Duncker, Dr. M., on date of Aśōka, 455
Duratissa tank, 388; age, 393; en- larged, 393; importance, 394; size, 393; water-supply, 394 Durgā, 141, 633
Duwēgala, inscription, 444 Duṭṭha-Gāmiņi, K., 27, 330, 331,
433, 438, 440, 528; built Mahi- yangana dāgaba, 315; built Miris- waeți dăgaba, 294; built Ruwan- waeli dăgaba, 279; capture of Wijita-pura, 238; emblems on crown, 538; formed reservoirs, 397; his arms, 524; inscriptions, 438-442; offerings at dāgaba, 497 ; statue at Ruwanwaeli dāgaba, fac- ing 279
Dwarpal, door guardians, emblems, 499, 500, 515, 516
Eannadu, channels cut by, 348 Earliest inscription, 416; letters and language, 436
Early cities covered by soil and jungle, 243
Early trade, 107, 464
Eiyanar, Tamil name of Ayiyanār, 148
Elāra, arms, 524; site of tomb, 313 Elephant, guardian at dāgabas, 291;
in war, 524, 547, 550; on coins, 506, 510; reliefs, 280, 284, 295, 310 Ellewala-kanda game, 599 Emblem, national, of Ceylon, 549; of Madura, 549; of Sola, 494 Engines, stone-throwing, 525 Entemena, channels cut by, 348 Erupotǎna-kanda, 418; inscriptions, 430 ff.
Ettankalli game, 630
Evil-eye, its effects due to evil spirit, 144; outlines of hands and feet as protection, 643; skulls as protection, 511
Fa Hien on site of Abhayagiri, 301 Fan, Buddhist emblem, 502, 519 Female chiefs, 25, 102, 137, 150, 151, 422, 431, 435 Ferguson, Dr. J., on pillars at dåga- bas, 268
Figures, Muhammad's prohibition, 586 Figures on coins, 494, 498 ff., 515,517
Fire-fence, magical, 633 Fire-making by wood friction, 58; in Australia, 56; in Ceylon, 56; in Chittagong, 57; in Pacific Is., 58; in Senegal, 56; in S.W. India, 57; in Upper Nile districts, 56; three methods, 58 Fire-making, sacred, Assyrian, 651, Indian, 655
Fire-walking ceremony, for which deities, 141
Fisher, F. C., on improvement of Vaeddas, 84
Fish-hook not used, 52 Fishing spear, 58 Fish on coins, 514.
Five Dēvatās, deities of Wanniyas, 158; ministers of Ayiyanār, 667 Fleet, Dr., on date of Buddha's death, 424, 458
Folk-stories, of Vaeddas, 88, 93; of Yakā, 154
Foods, forbidden, of priests of Galē Deviyā, 194; of priests of Gale Yak, 190; of Indian demon priests, 195; Vaeddas, 51; not totems, 191 Foot-ball, 630
Foote, B., on stone implements, 64 Foot-prints, early magical symbols, 519, 643
Forbes, Major, on length of cubit,
338; on Saman Deviyā, 668; on Thūpārama dågaba, 266 Forest Gods, 125, 137-139, 142, 143,
150, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 168, 169, 172, 174
Forests apportioned among hunters, 74
Four Guardian Gods, 632, 633; names, 668
Fowke, G., on notched arrow-heads, 66 Fowler, G. M., inscriptions found, 419 Fox and Geese game, 585 Fright, effect of, 79 Frog on coins, 514
Funeral feast with dead, 120, 121 Fusion of races in Ceylon, 29, 30
Gaja-Bāhu, K., 304. 632; age at
accession, 455; brought emblems of gods from India, 632; incarnation of demon, 143, 153; inscription, 455 Galē Baṇḍāra, 143, 144; forest deity, 170
