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Bill-hook, 552; emblem of Gale

Deviya, 189, 197

Birds carved at dågabas, 268, 291,
292, 314, 322, 487
Black-skinned races, 46

Blood or flesh offered to demons, 142
Boksal, name of Ayiyanår, 668
Bōla keliya, 625

Bō-tree planted, 115, 272, 273:
taken to Anuradhapura, 273, 424
Bow, 59, 523, 539; British, 59; modes
of holding, 60; on coins, 516; size,
274; strings, 60

Bōwala Děyā, 137; Yakā, 146
Bowata, inscriptions, 453, 454
Bōwela-gedara Kiri-Ammā, Vaedda
deity, 137

Bricks. Ancient types not reverted
to, 304; archaeological value, 209;
at caves, 218; dates at structures,
211; decrease in size to 13th cent.,
215; detailed measurements, 667;
inscribed, 283, 326, 327, 461, 462;
irregularity in size, 218; limits of
size, 216; mentioned in Satapatha
Brahmana, 213; relative values of
measurements, 215; sizes, 214,
339; value for dates, 210, 215, 217;
variation in proportions, 216
Brick-makers' cubit, 340
Brick structures, dates of, 211
Bridges, 243, 272, 274, 405
Bubble-shaped dāgabas, 263, 276,
286, 293, 295, 306, 309, 336, 343
Buddha, date of death, 424; 3 visits
to Ceylon, 12-14

Buddhism, early wihāras in N. Cey-
lon, 32, 418

Buddhist railing, 269, 276, 277, 288,
295, 296, 306, 309, 312; known in
3rd cent. B.C., 277; magical fence
against demons, 268, 269, 659
Buffaloes, for riding and stalking, 92 ;
first introduced, 562
Buhu keliya, 628

Builders and masons' cubit, 340
Buja Parākama-Bāhu, K., 354
Bull, recumbent, on coins, 494
Bull standing, at dågabas, 290, 291,
295, 502; emblem of gods, 511
Bull's skull, an amulet, 511
Burrows, S. M., discoveries-axes,

554, hoe, 555; inscribed relic-cases,
302; oblong coins, 463; pick-
hammer, 556

Caillié on Moorish Siga game, 608
Cairn-shaped dāgaba, 317, 343
Caldwell, Bishop, on Dravidian in-
tellect, 40; Sinhalese annals, 9
Candragupta, date of, 349
Canon for dågabas, 336
Card games, 621
Carnelian gem, 328, 494
Cavalry, 545, 547, 548

Caves, 31, 97, 417, 418; abandoned
by Vaeddas in pre-Christian times,
31, 97; first residents used stone
implements, 31 ; inscriptions rarely
post-Christian, 32; names of, 449;
prepared for monks, 31, 418; occu-
pation by Vaeddas, 48; temples in,
181, 183, 426, 435
Census of Vaeddas, 38

Cētiyā, Vaedi chieftainess, 24, 25
Ceylon, origin of name, 29
Channels, antiquity of, 347; earliest
Chaldean, 348; Indian, 348; opened
from rivers, 390, 404, 408, 409, 411,
412

Charmed thread as protection, 23
Chariots, 547

Chatta, magical protection, 288, 517;
on coin, 500; on dågaba spires, 276,
280, 281, 288, 293, 294, 305, 307,
312, 314, 317, 324, 325
Chatty-shaped dāgaba, 343
Chaturanga game, 605

Chekku oil mill, efficiency, 234
Chess, 586
Chisels, 556
Chokō game, 604
Chōnka game, 599

Christie, H. B., arrow-heads of, 61
Chronology of early kings, 424, 455;
table facing 458

Churning of Ocean, 136, 147, 196
Cicero on virtue in words, 250
Circle with 6 emblems a magical dia-

gram, 317

Citta, Vaedda K., 25, 104
Civilisation of Vaeddas, 26, 103
Clans of Vaeddas, 113

Club, 161, 524, 526, 543

Cobras carved at dågabas and tanks,
289, 307, 310, 500, 657; guardians,
512; on coin, 500

