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639, 641

Lanka, name of Ceylon, 5, 242
Lankapura, capital of Rakshasas, 5;
of Kuvēra, 6; Vaedda town, 23, 24
Lankarāma dagaba, built by Waṭṭa-

Language, foul, scares demons, 635, Maha Kandiya tank, 396
Mahallaka Nāga, K., 455
Mahāmēgha garden, 272, 273
Mahānāga dāgaba, 323; age, 324;
coins, 460; inscribed bricks, 326;
history, 325; size, 326
Mahā-Nāga, K., 280, 289, 307, 331,
420, 440, 497, 547; built Ambat-
thala dăgaba, 320; built Tissa
dagabas, 324, 327; formed tank,
386

Gāmiņi, 311; shape, 342; size, 311
Lathe, 335, 559

Lenama-gala, cup-holes, 228
Length of Ceylon, 8

Letters, pronunciation, 420
Lewin, Capt.T. H., on fire-making, 57,
Lewis, F., cup-holes, 226; inscrip-
tions, 445, 451; on Kokka-gala,
205; on Vaedda game, 92
Lingam on coins, 519

Lion as guard, 268, 289, 290–292, 295,
296, 312, 322; claws as amulets,
515; on coins, 515; sun emblem,
515

Local demons, 50, 146

Lotus-shaped dāgaba, 344

Lotus, protective as emblem of sun,

291

Mahānāma, K., 28; compiler of
Mahāvansa, IO

Maha Sãēya, age, 262; engraved
brick, 277; size, 276
Mahā-Sēna, K., 9, 139; built Jēta-
vana dågaba, 299; employed Yak-
khas, 28; forest deity, 28, 153;
formed Naccaduwa tank, 408;
Wanniya deity, 158

Maha Sōna Yakā, 145

Mahā-Thūpa, name of Ruwanwaeli
dāgaba, 279

Mahātiṭṭha, 25, 251, 300

Ludovisi, L., on games, 580, 583, 628, Maha Vaeddē Yakā, 145

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Mãe-anganāwā - Umā, a Kiri-Am-
mā, 667

Maederigiriya, Buddhist railing, 269
Maeņik dāgaba, age, 218, 324; size,
330

Mace, 543

Madana Siri Yaksani, 145
Magadhese traders, 11, 107, 236
Māgama - Tambapanņi, 241, 386,
** 394

Magama kings paid tribute, 440
Magha, K., 266, 282, 294, 317, 325,
460

Magical complicated lines, protective,

493

Mahāvansa, 9; accuracy, 10, 284;

name of several books, 10
Maha Wihara, 272, 299
Mahēla

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Maha Elagamuwa, 239
Mahendra Mt. in S. India, Yakshas on
it, II

Mahikāntāwā, Earth goddess, a Kiri-
Amma, 667

Mahinda dagaba, 278

Mahinda, K., 265, 266, 281, 319, 323
Mahinda, prince-monk, 27, 275, 320,
422

Mahiyangana, 140; Vaedda battle-
field, 16; visit by Buddha, 13
Mahiyangana dagaba, age, 315;
commemorative, 315; Tennent, Sir
E. on it, 316; Spillberg's account,
316

Magic, Sinhalese theory of action, Mahōdara, Nāga K., 14, 425

653; squares, 622

Magul Parakkuwa, puzzle, 624
Mahā Bhārata, 5, 11; length of bow,
540; on Skanda, 206

Mahācula Maha-Tissa, K., 445, 450
Mahadaragalla, name of Nāccādūwa
tank, 409

Maha dunna, measure of length, 274
Mahādāṭhika Mahā-Nāga, K., 577
Maha Kandara river Kirindi-oya,

237

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Malayālam, 20, 178

Maisey, Gen., on Swastika in tombs,
649
Malawara dēsa
Malalu Vaeddan, 100
Malayālam, 13, 16, 19, 45
Mal keliya, 631, 641

