Bill-hook, 552; emblem of Gale
Birds carved at dågabas, 268, 291,
292, 314, 322, 487
Black-skinned races, 46
Blood or flesh offered to demons, 142
Boksal, name of Ayiyanår, 668
Bōla keliya, 625
Bō-tree planted, 115, 272, 273:
taken to Anuradhapura, 273, 424
Bow, 59, 523, 539; British, 59; modes
of holding, 60; on coins, 516; size,
274; strings, 60
Bōwala Děyā, 137; Yakā, 146
Bowata, inscriptions, 453, 454
Bōwela-gedara Kiri-Ammā, Vaedda
deity, 137
Bricks. Ancient types not reverted
to, 304; archaeological value, 209;
at caves, 218; dates at structures,
211; decrease in size to 13th cent.,
215; detailed measurements, 667;
inscribed, 283, 326, 327, 461, 462;
irregularity in size, 218; limits of
size, 216; mentioned in Satapatha
Brahmana, 213; relative values of
measurements, 215; sizes, 214,
339; value for dates, 210, 215, 217;
variation in proportions, 216
Brick-makers' cubit, 340
Brick structures, dates of, 211
Bridges, 243, 272, 274, 405
Bubble-shaped dāgabas, 263, 276,
286, 293, 295, 306, 309, 336, 343
Buddha, date of death, 424; 3 visits
to Ceylon, 12-14
Buddhism, early wihāras in N. Cey-
lon, 32, 418
Buddhist railing, 269, 276, 277, 288,
295, 296, 306, 309, 312; known in
3rd cent. B.C., 277; magical fence
against demons, 268, 269, 659
Buffaloes, for riding and stalking, 92 ;
first introduced, 562
Buhu keliya, 628
Builders and masons' cubit, 340
Buja Parākama-Bāhu, K., 354
Bull, recumbent, on coins, 494
Bull standing, at dågabas, 290, 291,
295, 502; emblem of gods, 511
Bull's skull, an amulet, 511
Burrows, S. M., discoveries-axes,
554, hoe, 555; inscribed relic-cases,
302; oblong coins, 463; pick-
hammer, 556
Caillié on Moorish Siga game, 608
Cairn-shaped dāgaba, 317, 343
Caldwell, Bishop, on Dravidian in-
tellect, 40; Sinhalese annals, 9
Candragupta, date of, 349
Canon for dågabas, 336
Card games, 621
Carnelian gem, 328, 494
Cavalry, 545, 547, 548
Caves, 31, 97, 417, 418; abandoned
by Vaeddas in pre-Christian times,
31, 97; first residents used stone
implements, 31 ; inscriptions rarely
post-Christian, 32; names of, 449;
prepared for monks, 31, 418; occu-
pation by Vaeddas, 48; temples in,
181, 183, 426, 435
Census of Vaeddas, 38
Cētiyā, Vaedi chieftainess, 24, 25
Ceylon, origin of name, 29
Channels, antiquity of, 347; earliest
Chaldean, 348; Indian, 348; opened
from rivers, 390, 404, 408, 409, 411,
412
Charmed thread as protection, 23
Chariots, 547
Chatta, magical protection, 288, 517;
on coin, 500; on dågaba spires, 276,
280, 281, 288, 293, 294, 305, 307,
312, 314, 317, 324, 325
Chatty-shaped dāgaba, 343
Chaturanga game, 605
Chekku oil mill, efficiency, 234
Chess, 586
Chisels, 556
Chokō game, 604
Chōnka game, 599
Christie, H. B., arrow-heads of, 61
Chronology of early kings, 424, 455;
table facing 458
Churning of Ocean, 136, 147, 196
Cicero on virtue in words, 250
Circle with 6 emblems a magical dia-
Citta, Vaedda K., 25, 104
Civilisation of Vaeddas, 26, 103
Clans of Vaeddas, 113
Club, 161, 524, 526, 543
Cobras carved at dågabas and tanks,
289, 307, 310, 500, 657; guardians,
512; on coin, 500
Coinage in Mahāvansa, 468; in
Coins, copper and silver of one scale,
488; early, in dāgabas, 459; large
circular, 490, 503; mentioned in
inscription, 528; symbols on, 491
ff., 506 ff.; symbols were protect-
ive, 500, 520; weights, 489, 505;
were amulets, 490, 501, 520
Coins, oblong, 461; age, 462, 490;
date of burial, 494; from Anură-