Coinage in Mahāvansa, 468; in

Vedas, 467, 468

Coins, copper and silver of one scale,

488; early, in dāgabas, 459; large

circular, 490, 503; mentioned in
inscription, 528; symbols on, 491
ff., 506 ff.; symbols were protect-
ive, 500, 520; weights, 489, 505;
were amulets, 490, 501, 520
Coins, oblong, 461; age, 462, 490;
date of burial, 494; from Anură-
dhapura, 463, 482; from Mulleit-
tīvu, 461, 476; from Tissa, 461,
474; irregularity of weight, 489;
in S. India, 490, 506; weights, 488;
were tokens, 489

Codrington, H. W., on Kohombē
Yakā, 146

Connection of Vaedda and Sinhalese

religions, 146
Conundrums, 623

Copleston, Bishop R.S., on identifi-
cation of Sirivaḍdhana Nuwara,
254

Copper in India, 467; not in Vedas,
467

Cotton gin, 562, 564

Crescent on coins, 509, 516, 517
Cross, 643; Assyrian, 656; auspicious
character, 648; bars on it, protect-
ive, 492, 661; dots not nails, 661;
emblem of gods and life, 148, 652;
general early use, 646; guarded by
enclosing square, 654; guardian,
657, 688; in Accadian tomb, 649;
in Australia, 661; in dāgaba, 650;
in Egypt, 646; in inscriptions, 449,
657; meaning, 647 ; not emblem of
sacred fire, 655; nor of sun, 655;
on coins, 512; on figures, 655; on
Purāna, 470; origin of barred and
guarded crosses, 660; origin of
Swastika, 659; protective powers,
649; spirit home, 492, 654; sym-
bolical pictograph, 650, 653
Cross-bow, 525

Crossing the River, puzzle, 623
Cross-roads auspicious, 654; sites for

dāgabas, 654; spirit haunts, 654;
use in medicine, 654
Cubit bricks, length, 339

Cubit, length, 338; two sizes, 340
Culāni, K., address to troops, 551
Cūlanaga, Nāga K., 455

Culin, S., on Mancala game, 590, 591
Culōdara, Nāga K., 425
Cutting the Waters, 642

Cult of Indian demons, tradition of
introduction, 155

Cunningham, Sir A., date of Sanchi
dagaba, 213; erosion of Purānas,
465; scales of coinage, 488; sym-
bols on coins, meaning, 518
Cup-holes, large, as lamps, 232; at
Galmaeḍiya-gala, 228; Galpitiya-
gala, 229; Kalawaewa channel,
229; Kuḍā Waera-gala, 228; Ku-
dimbi-gala, 231; Nāgadarana-
gama, 232; Rūgama tank, 231;
Sigarata-hēna, 228; Tamara-gala,
232; Tumbullē Waehaera-gala, 231;
Wellangolla, 230; description, 232;
groups observed by Vaeddas, 232;
name, 233; possible use, 233
Cup-holes, small, at Allekaṭṭu dam,
222; Galmaeḍiyā-gala, 224; Lena-
ma-gala, 228; Pallebaedda, 226;
Sigarata-hēna, 224; for Olinda
keliya, age, 589; rare, 222

Daedimuṇḍā, 139, 200
Dāgabas. Abhayagiri, 298; Aet,
332; Aśōka's, 278; Dakuņu, 312;
Damila, 309; Dighavāpi, 318;
Heṭṭipola, 285; Idikatu, 319;
Jētavana, 307; Kaelaniya, 316;
Kahatagaswela, 344; Kiribat, 315;
Lankarāma, 311; Maeņik, 330;
Mahānāga, 323 ; Maha Sāēya, 275;
Mahinda, 278; Mahiyangana, 315;
Manisōma, 311; Miniature, 341;
Miriswaeți, 294; Nāga-mālaka, 279;
Nikawae-kanda, 332; Oṭṭappuwa,
343; Ruwanwaeli, 279; Sandagiri,
324, 327; Sangamittă, 278; Sara-
bhu's, 315; Sēla, 297; Sēruvila,
330; Sila Sobbha Kandaka, 304;
Sōmavati, 330; Tissa, 323; Uddha-
cūļābhaya's, 315; Wellangolla, 344;
Yaṭṭhāla, 327