Malwatta-oya dam, 404, 405
Malu-Tissa - Kaniṭṭha-Tissa, inscrip-
tions, 302

Māmaḍu tank, 219

Manawakā or Mänōkā, a Yakā, 140

Mancala or Manala game, 587;
Arabian and Egyptian, 589, 590,
592, 601, 602; see Olinda keliya
Mangala or Mangalya Dēyiyā, 158,
160, 161; probably Ayiyanār, 160
Mani-Akkhika, Nāga K., 14, 316
Maņimēkhalā, Sea goddess, a Kiri-
Ammā, 667
Manisōma dāgaba

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Lankārāma dă-

gaba, 311; roof over, 311
Mantota, 251

Māra, army, 28, 139; Vaedda deity,
144

Maralu Yakā, 145

Marriage, consent of parents neces-
sary, 118, 119; no ceremony, 118;
of close relatives, 422 ; with sisters,
24, 113, 116

Map of sky, 647

Marrow applied to hair, 48

Marteau, weapon, 546

Mōlan-giri, disease demoness, 166
Monkey flesh, 51

Moon-stones at religious edifices are
protective, 290
Moormen, 331
Moral suasion, 350

Morāni warigē, a Vaedda clan, 113
Mouldings of buildings do not indi-
cate dates, 209

Mountain gods the earliest, 203
Mūdē Dēyiyā or Yakā, Vaedda god,
138, 146

Mulleittivu an early site, 418; coins
from, 460, 476

Müller, Dr. E., 115, 416, 438, 454;
on Niśśanka Malla, 250; on num-
ber of cave inscriptions, 32
Müller, Sir F. Max, on Buddhist teach-
ing, 652; on date of Aśōka, 455; on
date of Buddha's death, 424
Mungus, belief regarding, 80

Maruts, storm gods, destroy demons, Muni, house Yakā, 152

4; sons of Rudra, 203

Music, ancient, its loudness, 260

Masons' diagrams, 540, 577, 578, 643; Mussel shells for arrows, 61
age, 646

Maspéro, Prof. G., Egyptian know-
ledge of magic, 645; map of sky,
647

Massie, R., plaques obtained, 461
Mat weaving and materials, 565, 566
Ma Yakini, Vaedda goddess, 138
Megasthenes, elephants at Magadha,
550

Mēghavanṇābhaya, K., 311, 321, 323,
354; inscription, 528

Mihintale inscriptions, 322, 443, 450;
steps, 319, 577

Military forces, 29, 547

Millāēwa-gala, inscription, 211

Muta-Siva, K., 272; age, 456
Muṭṭi Mangalya ceremony, 172

Nabudena or Namada warigē, a
Vedda clan, 113
Naccaduwa tank, 405; age, 408;
early name, 409; size, 408; works,
407

Nãē Yakās, 146, 152 ff.

Nāgas, in Ceylon, 13, 16; carvings,
14; guardians, 28, 269, 307, 310,
657; human beings, 15; pool, 657;
probably Nayars, 15, 16
Nāgadarana-gama, cup hole, 232

Millet, cake, 52; growing, 50, 554 Nāgadipa, N. Ceylon, 14, 16, 108;

Mi maessa bee, 72

Miniature dagaba, 341, 342
Minvila inscription, 444

Miriswaeți dăgaba, age, 294; history
and purpose, 294; size, 296; wähal-
kadas, 295, 296

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Miriyabaedda Kiri Ammā, Vaedda Nandimitta, Chief, inscriptions, 430,

deity, 137

Mitta-Sēna, K., 275

Mixed blood of Vaeddas, 32, 97
Mōdaragama-oya dam, 247
Moggallāna, K., 281, 3o8
Mōhini, goddess · Kiri Ammā, 141,
147, 149, 156, 206; goddess of
Vaeddas, 96, 149