Galē Deviya, 144, 150; aboriginal deity, 150; chief dewāla, 182; dancing rocks, 191, 192; some rocks sacred, 205; dance to him, 186, 189, 191; dance averts sickness and bad-luck and brings rain, 188; dance unconnected with sun or moon worship, 192; de- struction of priests, 179; districts in which worshipped, 177; dress, 197; emblem, 197; foods, for- bidden, of priests, 194; food offer- ing, 198; form of Rudra, 205, 206; functions, 155, 182, 183, 187- 189, 205; good caste men officiate at services, 195; legend of arrival, 177-179; mode of offering food, 200; musical instruments at ser- vices, 189, 202, priests' possessed on taking emblems, 189, 197, 199; resembles Rudra, 203; temples, 183; termed a demon, 177; uten- sils, 199; wife and sons, 135, 138, 147, 159, 206
Galē Yakā, 114, 146, 158; ceremonies
for game, prosperity, sickness, 186-189; chief Vaedda god, 134; dances on hills, 178, 189; dancing- rocks, 191; forbidden foods of priests, 21, 190; hill-god of S. India, 147; instructor of Vaeddas, 178; symbols, 189; titles, 134; Vyādha Dēva and Puradēva of Mahāvansa, 19, 27, 135 Gal keliya, 572
Gallāēwa wihāra, inscription, 440 Gal-lena wihāra, inscriptions, 446 ff. Gal-maediya-gala, cup-holes, 224,
Galpitiya-gala, cup-holes, 229 Gal wihāra, date, 219
Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364
Gambling, village, 622
Games, ancient, neglected by travel-
lers, 569; their importance, 569; three classes, 570
Games, indoor. Aembarun keliya, 571; Arasadi, 624; Āsi, 614; card games, 621; Chaturanga, 605; Checks, 574; Chess, 586; Demala Diviyan, 581; Diviyan, 581; Draughts, 584; early Indian game, 608; Five Jacks, 575; Gal, 572; Hat Diviyan, 580; Hēwākam, 583; Indian Siga, 607; Koți, 585;
Mancala, 587; Nerenchi, 576; Noughts and Crosses, 578; Odd or Even, 570; Olinda, 587; Pachis, 619; Pahaḍa, 611; Pancha, 609; Perali Kotuwa, 583; Pol-kūru, 576; Puzzles, 622; Saturankam, 605; Siga, 603; Sōnāṛu, 614; Spelicans, 576; Tāyam Sōnāļu, 617; with dice, 605 Games, out-door. Bōla keliya, 625; Buhu, 628; Ettankalli, 630, Foot- ball, 630; Kalli, 629; Pop-gun, 630; Stilts, 630; Tattu, 627; Wala-salli, 626
Games, religious. An keliya, 631, 636; Dodan, 631, 640; Mal, 631, 641; Pol, 631, 640
Gāmiņi Abhaya, K., 440 ff., 450 Gāmiņi Tissa, K., 450, 452, 453; inscriptions, 445, 446
Gaņēsa, emblem, 499, 538; origin, 156; possibly Ilandāri, 206; Tamil name, 206; Vaedda name, 133 Gange Bandāra, 138; invocation and offering, 163
Gară, f. Giri, disease demons, 145, 166 Gardner, G. B., notched arrow-heads found, 62
Gate, southern, of Anuradhapura, its site, 273. 274
Gem, carnelian, found at dāgaba, 494 age, 497
Gems, pearls, and chanks sent to India in 5th cent B.C., 107 Gewalē Yakā, 152
Giant's Tank, 219; age, 249; in-
scription, 250; size, 247, 382; possibly Uruwēla Tank, 251 Ginigal Dēvatāgē Kiri Ammā, 137 Gini Mangalya, fire-walking cere- mony, 141
Gini Rahu Yakā, 141
Giridipa, possibly Malayālam, 13 Giriya, chief of Giri, 239
Glass, ancient coloured, 335 Goat on coins, 514
Gods appeal to Brahmā against Rakshasas, 6
Goldschmidt, Dr. P., 445
Gōmbara Nacci Yaksani, Vaedda deity, 139
