, 238; improved Giants' Tank, 251; inscriptions at tanks, 249; restored irrigation works, 246, 249, 258, 409
Parakrama-Bāhu, K., 316; K. Buja, 354; K. Dharma, 317; K. Pandita, 354 Parama-kanda inscriptions, 438 Parana Nuwara, 397, 251ff.; anti- quity, 252; importance, 252; Kumāra Dhātu-Sēna burnt, 253; murder of general, 254; Parākrama Bahu I at it, 253, 254; site, 252; water-supply, 252
Parumaka, a Chief, position of, 331, 440
Parvati, 135, 156, 206
Pāsu wihāra, 420, 423
Paswasi game, 621
Pātāla, lower world, 138, 142
Pathama Cētiya, age, 262; comme- morative, 275; site, 275 Paṭṭa-giri, disease demoness, 166 Pattini, goddess . Kannaki,
150, 151, 200, 631 ff.; fire-walking ceremony, 141, 633 ; incarnation of Durgā, 151, 633; Kiri Ammā, 667; seven forms, 151, 633, 634; story of, 631 ff.
Pāvaṭ-kuļam, 243, 371 ff., 410; age,
376; bridge, 243, 374; size, 373, 374; works, 374 ff.
Paving at dāgabas, 264, 277, 280,
296, 315, 317, 319; cost, 305, 308 Peacock on coins, 307; lucky emblem, 507
Pearls, bored, in dāgabas, 285, 335;
auspicious, 292, 473 Pēddawa inscription, 253
Piyangala wihāra, 425 Plough, 561; share, 562 Pointer stone, 502, 503 Poisoning fish, 51 Polannaruwa, 24, 238; Damila Thūpa, 309; Gal wihara, 219; pre-Chris- tian site, 219
Pole, J., discovery of stone imple- ments, 62
Pol keliya, 631, 640 Pol-kuru keliya, 576
Polyandry, 16
Pop-gun, 630
Position of women, 137, 150, 151, 422, 423
Possession by deity on taking em- blems, 189, 197; by Rākshasas, 5 Postima Baṇḍāra, 144, 154 Potter's wheel, 562
Pottery, inscribed, 461
Powell, R. A., on ancient brick-work, 376, 377
Pradhana Nuwarawal, manuscript, introduction of buffaloes, 562; Gaja-Bahu's age at accession, 455; Panduwas Nuwara, 355 Primitive deity of Ceylon, 134, 147, 155, 177 ff., 186 ff.; see Galē Deviyā and Galē Yakā
Princes become Yakās, 633 Proportions of dāgabas, 336, 337, 341 Prosperity of country due to excel- lence of ruler, 95, 492 Pudana Vaedi Yakā, 145 Puhulmutu game, 594
Vavunik-kulam, 256, 365, Pūjāvaliya, 1I
Pellet bow, 60, 525, 541
Pentacle on coins, 499
Percival, Capt. R., on Vaeddas, 95 Periya-kaḍuwa wihara, inscription,
Periya-kaṭṭu tank, 247
Periya-kulam, effect of flood, 369 Phussadēva, archer, 228; feats of
523 Pick-axe, 556 Pick-hammer, 556 Pigs not kept, 94
Pillars round dāgabas, 264, 268, 276,
Pilleiyar, Tamil name of Gaņēsa, 133, 206
Races with black skins, 41, 46 Rājaratnākara, 11
Raja-Sinha, enlisted Vaeddas, 29 Rājāvaliya, II
Rājāyatana tree of Sumana, wor- shipped by Nāgas, 13, 14, 425 Rajini, Q., presented silk-covering for dagaba, 281
Rahu, dragon, 136; vāhana and
emblems, 141; Vaedda deity, 141 Rainfall, abnormal, 369
Rainy seasons, 347
Rakshasas, capital, 5; early ideas of, 3-6; guardians, 5, 28, 269; in Arabian nights, 7; in Ceylon, 5; in folk-tales, 7; in Ordinances of Manu, 5; pools, 657; Rāmāyana, 5 Rama, conquers Ceylon, 7; Laksh-
mana assists him, 668; story mythical, 9
Rāmāyana, 11; knowledge of Cey-
lon, 8; money well known, 468; Yakshas on Mahendra Mt. and Rițigala, II
Rāvana, Rakshasa K., occupied Cey- lon, 7
Raṇagiriya, inscription, 180; legend,
Rank of Vaeddas, 98 ff. Rankirimaḍa wihāra, inscription, 449 Ratanavali Ruwanwaeli, 279 Read, C. H., on early bead, 334; on stone implements, 64 Relic-chambers in dãgabas, 264, 265, 278, 285, 298, 328, 332, 334 Relics in dagabas, 263, 276, 278, 279, 294, 298, 315, 324, 328, 331, 335 Relief, false, characteristic of Indian and Sinhalese art, 475 Religious ceremonies of Vaeddas, 162 Re-marriage of widows, 16, 422, 450
Reservoirs tanks. Construction a religious duty, 350; earliest re- corded in Ceylon, 351; first recor- ded in Euphrates valley, 348; great reservoirs first made by Sinhalese, 349; invention of valve- pit, 379; knowledge acquired from S. India, 349
Abhaya-waewa, 360; Anuradha's tank, 351; Batalagoda-waewa, 397; Digha-vāpi, 396; Dūratissa tank, 393; Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364; Giant's tank, 219, 247-251; Jaya- vāpi, 363; Kandiya-kaṭṭu, 318, 396; Kaṭiyawa, 219, 381; Mahadă- ragalla, 409; Maha Kanadara- waewa, 382; Minnēriya tank, 381; Naccaduwa tank, 405; Nuwara- waewa, 400; other early reservoirs, 219, 409; Padawiya, 212, 383; Paṇḍa-vāpi, 409; Paṇḍā-waewa, 353; Pāvaṭ-kulam, 371; Periya- kaṭṭu-kulam, 247; Periya-kulam, 369; Sangili Kanadara tank, 383; Siyambalan-gamuwa tank, 225; southern reservoirs, 386; Talagalla, 258; Tissa-waewa, 364; Tissa- waewa, S., 388; Uruwēla tank, 246, 249, 251; Yoda-kandiya tank, 394; Yoda-waewa, 390, 393; Vavunik- kulam, 365
Rhinoceros on coins, 514
Ribeyro, on skin clothing of Vaeddas, 39
Rice and barley, children of Heaven, 649
Rice not known to aborigines, 108 Ridi wihara, 256; ancient names, 528,
530; inscriptions, 526–530; panels in pillars, 526; silver found, 255, 528; statue carved, 528 Riri or Siri Yakā, 145 Rițigala, 8, 179, 205; inscriptions, 444, 451
Riți bark, bag, 54; clothing, 39, 106; for roofing, 48, 49, 75
River on coins, 514
Rock-dancing ceremony, 189, 190, 191, 194, 197 ff.
Roofs over dāgabas, 264, 270, 311, 313, 321 Rudra, 203-206
Rūgama tank, cup-holes, 231 Ruwanwaeli dăgaba, 279, 497; ele- phant reliefs, 284; flower altar, 293:
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