432, 434

Nārada, on ancestral spirits, 152
Nāram-Sin, pointer-stone on stēle of,

502

Naval Niravi hill, 416 ff., 426, 432;
earliest inscription, 416

Nayanår, the Nayar Ayiyanar,
148, 149

Nayars, 15; social customs in Ceylon, Oṭṭappuwa dagaba, 343; age, 253,

15, 16, 160

Nayindanāwa, inscription, 433
Nelli-shaped dāgaba, 344

Nerenchi keliya, 577; engraved
diagrams, 577, 578; forms of dia-
grams, 579; mystical meaning, 579
Nevill, H., inscriptions found, 446,
451, 454; on Vaeddas, 35, 38, 39;
arrows, 61; character, 81-83;
colour of skin, 40; dogs, 90;
drinking-water, 53; dwellings, 48;
food, 51; funerals, 119; honey
taking, 71; Iyakas, 19; jewellery
and dress, 106; Kiri Ammā, 135;
Kataragama, 115; Mangala, god,
160; marriages, 116; ornaments,
47; protective power of arrow, 166;
truthfulness, 81; use of buffaloes,
92; use of numbers, 86; utensils of
gold, 54, 106; Yakās, 137, 141, 142
Nikawaě-kanda dāgaba, 332; age,
333; articles in it, 334; statues,
333, 631; tradition, 332

Nila, chief - Kalu Kumāra, a Baņ-
dāra, 153

Nilgala Vaeddas, 240
Nirammulla dēwāla, 182

Niśśanka-Malla, 530; birthplace, 250;
inscriptions, 250, 357; statue, 334
Numbers, not used by Vaeddas, 85 ff.,

106; 3 the first odd one, 579
Nuwara-gala inscription, 451
Nuwara-kanda inscriptions, 442
Nuwara-waewa 400; age, 403; chan-
nels, 404, 408; levels taken, 404;
size, 404; sluices, 401

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Odd or Even game, 570
Oldenberg, Dr. H., on Dipavansa, 9
Olinda keliya Mancala, 587 ff.;
holes in stone, 225, 226, 589, 590;
number of holes used, 590-592;
origin, 591, 602; terms used, 592,
593. Games: Daramutu or Ellāē-
wala-kanda, 399; Koṭu-baendum,
598; Manala, 601; Pallankuli,
599; Puhulmutu, 594; Walak-
pussa, 597; Worō, 600
Omungala, dancing rock, 178, 191
Ordinances of Manu, on ancestral
customs, 59; on food regulations,
196; on Rakshasas, 5
Ornaments of Vaeddas, 47

344; inscription, 657

Pachis game, 618-621

Păcina, K. of, inscription by son, 454
Păcina wihāra, 423, 425
Paeraet Yakā, 139

Paerali Bāsa, 623; early examples,
429, 432

Pahada keliya, 611 ff.

Pålanga or Pālā Gurunnānsē, 631
Palaeolithic knowledge of numbers,
571

Pallankuli game, 599

Pallebaedda, cup-holes, 226; inscrip-
tions, 226, 228
Pancha keliya, 609
Panda-vāpi, 409, 410

Paṇḍā-waewa, 353 ff., 410; breach,

357; inscription, 357; size, 359
Pandita Parākrama Bāhu, K., 354
Paṇḍukābhaya, K., 11, 19, 31, 151,

236; age, 456; alliance with Vaed-
das, 25, 26; arrangement of Anură-
dhapura, 25, 301; immigration
ceased from his birth, 29; policy
caused fusion of races, 26, 29, 32;
removed to Anuradhapura, 245:
reservoir construction, 360-64;
seized throne, 25

Panduwāsa Dēva, K., 155, 236, 245;
age, 456; arrival in Ceylon, 236,
240; possibly formed Paṇḍā-waewa,
355, 356; seats of government, 242;
S. Indian demon worship intro-
duced, 155

Paṇḍuwas Nuwara, 353-355
Panikki Vaeddă, chief, account of,
99; a Baṇḍāra, 97, 137, 154;
grant of territory, 99
Paniyans, fire-making, 57
Pansil, 133