dhapura, 463, 482; from Mulleit-
tīvu, 461, 476; from Tissa, 461,
474; irregularity of weight, 489;
in S. India, 490, 506; weights, 488;
were tokens, 489
Codrington, H. W., on Kohombē
Yakā, 146
Connection of Vaedda and Sinhalese
religions, 146
Conundrums, 623
Copleston, Bishop R.S., on identifi-
cation of Sirivaḍdhana Nuwara,
254
Copper in India, 467; not in Vedas,
467
Cotton gin, 562, 564
Crescent on coins, 509, 516, 517
Cross, 643; Assyrian, 656; auspicious
character, 648; bars on it, protect-
ive, 492, 661; dots not nails, 661;
emblem of gods and life, 148, 652;
general early use, 646; guarded by
enclosing square, 654; guardian,
657, 688; in Accadian tomb, 649;
in Australia, 661; in dāgaba, 650;
in Egypt, 646; in inscriptions, 449,
657; meaning, 647 ; not emblem of
sacred fire, 655; nor of sun, 655;
on coins, 512; on figures, 655; on
Purāna, 470; origin of barred and
guarded crosses, 660; origin of
Swastika, 659; protective powers,
649; spirit home, 492, 654; sym-
bolical pictograph, 650, 653
Cross-bow, 525
Crossing the River, puzzle, 623
Cross-roads auspicious, 654; sites for
dāgabas, 654; spirit haunts, 654;
use in medicine, 654
Cubit bricks, length, 339
Cubit, length, 338; two sizes, 340
Culāni, K., address to troops, 551
Cūlanaga, Nāga K., 455
Culin, S., on Mancala game, 590, 591
Culōdara, Nāga K., 425
Cutting the Waters, 642
Cult of Indian demons, tradition of
introduction, 155
Cunningham, Sir A., date of Sanchi
dagaba, 213; erosion of Purānas,
465; scales of coinage, 488; sym-
bols on coins, meaning, 518
Cup-holes, large, as lamps, 232; at
Galmaeḍiya-gala, 228; Galpitiya-
gala, 229; Kalawaewa channel,
229; Kuḍā Waera-gala, 228; Ku-
dimbi-gala, 231; Nāgadarana-
gama, 232; Rūgama tank, 231;
Sigarata-hēna, 228; Tamara-gala,
232; Tumbullē Waehaera-gala, 231;
Wellangolla, 230; description, 232;
groups observed by Vaeddas, 232;
name, 233; possible use, 233
Cup-holes, small, at Allekaṭṭu dam,
222; Galmaeḍiyā-gala, 224; Lena-
ma-gala, 228; Pallebaedda, 226;
Sigarata-hēna, 224; for Olinda
keliya, age, 589; rare, 222
Daedimuṇḍā, 139, 200
Dāgabas. Abhayagiri, 298; Aet,
332; Aśōka's, 278; Dakuņu, 312;
Damila, 309; Dighavāpi, 318;
Heṭṭipola, 285; Idikatu, 319;
Jētavana, 307; Kaelaniya, 316;
Kahatagaswela, 344; Kiribat, 315;
Lankarāma, 311; Maeņik, 330;
Mahānāga, 323 ; Maha Sāēya, 275;
Mahinda, 278; Mahiyangana, 315;
Manisōma, 311; Miniature, 341;
Miriswaeți, 294; Nāga-mālaka, 279;
Nikawae-kanda, 332; Oṭṭappuwa,
343; Ruwanwaeli, 279; Sandagiri,
324, 327; Sangamittă, 278; Sara-
bhu's, 315; Sēla, 297; Sēruvila,
330; Sila Sobbha Kandaka, 304;
Sōmavati, 330; Tissa, 323; Uddha-
cūļābhaya's, 315; Wellangolla, 344;
Yaṭṭhāla, 327
Animals carved at, 268, 289–291,
295, 296, 307, 310, 312, 322; articles
placed in, 285, 328, 332, 334, 459,
494; beads in, 334 ; canon for, 336;
coins found in, 310, 328, 459; com-
pared with Pyramids, 262; first
great ones, 296; earliest in Ceylon,
262; guardian deities at, 307, 310,
314, 342; guardian of, 212; heights,
266, 276, 288, 293, 294, 298, 307,
312, 316, 318, 321, 326, 330, 341;
Indian with 5 chattas, 293; lamps
hung round, 269, 289, 321, 322;
mode of raising materials, 326;
names for, 261; names of parts,
337; not on Purānas, 519; on coins,
509; pearls in, 335; shape of Phoe-
nician tomb, 261; proportions, 337,
341; purpose of encircling pillars,
269, 289; site fixed by animals,