Animals carved at, 268, 289–291,
295, 296, 307, 310, 312, 322; articles
placed in, 285, 328, 332, 334, 459,
494; beads in, 334 ; canon for, 336;
coins found in, 310, 328, 459; com-
pared with Pyramids, 262; first
great ones, 296; earliest in Ceylon,
262; guardian deities at, 307, 310,
314, 342; guardian of, 212; heights,
266, 276, 288, 293, 294, 298, 307,
312, 316, 318, 321, 326, 330, 341;
Indian with 5 chattas, 293; lamps
hung round, 269, 289, 321, 322;

mode of raising materials, 326;
names for, 261; names of parts,
337; not on Purānas, 519; on coins,
509; pearls in, 335; shape of Phoe-
nician tomb, 261; proportions, 337,
341; purpose of encircling pillars,
269, 289; site fixed by animals,
331; six shapes, 336; state in 12th
cent., 298; types of, 336, 342
Dagger, 531

Dahanaka Bandāra, deified chief, 200
Dakuņu dāgaba, age, 312; roof over,

313; shape and size, 312; wāhal-
kadas, 314

Dalada Maligawa at Sirivaḍdhana
Nuwara, 258

Dambadiva, name of India, 14
Dambulla, inscriptions, 98, 99, 441,
450

Damila Thupa, 309

Dams, river. Allēkaṭṭu, 410; Aruvi-

āru, 247; Kirindi-oya, 390; Kuri-
njā-kulam, 412; oblique, 391
Dancing Rocks of Galē Deviyā, 191–
194, 197, 205; of Galē Yakā, 178,
189, 191, 205

Danduwaella bee, 72

Dappula II, K.,

357

Darwin, C., on fire-making, 58
Dathōpa-Tissa, K., 265

Davids, Prof. Rhys, inscriptions
translated, 415; on date of Aśōka,
455; position of women, 422
Davy, Dr. J., on bellows, 561; on
Kataragama, 115; on length of
bow, 539; on length of cubit, 338
Dedication of wihāra, 332

Deer-horns gnawed by porcupines, 74
Deification of chiefs, instances, 137,

153

Deities, forest, 138, 139, 142, 143, 150,

159, 169, 172, 206; insignia, 141,
144, 145, 156, 160, 161, 189, 197,
200, 525, 632; on coins, 499, 500,
517; of Vaeddas, 133 ff., 177 ff., 206;
of Wanniyas, 158

Demala Diviyan keliya, 581
Demons. Cheated by Gods, 136;

days for ceremonies to, 194; num-
ber in Ceylon, 521; offerings by
Vaeddas, 97; priests' food pro-
hibition, 195; Vaedi, 139 ff.
Demon-scarers. Auspicious things
and words, 649; cross, 649, 650,
657; dog, 513; foul language and

gestures, 635; gods, their emblems
and vahanas, 3 ff., 510 ff., 635;
physicians, 515; tree, sacred, 512;
sistrum, 506; snake, 512; sun, 3,
288, 291, 296, 306, 309, 503, 511,
656, 657; swastika, 493
Deva-giriya Raṇa-giriya, 179
Dēvānam-piya Tissa, K., date, 455;
dāgabas built, 262; embassies to
Asōka, 497; founded Păcina wihā-
ra, 423; meeting with Mahinda,
27, 320; planted Bō-tree, 273;
received State Sword from Aśōka,
523; statue, 320

Dēvatā Baṇḍāra, 140, 200
Dēvatās guard dāgabas, 342; food
offering to, 201

Devi-Amman, fire-walking ceremony,

141

Devol or Devel Deviyā, fire-walking
ceremony, 141

Dĕwāla, 183, 184, 525

Deyiyanne kapuwā, priest of Gale
Yakā, 188

Dhananjaya, K., guarded by ances-
tral spirit, 152

Dhātu-Sēna, K., 281, 307

Dhātuvansa, II

Dhumarakkha Mt., near Mahawaeli-

ganga, 24

Dialect, Kaele Basa, 123; of Vaeddas,
20, 123
Dighathupa, 297

Dighavapi, 14; age, 388, 396; identi-
fied, 396

Dighavapi dāgaba, commemorative,
318; discovery, 318; founder, 318
Dimensions, ancient, in feet, 340
Dipavansa, date, 9

Disk, sun's, 656; not astrological,
516; on coins, 501, 516; on dåga-
bas, 288, 306, 309, 502; on
moonstone, 291; on pillar, 292, 296
Divĕgala or Havidavi wihāra - Ridi
wihāra, 530