Gōnagama, landing place of Wijaya, 237, 240, 396
Gōnusu district identified, 455 Goonetilleke, E., Sinhalese races, 30
Gōtama Buddha's 3 visits to Ceylon, Idikaṭu dāgaba, 342; age, 319; shape,
12, 425 Gōṭhāyimbara, 433
Green, E. E., discovery of stone implements, 62
Guardian Gods, Four, 632, 633, 668 Guard-stone, carvings, 499, 500, 516 Guha, Asura, conquered heaven, 149 Guppy, Dr. H. B., on fire-making, 58 Gurumā Dēvatā, Minister of Ayi- yanar, 667
Gypsies, funeral feast at grave, 121
Hair of Vaeddas, 42, 43; Kinnaras, 44
Hall, R. H., on age of 1st city at Troy, 491
Hari-hara-putra-Ayiyanār, 148 Harrison, G. D. B., on Kirindi-oya dam, 391
Hat Diviyan keliya, 580 Hat Rajjuruwō, forest deity, 28, 158, 170
Haughton, S., inscriptions found, 419 Havidavi wihāra-Ridi wihāra, 530 Heap-of-Paddy shape of dāgaba, 317, 336, 343
Ievers, R. W., coin obtained, 503; on ceremony to Ayiyanār, 172, 174; on Maederigiriya dāgaba, 269; re- paired Maha Sāēya, 277; sunk shaft in Jētavana dāgaba, 310 Iguana flesh, 51
Ilanāga, K., improved Tissa-waewa; repaired dagaba, 325
Ilandāri, 138, 150; -Bilindă, 159; chief under Mahā-Sēna, 159: forest deity, 158, 159, 170; Minister of Ayiyanar, 667; possibly form of Gaņēsa, 206; son of Gale Deviyā, 206; son of Kiri-Ammā, 159 Implements, ancient. Cotton gin, 562; mats, 565; plough, 561; ploughshare, 562; potter's wheel, 562; shuttle, 565; spinning-wheel, 562; weaving-frame, 565. Indigollāēwa,
155; dancing rock, 192; sacred hill, 205; temple to Galē Deviyā and Kiri-Ammā 136 Indra defeats Rakshasas, 5; god of heavenly fires and thunder, 3; guardian against demons, 4; guar- dian deity of Ceylon, 668
Height of Sinhalese, 41, 339; Vaed- Inscribed bricks, 283, 326, 327, 461,
Henannē-gala, inscription, 446 Henderson, Dr. J. R., oblong coin obtained, 506
Heṭṭipola dagaba, relic-chamber, 285 Hēwākam keliya, 583
Highways, ancient, 239, 243, 260, 272, 273, 300, 418
Hill-God, chief Vaedda deity, 20, 134, 147, 177; survival of worship, 33, 147; (see Galē Deviyā) Histories, names of, 11 Hoe, 56, 555
Horse, emblem of sun 514; function, 291, 514; on coin, 514; on guard- stone, 499; reliefs, 290, 291, 295 Houses, rectangular in Ceylon, 49 Howitt, Dr. A. W., on trade of Aus- tralians, 107
Human Sacrifice, 632 Hūniyan Yāka, 144, 155 Hunting by Vaeddas, 68 Hurulla Vaeddas as soldiers, 29
Inscriptions. Aet dāgaba, 322; Bō- wata, 453, 454; caves, pre-Chris- tian, 31, 32; Dambulla, 98, 99, 441, 450; Erupotāna hill, 430 ff; Gallāēwa wihāra, 440; Gal-lena wihāra, 446; Giant's Tank, 250; Henanne-gala, 446; Irat-periya- kulam, 454; Jētavana dāgaba, 308; Kaccatkodi, 432; Kandalawa wihāra, 437; Koṭā-daemu-hela, 452; Kuḍimbi-gala, 432; Kusalāna kanda, 445; Mihintale, 443, 450; Millåēwa-gala, 211; Năval Nirāvi hill, 416, 423, 426 ff.; Nayindanāwa wihāra, 433; Nuwara-gala, 451; Nuwara-kanda, 442; Oṭṭappuwa wihāra, 656; Pallēbaedda, 226; Parama-kanda, 438; Pēddawa, 253; Periya-kaḍuwa wihāra, 449; Raṇagiriya, 180; Rankirimada wihāra, 449; relic-case, 302; Ridi wihāra, 526, 528, 530; Ritigala, 444, 451; Ruwanwaeli dăgaba, 281; son of Păcina K., 454; Saes- sāēruwa, 444; Sirivaḍdhana Nu-