331; six shapes, 336; state in 12th
cent., 298; types of, 336, 342
Dagger, 531
Dahanaka Bandāra, deified chief, 200
Dakuņu dāgaba, age, 312; roof over,
313; shape and size, 312; wāhal-
kadas, 314
Dalada Maligawa at Sirivaḍdhana
Nuwara, 258
Dambadiva, name of India, 14
Dambulla, inscriptions, 98, 99, 441,
450
Damila Thupa, 309
Dams, river. Allēkaṭṭu, 410; Aruvi-
āru, 247; Kirindi-oya, 390; Kuri-
njā-kulam, 412; oblique, 391
Dancing Rocks of Galē Deviyā, 191–
194, 197, 205; of Galē Yakā, 178,
189, 191, 205
Danduwaella bee, 72
Dappula II, K.,
Darwin, C., on fire-making, 58
Dathōpa-Tissa, K., 265
Davids, Prof. Rhys, inscriptions
translated, 415; on date of Aśōka,
455; position of women, 422
Davy, Dr. J., on bellows, 561; on
Kataragama, 115; on length of
bow, 539; on length of cubit, 338
Dedication of wihāra, 332
Deer-horns gnawed by porcupines, 74
Deification of chiefs, instances, 137,
Deities, forest, 138, 139, 142, 143, 150,
159, 169, 172, 206; insignia, 141,
144, 145, 156, 160, 161, 189, 197,
200, 525, 632; on coins, 499, 500,
517; of Vaeddas, 133 ff., 177 ff., 206;
of Wanniyas, 158
Demala Diviyan keliya, 581
Demons. Cheated by Gods, 136;
days for ceremonies to, 194; num-
ber in Ceylon, 521; offerings by
Vaeddas, 97; priests' food pro-
hibition, 195; Vaedi, 139 ff.
Demon-scarers. Auspicious things
and words, 649; cross, 649, 650,
657; dog, 513; foul language and
gestures, 635; gods, their emblems
and vahanas, 3 ff., 510 ff., 635;
physicians, 515; tree, sacred, 512;
sistrum, 506; snake, 512; sun, 3,
288, 291, 296, 306, 309, 503, 511,
656, 657; swastika, 493
Deva-giriya Raṇa-giriya, 179
Dēvānam-piya Tissa, K., date, 455;
dāgabas built, 262; embassies to
Asōka, 497; founded Păcina wihā-
ra, 423; meeting with Mahinda,
27, 320; planted Bō-tree, 273;
received State Sword from Aśōka,
523; statue, 320
Dēvatā Baṇḍāra, 140, 200
Dēvatās guard dāgabas, 342; food
offering to, 201
Devi-Amman, fire-walking ceremony,
Devol or Devel Deviyā, fire-walking
ceremony, 141
Dĕwāla, 183, 184, 525
Deyiyanne kapuwā, priest of Gale
Yakā, 188
Dhananjaya, K., guarded by ances-
tral spirit, 152
Dhātu-Sēna, K., 281, 307
Dhātuvansa, II
Dhumarakkha Mt., near Mahawaeli-
Dialect, Kaele Basa, 123; of Vaeddas,
20, 123
Dighathupa, 297
Dighavapi, 14; age, 388, 396; identi-
fied, 396
Dighavapi dāgaba, commemorative,
318; discovery, 318; founder, 318
Dimensions, ancient, in feet, 340
Dipavansa, date, 9
Disk, sun's, 656; not astrological,
516; on coins, 501, 516; on dåga-
bas, 288, 306, 309, 502; on
moonstone, 291; on pillar, 292, 296
Divĕgala or Havidavi wihāra - Ridi
wihāra, 530
Diviyan keliya or Diviyalliya, 581
Dodan keliya, 631, 640
Dogs, demon-scarers, 513; feat of,
90; invaluable in forests, 91; on
coins, 513
Domestic animals of Vaeddas, 90
Draughts, 584
Draupadi, fire-walking ceremony, 140
Dresser, Dr. C., on false relief, 475
Drills, 558
Duncker, Dr. M., on date of Asōka,
455
Důratissa tank, 388; age, 393; en-
larged, 393; importance, 394; size,
393; water-supply, 394
Durgā, 141, 633
Duwēgala, inscription, 444
Duṭṭha-Gāmiņi, K., 27, 330, 331,
433, 438, 440, 528; built Mahi-
yangana dāgaba, 315; built Miris-
waeți dăgaba, 294; built Ruwan-
waeli dagaba, 279; capture of
Wijita-pura, 238; emblems on
crown, 538; formed reservoirs,
397; his arms, 524; inscriptions,
438-442; offerings at dāgaba, 497 ;
statue at Ruwanwaeli dāgaba, fac-
ing 279
Dwarpal, door guardians, emblems,