Pansukūlika monks, 303

Parakkam Samuddā, may be Pandik-
kulam, 410

Parakrama Bahu I and II, K., 266,
277, 281, 282, 284, 294, 295, 305,
308, 317, 321; arms, 524; birth-
places, 250, 257; enlisted Vaeddas,
29; festival at Siriwaḍdhana Nu-
wara, 255, 260; founded Wijita-
pura, 238; improved Giants' Tank,
251; inscriptions at tanks, 249;
restored irrigation works, 246, 249,
258, 409

Parakrama-Bāhu, K., 316; K. Buja,
354; K. Dharma, 317; K. Pandita,
354
Parama-kanda inscriptions, 438
Parana Nuwara, 397, 251ff.; anti-
quity, 252; importance, 252;
Kumāra Dhātu-Sēna burnt, 253;
murder of general, 254; Parākrama
Bahu I at it, 253, 254; site, 252;
water-supply, 252

Parumaka, a Chief, position of, 331,
440

Parvati, 135, 156, 206

Pāsu wihāra, 420, 423

Paswasi game, 621

Pātāla, lower world, 138, 142

Pathama Cētiya, age, 262; comme-
morative, 275; site, 275
Paṭṭa-giri, disease demoness, 166
Pattini, goddess . Kannaki,

115,

150, 151, 200, 631 ff.; fire-walking
ceremony, 141, 633 ; incarnation of
Durgā, 151, 633; Kiri Ammā,
667; seven forms, 151, 633,
634; story of, 631 ff.

Pāvaṭ-kuļam, 243, 371 ff., 410; age,

376; bridge, 243, 374; size, 373,
374; works, 374 ff.

Paving at dāgabas, 264, 277, 280,

296, 315, 317, 319; cost, 305, 308
Peacock on coins, 307; lucky emblem,
507

Pearls, bored, in dāgabas, 285, 335;

auspicious, 292, 473
Pēddawa inscription, 253

Pedissa, 574

Pēlivāpi

366

Pirit, 179

Piyangala wihāra, 425
Plough, 561; share, 562
Pointer stone, 502, 503
Poisoning fish, 51
Polannaruwa, 24, 238; Damila Thūpa,
309; Gal wihara, 219; pre-Chris-
tian site, 219

Pole, J., discovery of stone imple-
ments, 62

Pol keliya, 631, 640
Pol-kuru keliya, 576

Polyandry, 16

Pop-gun, 630

Position of women, 137, 150, 151, 422,
423

Possession by deity on taking em-
blems, 189, 197; by Rākshasas, 5
Postima Baṇḍāra, 144, 154
Potter's wheel, 562

Pottery, inscribed, 461

Powell, R. A., on ancient brick-work,
376, 377

Pradhana Nuwarawal, manuscript,
introduction of buffaloes, 562;
Gaja-Bahu's age at accession, 455;
Panduwas Nuwara, 355
Primitive deity of Ceylon, 134, 147,
155, 177 ff., 186 ff.; see Galē Deviyā
and Galē Yakā

Princes become Yakās, 633
Proportions of dāgabas, 336, 337, 341
Prosperity of country due to excel-
lence of ruler, 95, 492
Pudana Vaedi Yakā, 145
Puhulmutu game, 594

Vavunik-kulam, 256, 365, Pūjāvaliya, 1I

Pellet bow, 60, 525, 541

Pentacle on coins, 499

Perali kotuwa game, 583

Percival, Capt. R., on Vaeddas, 95
Periya-kaḍuwa wihara, inscription,

499

Periya-kaṭṭu tank, 247

Periya-kulam, effect of flood, 369
Phussadēva, archer, 228; feats of

523
Pick-axe, 556
Pick-hammer, 556
Pigs not kept, 94

Pillars round dāgabas, 264, 268, 276,

289, 312, 322

Pilleiyar, Tamil name of Gaņēsa, 133,
206

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Races with black skins, 41, 46
Rājaratnākara, 11