Diviyan keliya or Diviyalliya, 581
Dodan keliya, 631, 640

Dogs, demon-scarers, 513; feat of,
90; invaluable in forests, 91; on
coins, 513

Domestic animals of Vaeddas, 90
Draughts, 584

Draupadi, fire-walking ceremony, 140
Dresser, Dr. C., on false relief, 475
Drills, 558

Duncker, Dr. M., on date of Asōka,
455

Důratissa tank, 388; age, 393; en-
larged, 393; importance, 394; size,
393; water-supply, 394
Durgā, 141, 633

Duwēgala, inscription, 444
Duṭṭha-Gāmiņi, K., 27, 330, 331,

433, 438, 440, 528; built Mahi-
yangana dāgaba, 315; built Miris-
waeți dăgaba, 294; built Ruwan-
waeli dagaba, 279; capture of
Wijita-pura, 238; emblems on
crown, 538; formed reservoirs,
397; his arms, 524; inscriptions,
438-442; offerings at dāgaba, 497 ;
statue at Ruwanwaeli dāgaba, fac-
ing 279

Dwarpal, door guardians, emblems,
499, 500, 515, 516

Eannadu, channels cut by, 348
Earliest inscription, 416; letters and
language, 436

Early cities covered by soil and jungle,
243

Early trade, 107, 464

Eiyanar, Tamil name of Ayiyanār,
148

Elāra, arms, 524; site of tomb, 313
Elephant, guardian at dāgabas, 291;

in war, 524, 547, 550; on coins,
506, 510; reliefs, 280, 284, 295, 310
Ellewala-kanda game, 599
Emblem, national, of Ceylon, 549;
of Madura, 549; of Sola, 494
Engines, stone-throwing, 525
Entemena, channels cut by, 348
Erupotǎna-kanda, 418; inscriptions,
430 ff.

Ettankalli game, 630

Evil-eye, its effects due to evil
spirit, 144; outlines of hands and
feet as protection, 643; skulls as
protection, 511

Fa Hien on site of Abhayagiri, 301
Fan, Buddhist emblem, 502, 519
Female chiefs, 25, 102, 137, 150, 151,
422, 431, 435
Ferguson, Dr. J., on pillars at dāga-
bas, 268

Figures, Muhammad's prohibition, 586
Figures on coins, 494, 498 ff., 515, 517

Fire-fence, magical, 633
Fire-making by wood friction, 58;
in Australia, 56; in Ceylon, 56;
in Chittagong, 57; in Pacific Is.,
58; in Senegal, 56; in S.W.
India, 57; in Upper Nile districts,
56; three methods, 58
Fire-making, sacred, Assyrian, 651,
Indian, 655

Fire-walking ceremony, for which
deities, 141

Fisher, F. C., on improvement of
Vaeddas, 84

Fish-hook not used, 52
Fishing spear, 58
Fish on coins, 514.

Five Dēvatās, deities of Wanniyas,
158; ministers of Ayiyanår, 667
Fleet, Dr., on date of Buddha's death,
424, 458

Folk-stories, of Vaeddas, 88, 93; of
Yakā, 154

Foods, forbidden, of priests of Galē
Deviyā, 194; of priests of Gale
Yaka, 190; of Indian demon priests,
195; Vaeddas, 51; not totems, 191
Foot-ball, 630

Foote, B., on stone implements, 64
Foot-prints, early magical symbols,
519, 643

Forbes, Major, on length of cubit,

338; on Saman Deviyā, 668; on
Thūpārāma dågaba, 266

Forest Gods, 125, 137-139, 142, 143,

150, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 168,
169, 172, 174

Forests apportioned among hunters,

74

Four Guardian Gods, 632, 633; names,
668

Fowke, G., on notched arrow-heads,
66
Fowler, G. M., inscriptions found, 419
Fox and Geese game, 585
Fright, effect of, 79
Frog on coins, 514

Funeral feast with dead, 120, 121
Fusion of races in Ceylon, 29, 30

Gaja-Bāhu, K., 304. 632; age at

accession, 455; brought emblems
of gods from India, 632; incarnation
of demon, 143, 153; inscription, 455
Galē Baṇḍāra, 143, 144; forest deity,
170