499, 500, 515, 516
Eannadu, channels cut by, 348
Earliest inscription, 416; letters and
language, 436
Early cities covered by soil and jungle,
243
Early trade, 107, 464
Eiyanar, Tamil name of Ayiyanār,
148
Elāra, arms, 524; site of tomb, 313
Elephant, guardian at dāgabas, 291;
in war, 524, 547, 550; on coins,
506, 510; reliefs, 280, 284, 295, 310
Ellewala-kanda game, 599
Emblem, national, of Ceylon, 549;
of Madura, 549; of Sola, 494
Engines, stone-throwing, 525
Entemena, channels cut by, 348
Erupotǎna-kanda, 418; inscriptions,
430 ff.
Ettankalli game, 630
Evil-eye, its effects due to evil
spirit, 144; outlines of hands and
feet as protection, 643; skulls as
protection, 511
Fa Hien on site of Abhayagiri, 301
Fan, Buddhist emblem, 502, 519
Female chiefs, 25, 102, 137, 150, 151,
422, 431, 435
Ferguson, Dr. J., on pillars at dāga-
bas, 268
Figures, Muhammad's prohibition, 586
Figures on coins, 494, 498 ff., 515, 517
Fire-fence, magical, 633
Fire-making by wood friction, 58;
in Australia, 56; in Ceylon, 56;
in Chittagong, 57; in Pacific Is.,
58; in Senegal, 56; in S.W.
India, 57; in Upper Nile districts,
56; three methods, 58
Fire-making, sacred, Assyrian, 651,
Indian, 655
Fire-walking ceremony, for which
deities, 141
Fisher, F. C., on improvement of
Vaeddas, 84
Fish-hook not used, 52
Fishing spear, 58
Fish on coins, 514.
Five Dēvatās, deities of Wanniyas,
158; ministers of Ayiyanår, 667
Fleet, Dr., on date of Buddha's death,
424, 458
Folk-stories, of Vaeddas, 88, 93; of
Yakā, 154
Foods, forbidden, of priests of Galē
Deviyā, 194; of priests of Gale
Yaka, 190; of Indian demon priests,
195; Vaeddas, 51; not totems, 191
Foot-ball, 630
Foote, B., on stone implements, 64
Foot-prints, early magical symbols,
519, 643
Forbes, Major, on length of cubit,
338; on Saman Deviyā, 668; on
Thūpārāma dågaba, 266
Forest Gods, 125, 137-139, 142, 143,
150, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 168,
169, 172, 174
Forests apportioned among hunters,
Four Guardian Gods, 632, 633; names,
668
Fowke, G., on notched arrow-heads,
66
Fowler, G. M., inscriptions found, 419
Fox and Geese game, 585
Fright, effect of, 79
Frog on coins, 514
Funeral feast with dead, 120, 121
Fusion of races in Ceylon, 29, 30
Gaja-Bāhu, K., 304. 632; age at
accession, 455; brought emblems
of gods from India, 632; incarnation
of demon, 143, 153; inscription, 455
Galē Baṇḍāra, 143, 144; forest deity,
170
Galē Deviyā, 144, 150; aboriginal
deity, 150; chief dewāla, 182;
dancing rocks, 191, 192; some
rocks sacred, 205; dance to him, 186,
189, 191; dance averts sickness
and bad-luck and brings rain,
188; dance unconnected with
sun or moon worship, 192; de-
struction of priests, 179; districts
in which worshipped, 177; dress,
197; emblem, 197; foods, for-
bidden, of priests, 194; food offer-
ing, 198; form of Rudra, 205,
206; functions, 155, 182, 183, 187-
189, 205; good caste men officiate
at services, 195; legend of arrival,
177-179; mode of offering food,
200; musical instruments at ser-
vices, 189, 202, priests' possessed'
on taking emblems, 189, 197, 199;
resembles Rudra, 203; temples,
183; termed a demon, 177; uten-
sils, 199; wife and sons, 135, 138,
147, 159, 206
Galē Yakā, 114, 146, 158; ceremonies
for game, prosperity, sickness,
186-189; chief Vaedda god, 134;
dances on hills, 178, 189; dancing-
rocks, 191; forbidden foods of
priests, 21, 190; hill-god of S.