Raja-Sinha, enlisted Vaeddas, 29
Rājāvaliya, II

Rājāyatana tree of Sumana, wor-
shipped by Nāgas, 13, 14, 425
Rajini, Q., presented silk-covering
for dagaba, 281

Rahu, dragon, 136; vāhana and

emblems, 141; Vaedda deity, 141
Rainfall, abnormal, 369

Rainy seasons, 347

Rakshasas, capital, 5; early ideas of,
3-6; guardians, 5, 28, 269; in
Arabian nights, 7; in Ceylon, 5;
in folk-tales, 7; in Ordinances of
Manu, 5; pools, 657; Rāmāyana, 5
Rama, conquers Ceylon, 7; Laksh-

mana assists him, 668; story
mythical, 9

Rāmāyana, 11; knowledge of Cey-

lon, 8; money well known, 468;
Yakshas on Mahendra Mt. and
Rițigala, II

Rāvana, Rakshasa K., occupied Cey-
lon, 7

Raṇagiriya, inscription, 180; legend,

179

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Rank of Vaeddas, 98 ff.
Rankirimaḍa wihāra, inscription, 449
Ratanavali Ruwanwaeli, 279
Read, C. H., on early bead, 334; on
stone implements, 64
Relic-chambers in dãgabas, 264, 265,
278, 285, 298, 328, 332, 334
Relics in dagabas, 263, 276, 278, 279,
294, 298, 315, 324, 328, 331, 335
Relief, false, characteristic of Indian
and Sinhalese art, 475
Religious ceremonies of Vaeddas, 162
Re-marriage of widows, 16, 422, 450

Reservoirs tanks. Construction a
religious duty, 350; earliest re-
corded in Ceylon, 351; first recor-
ded in Euphrates valley, 348;
great reservoirs first made by
Sinhalese, 349; invention of valve-
pit, 379; knowledge acquired from
S. India, 349

Abhaya-waewa, 360; Anuradha's
tank, 351; Batalagoda-waewa,
397; Digha-vāpi, 396; Dūratissa
tank, 393; Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364;
Giant's tank, 219, 247-251; Jaya-
vāpi, 363; Kandiya-kaṭṭu, 318,
396; Kaṭiyawa, 219, 381; Mahadă-
ragalla, 409; Maha Kanadara-
waewa, 382; Minnēriya tank, 381;
Naccaduwa tank, 405; Nuwara-
waewa, 400; other early reservoirs,
219, 409; Padawiya, 212, 383;
Paṇḍa-vāpi, 409; Paṇḍā-waewa,
353; Pāvaṭ-kulam, 371; Periya-
kaṭṭu-kulam, 247; Periya-kulam,
369; Sangili Kanadara tank, 383;
Siyambalan-gamuwa tank, 225;
southern reservoirs, 386; Talagalla,
258; Tissa-waewa, 364; Tissa-
waewa, S., 388; Uruwēla tank, 246,
249, 251; Yoda-kandiya tank, 394;
Yoda-waewa, 390, 393; Vavunik-
kulam, 365

Rhinoceros on coins, 514

Ribeyro, on skin clothing of Vaeddas,
39

Rice and barley, children of Heaven,
649

Rice not known to aborigines, 108
Ridi wihara, 256; ancient names, 528,

530; inscriptions, 526–530; panels
in pillars, 526; silver found, 255,
528; statue carved, 528
Riri or Siri Yakā, 145
Rițigala, 8, 179, 205; inscriptions,
444, 451

Riți bark, bag, 54; clothing, 39, 106;
for roofing, 48, 49, 75

River on coins, 514

Rock-dancing ceremony, 189, 190,
191, 194, 197 ff.

Roofs over dāgabas, 264, 270, 311,
313, 321
Rudra, 203-206

Rūgama tank, cup-holes, 231
Ruwanwaeli dăgaba, 279, 497; ele-
phant reliefs, 284; flower altar, 293:

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