Galē Deviyā, 144, 150; aboriginal
deity, 150; chief dewāla, 182;
dancing rocks, 191, 192; some
rocks sacred, 205; dance to him, 186,
189, 191; dance averts sickness
and bad-luck and brings rain,
188; dance unconnected with
sun or moon worship, 192; de-
struction of priests, 179; districts
in which worshipped, 177; dress,
197; emblem, 197; foods, for-
bidden, of priests, 194; food offer-
ing, 198; form of Rudra, 205,
206; functions, 155, 182, 183, 187-
189, 205; good caste men officiate
at services, 195; legend of arrival,
177-179; mode of offering food,
200; musical instruments at ser-
vices, 189, 202, priests' possessed'
on taking emblems, 189, 197, 199;
resembles Rudra, 203; temples,
183; termed a demon, 177; uten-
sils, 199; wife and sons, 135, 138,
147, 159, 206

Galē Yakā, 114, 146, 158; ceremonies

for game, prosperity, sickness,
186-189; chief Vaedda god, 134;
dances on hills, 178, 189; dancing-
rocks, 191; forbidden foods of
priests, 21, 190; hill-god of S.
India, 147; instructor of Vaeddas,
178; symbols, 189; titles, 134;
Vyādha Dēva and Puradēva of
Mahavansa, 19, 27, 135
Gal keliya, 572

Gallāēwa wihāra, inscription, 440
Gal-lena wihāra, inscriptions, 446 ff.
Gal-maediya-gala, cup-holes, 224,
228, 589

Galpițiya-gala, cup-holes, 229
Gal wihāra, date, 219
Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364

Gambling, village, 622

Games, ancient, neglected by travel-

lers, 569; their importance, 569;
three classes, 570

Games, indoor. Aembarun keliya,

571; Arasadi, 624; Āsi, 614; card
games, 621; Chaturanga, 605;
Checks, 574; Chess, 586; Demala
Diviyan, 581; Diviyan, 581;
Draughts, 584; early Indian game,
608; Five Jacks, 575; Gal, 572;
Hat Diviyan, 580; Hēwākam,
583; Indian Siga, 607; Koți, 585;

Mancala, 587; Nerenchi, 576;
Noughts and Crosses, 578; Odd
or Even, 570; Olinda, 587; Pachis,
619; Pahada, 611; Pancha, 609;
Perali Kotuwa, 583; Pol-kūru,
576; Puzzles, 622; Saturankam,
605; Siga, 603; Sōnāṛu, 614;
Spelicans, 576; Tāyam Sōnāļu,
617; with dice, 605
Games, out-door. Bōla keliya, 625;
Buhu, 628; Ettankalli, 630, Foot-
ball, 630; Kalli, 629; Pop-gun,
630; Stilts, 630; Tattu, 627;
Wala-salli, 626

Games, religious. Aņ keliya, 631,
636; Dodan, 631, 640; Mal, 631,
641; Pol, 631, 640

Gāmiņi Abhaya, K., 440 ff., 450
Gāmiņi Tissa, K., 450, 452, 453;
inscriptions, 445, 446

Gaņēsa, emblem, 499, 538; origin,
156; possibly Ilandāri, 206; Tamil
name, 206; Vaedda name, 133
Gange Bandāra, 138; invocation and
offering, 163

Garā, f. Giri, disease demons, 145, 166
Gardner, G. B., notched arrow-heads
found, 62

Gate, southern, of Anuradhapura,
its site, 273. 274

Gem, carnelian, found at dågaba,
494 age, 497

Gems, pearls, and chanks sent to
India in 5th cent B.C., 107
Gewalē Yakā, 152

Giant's Tank, 219; age, 249; in-
scription, 250; size, 247. 382;
possibly Uruwēla Tank, 251
Ginigal Dēvatāgē Kiri Ammā, 137
Gini Mangalya, fire-walking cere-
mony, 141

Gini Rahu Yakā, 141

Giridipa, possibly Malayālam, 13
Giriya, chief of Giri, 239

Glass, ancient coloured, 335
Goat on coins, 514

Gods appeal to Brahmā against
Rakshasas, 6

Goldschmidt, Dr. P., 445

Gōmbara Nacci Yaksani, Vaedda
deity, 139

Gōnagāma, landing place of Wijaya,
237, 240, 396

Gōnusu district identified, 455
Goonetilleke, E., Sinhalese races, 30

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