India, 147; instructor of Vaeddas,
178; symbols, 189; titles, 134;
Vyādha Dēva and Puradēva of
Mahavansa, 19, 27, 135
Gal keliya, 572
Gallāēwa wihāra, inscription, 440
Gal-lena wihāra, inscriptions, 446 ff.
Gal-maediya-gala, cup-holes, 224,
228, 589
Galpițiya-gala, cup-holes, 229
Gal wihāra, date, 219
Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364
Gambling, village, 622
Games, ancient, neglected by travel-
lers, 569; their importance, 569;
three classes, 570
Games, indoor. Aembarun keliya,
571; Arasadi, 624; Āsi, 614; card
games, 621; Chaturanga, 605;
Checks, 574; Chess, 586; Demala
Diviyan, 581; Diviyan, 581;
Draughts, 584; early Indian game,
608; Five Jacks, 575; Gal, 572;
Hat Diviyan, 580; Hēwākam,
583; Indian Siga, 607; Koți, 585;
Mancala, 587; Nerenchi, 576;
Noughts and Crosses, 578; Odd
or Even, 570; Olinda, 587; Pachis,
619; Pahada, 611; Pancha, 609;
Perali Kotuwa, 583; Pol-kūru,
576; Puzzles, 622; Saturankam,
605; Siga, 603; Sōnāṛu, 614;
Spelicans, 576; Tāyam Sōnāļu,
617; with dice, 605
Games, out-door. Bōla keliya, 625;
Buhu, 628; Ettankalli, 630, Foot-
ball, 630; Kalli, 629; Pop-gun,
630; Stilts, 630; Tattu, 627;
Wala-salli, 626
Games, religious. Aņ keliya, 631,
636; Dodan, 631, 640; Mal, 631,
641; Pol, 631, 640
Gāmiņi Abhaya, K., 440 ff., 450
Gāmiņi Tissa, K., 450, 452, 453;
inscriptions, 445, 446
Gaņēsa, emblem, 499, 538; origin,
156; possibly Ilandāri, 206; Tamil
name, 206; Vaedda name, 133
Gange Bandāra, 138; invocation and
offering, 163
Garā, f. Giri, disease demons, 145, 166
Gardner, G. B., notched arrow-heads
found, 62
Gate, southern, of Anuradhapura,
its site, 273. 274
Gem, carnelian, found at dågaba,
494 age, 497
Gems, pearls, and chanks sent to
India in 5th cent B.C., 107
Gewalē Yakā, 152
Giant's Tank, 219; age, 249; in-
scription, 250; size, 247. 382;
possibly Uruwēla Tank, 251
Ginigal Dēvatāgē Kiri Ammā, 137
Gini Mangalya, fire-walking cere-
mony, 141
Gini Rahu Yakā, 141
Giridipa, possibly Malayālam, 13
Giriya, chief of Giri, 239
Glass, ancient coloured, 335
Goat on coins, 514
Gods appeal to Brahmā against
Rakshasas, 6
Goldschmidt, Dr. P., 445
Gōmbara Nacci Yaksani, Vaedda
deity, 139
Gōnagāma, landing place of Wijaya,
237, 240, 396
Gōnusu district identified, 455
Goonetilleke, E., Sinhalese races, 30
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