wara, 258; Tēvāndān Puliyan- kulam hill, 428 ff.; Thūpārāma dāgaba, 322; Titthawaela, 442; Tumbullē Waehaeragala, 231; Ussayppu-kallu, 302; Veḍikkināri hill, 431; Wellangolla, 230; earliest, 415, 416, 419; its age, 420; its letters and language, 436; no early Tamilones, 32 Invasion of Ceylon by Rama is mythical, 9; cause of 2nd cent. invasion, 102 Irat-periyakulam, inscription, 455 Irrigation as factor of civilisation,
84; result at Tissa, 394 Irrigation works, antiquity, 347; Chaldean, 348, early Indian, 348; two systems, 347; merit through constructing, 350; size, 351, 382 Itiya, 526, 532, 534 Iyakas, 19, 20, 167
Jātaka tales, 18, 106, 108, 547-551 Javelin, 523, 524; on coins 500 Jētavana dāgaba, 148; coins found
near, 463; construction, 299; cost of paving slabs, 308; depth of foundations, 310, 311; history, 307; identification, 299; inscrip- tions, 308; pillars at wāhalkaḍas, 310; shaft sunk, 310; shape and size, 309; wāhalkaḍas, 309; widest completed dågaba, 309
Jōlas, blood feuds, 83; medical use of cross-road, 654; no marriage cere- mony, 119; no time records, 110 Jōtivana, name of Nandana garden, 272, 273, 299
Jumper, 556
Jungle, density of, 79
Jūtindhara, Vaedda chief, 24
Kaccatkoḍi inscriptions, 432, 434, 435
Kadamba river, boundary of Naga-
dipa, 16, 237, 243, 272 Kadawara Dēvată, forest deity, 158, 170; origin, 157; Minister of Ayiyanar, 667
Kaelaniya dāgaba, 316; age, 316; restoration, 317; shape, 317, 343; size, 318
Kaelaniya kingdom, northern boun- dary, 441; under Nagas, 14
Kākavaņņa Tissa, K., 440; built dāgaba, 331; dedication of wihāra, 332, 497
Kālakaņņi Tissa, K., 450, 452; built dăgaba, 319; irrigation work,
Kālasēna, Vaedda K., 23
Kālavēla, fortune-teller, 237, Vaedda chief, 24, 105
Kalawaewa channel, 363; cup-holes,
Kalli keliya game, 629
Kālī, attendant of Pattini, 633; 8 forms, 151; carries itiya, 534 Kallāṛu, dams on, 410
Kalu Dēvatā, deified chief, 153; forest deity, 158, 159; Minister of Ayi- yanar, 667
Kalugal-baemma, highway, 239 Kalu Kumāra, title of Nilă, 153; Indian Yaka, 143, 145, 633 Kalu Vaeddā Yakā, 143, 145 Kalu Yaka, 143
Kalyanawati, Q., inscription, 399;
restored Batalagoḍa tank, 254; built wihåra, 254
Kambili Unnaehae, forest deity, 153, Kanaka-Sabhai, V., on Chilappati- 169; Minister of Ayiyanår, 667 karan poem, 632
Kandalawa wihāra, inscription, 437 Kandē Baṇḍāra, 143
Kande Wanniyā, Vaedda deity, 114 Kandē Yakā, Vaedda deity, 72, 143; killed Bilindā, 159
Kandian Sinhalese, abandon hamlets, 50; adhere to ancestral customs, 59; are Vaeddas, 30, 31, 100, 109; arrows, 61; bee-hunters, 73; bows, 60; chiefs allied to Vaeddas, 102; differ from W. coast race, 30; do not use fish-hook, 52; eat monkeys, 51; family pride, 102; fire-making, 57; forest deities, 143, 169, 667; hill deities, 144, 154, 177; honey taking 172; hunters' offerings, 169; hunting outfit, 109; hunters termed Vaeddas, 74; idea of locality, 78; identity of Kandian and Vaedda religions, 146; imple- ments, 561; injuries by bears, 69; laconic speech, 88; mats, 565, 566; millet cake, 52; recovery from wounds, 70; story of Galē Deviya's
arrival, 179; tools, 551; twig offer- ings, 174; tradition of Vaedda kings, 98; Vaedi-Yakās, weapons, 523; worship of ancestral spirits, 153, 154; of Ayiyanār and Skanda, 136, 143, 150, 169, 172, 174; of Galē Deviyā, 134, 147, 152; of Kiri Ammās, 151, 667; of Wanni Deviyā, 143, 150, 159 Kandiya-kaṭṭu tank, 318, 396 Kani-raja, K., inscription, 657 Kaniṭṭha-Tissa, K, -Maļu-Tissa, 302, 303, 304, 311, 313, 321
Koṭādaemu-hela, inscriptions, 452 Koți keliya, 585 Koți Sellama, 581
Koțiyo saha Harak game, 581 Kotu-baendum game, 598 Koțu Ellima game, 583 Knife, Kandian, 531, 551 Knowledge of Ceylon in Rāmāyana, 8 Knox, Capt. R., on bellows, 560; language at An keliya, 639; length of cubit, 338; Vaeddas, 95, 97; Vaeddas as soldiers, 29
Kokka-gala, dancing rock, 178, 191; landing of Galē-Yakā, 178; sacred rock, 205
Kaņņimār, offerings to, 167; Vaedda Kolambālaka, battles at, 300
Kassapa, K., 265, 281, 294, 308, 314 Kastānē, sabre, 531, 544
Kataragama temple, 103, 114 ff., 159 Kaṭiyawa tank, 219 Kațu Maha Sāēya, 319
Keiyanar, name of Ayiyanår, 148 Kemadi, dice, 605
Kosgama Kiri Ammā, 137
Kovilan or Kovālan, legend of, 631, Kōvila Wanamē, Vaedda clan, 113,
Kravi, conquered heaven, 6 Kris, 532
Kuda Mi-maessa bee, 72
Kuḍā-Tissa, K., inscription, 451
Keteriya, axe, 542, 549; at Bādāmi, Kuḍā Waera-gala, cup-holes, 228
Kha-em-Uast, knowledge of magic, 645
Khallata-Nāga, K., 280, 445 Kinnaras, Buddhists, 45; curly hair, 44; lowest caste, 44; may come from Malayalam, 45 ; mat weaving, 565; mode of life, 45
Kinō-mal Nacci, Vaedda goddess, 138 Kiri Amma, averts bad luck and sickness, 188; forest deity, 135, 162, 169; Giri-Ammā, 135, 206; Mōhini, 136, 158; sons, 138, 158, 159, 206; temple, 147; wife of Galē Yakā, 135, 147; worship, 162-165
Kiri Ammās, Seven, 137; deified f.
chiefs, 150; forms of Pattinī, 151; goddesses, 667; offerings, 165 Kiribat dågaba, age, 315, coin from, 490; size, 315
Kirindi-oya, 240, 241, 388; dam, 390,
Kirti Bandāra, 154 Kirti Sri, K., 154, 530 Kitikaḍawala tank, 219 Kiwiyaluwa, birthplace of Wanni Deviya, 159
Kohombe Yakā, 140, 146 Kondanāmikā, Vaedda queen, 23
Kuḍimbi-gala, cup-hole, 231; inscrip- tions, 432
Kukulāpola Kiri Ammā, 137, 165 Kumāra, Skanda, 114, 145; Vaedda chief, 24
Kumāra Baṇḍāra, 145, 200, 633 Kumāra Dhātu-Sēna, K., death, 253 Kumara Yakā, 145
Kumbē Yakā, 140, 144, 146 Kumbha, zodiacal sign, 141 Kumbōkaṭā, Vaedda slave, 25 Kurinjā-kuļam dam, 412 Kurumbuḍa Dēvatā or Yakā, 146, 200; altar, 202; arrival, 178, 179; emblem, 197; forest guardian, 180; offerings, 200, 202 Kurunāēgala Postimā Baṇḍāra, 144 Kusalāna-kanda, inscription, 445 Kuwēni, Vaedda princess, 17, 23, 24, 236; children, 24, 113 Kuvēra, King in Ceylon, 6; home on Alaka Mt., 164; ruler of Yakshas, II, 140
Lajji-Tissa, K., built Sela caitya, 297; erected wāhalkaḍas, 280 Lakshmana, brother of Rāma, 668 Lamps scare demons, 270; hung round dāgabas, 269, 289, 321
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