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Duncker, Dr. M., on date of Aśōka,
455

Duratissa tank, 388; age, 393; en-
larged, 393; importance, 394; size,
393; water-supply, 394
Durgā, 141, 633

Duwēgala, inscription, 444
Duṭṭha-Gāmiņi, K., 27, 330, 331,

433, 438, 440, 528; built Mahi-
yangana dāgaba, 315; built Miris-
waeți dăgaba, 294; built Ruwan-
waeli dăgaba, 279; capture of
Wijita-pura, 238; emblems on
crown, 538; formed reservoirs,
397; his arms, 524; inscriptions,
438-442; offerings at dāgaba, 497 ;
statue at Ruwanwaeli dāgaba, fac-
ing 279

Dwarpal, door guardians, emblems,
499, 500, 515, 516

Eannadu, channels cut by, 348
Earliest inscription, 416; letters and
language, 436

Early cities covered by soil and jungle,
243

Early trade, 107, 464

Eiyanar, Tamil name of Ayiyanār,
148

Elāra, arms, 524; site of tomb, 313
Elephant, guardian at dāgabas, 291;

in war, 524, 547, 550; on coins,
506, 510; reliefs, 280, 284, 295, 310
Ellewala-kanda game, 599
Emblem, national, of Ceylon, 549;
of Madura, 549; of Sola, 494
Engines, stone-throwing, 525
Entemena, channels cut by, 348
Erupotǎna-kanda, 418; inscriptions,
430 ff.

Ettankalli game, 630

Evil-eye, its effects due to evil
spirit, 144; outlines of hands and
feet as protection, 643; skulls as
protection, 511

Fa Hien on site of Abhayagiri, 301
Fan, Buddhist emblem, 502, 519
Female chiefs, 25, 102, 137, 150, 151,
422, 431, 435
Ferguson, Dr. J., on pillars at dåga-
bas, 268

Figures, Muhammad's prohibition, 586
Figures on coins, 494, 498 ff., 515,517

Fire-fence, magical, 633
Fire-making by wood friction, 58;
in Australia, 56; in Ceylon, 56;
in Chittagong, 57; in Pacific Is.,
58; in Senegal, 56; in S.W.
India, 57; in Upper Nile districts,
56; three methods, 58
Fire-making, sacred, Assyrian, 651,
Indian, 655

Fire-walking ceremony, for which
deities, 141

Fisher, F. C., on improvement of
Vaeddas, 84

Fish-hook not used, 52
Fishing spear, 58
Fish on coins, 514.

Five Dēvatās, deities of Wanniyas,
158; ministers of Ayiyanār, 667
Fleet, Dr., on date of Buddha's death,
424, 458

Folk-stories, of Vaeddas, 88, 93; of
Yakā, 154

Foods, forbidden, of priests of Galē
Deviyā, 194; of priests of Gale
Yak, 190; of Indian demon priests,
195; Vaeddas, 51; not totems, 191
Foot-ball, 630

Foote, B., on stone implements, 64
Foot-prints, early magical symbols,
519, 643

Forbes, Major, on length of cubit,

338; on Saman Deviyā, 668; on
Thūpārama dågaba, 266
Forest Gods, 125, 137-139, 142, 143,

150, 158, 159, 162, 163, 165, 168,
169, 172, 174

Forests apportioned among hunters,
74

Four Guardian Gods, 632, 633; names,
668

Fowke, G., on notched arrow-heads,
66
Fowler, G. M., inscriptions found, 419
Fox and Geese game, 585
Fright, effect of, 79
Frog on coins, 514

Funeral feast with dead, 120, 121
Fusion of races in Ceylon, 29, 30

Gaja-Bāhu, K., 304. 632; age at

accession, 455; brought emblems
of gods from India, 632; incarnation
of demon, 143, 153; inscription, 455
Galē Baṇḍāra, 143, 144; forest deity,
170

Galē Deviya, 144, 150; aboriginal
deity, 150; chief dewāla, 182;
dancing rocks, 191, 192; some
rocks sacred, 205; dance to him, 186,
189, 191; dance averts sickness
and bad-luck and brings rain,
188; dance unconnected with
sun or moon worship, 192; de-
struction of priests, 179; districts
in which worshipped, 177; dress,
197; emblem, 197; foods, for-
bidden, of priests, 194; food offer-
ing, 198; form of Rudra, 205,
206; functions, 155, 182, 183, 187-
189, 205; good caste men officiate
at services, 195; legend of arrival,
177-179; mode of offering food,
200; musical instruments at ser-
vices, 189, 202, priests' possessed
on taking emblems, 189, 197, 199;
resembles Rudra, 203; temples,
183; termed a demon, 177; uten-
sils, 199; wife and sons, 135, 138,
147, 159, 206

Galē Yakā, 114, 146, 158; ceremonies

for game, prosperity, sickness,
186-189; chief Vaedda god, 134;
dances on hills, 178, 189; dancing-
rocks, 191; forbidden foods of
priests, 21, 190; hill-god of S.
India, 147; instructor of Vaeddas,
178; symbols, 189; titles, 134;
Vyādha Dēva and Puradēva of
Mahāvansa, 19, 27, 135
Gal keliya, 572

Gallāēwa wihāra, inscription, 440
Gal-lena wihāra, inscriptions, 446 ff.
Gal-maediya-gala, cup-holes, 224,

228, 589

Galpitiya-gala, cup-holes, 229
Gal wihāra, date, 219

Gāmaņi-vāpi, 364

Gambling, village, 622

Games, ancient, neglected by travel-

lers, 569; their importance, 569;
three classes, 570

Games, indoor. Aembarun keliya,
571; Arasadi, 624; Āsi, 614; card
games, 621; Chaturanga, 605;
Checks, 574; Chess, 586; Demala
Diviyan, 581; Diviyan, 581;
Draughts, 584; early Indian game,
608; Five Jacks, 575; Gal, 572;
Hat Diviyan, 580; Hēwākam,
583; Indian Siga, 607; Koți, 585;

Mancala, 587; Nerenchi, 576;
Noughts and Crosses, 578; Odd
or Even, 570; Olinda, 587; Pachis,
619; Pahaḍa, 611; Pancha, 609;
Perali Kotuwa, 583; Pol-kūru,
576; Puzzles, 622; Saturankam,
605; Siga, 603; Sōnāṛu, 614;
Spelicans, 576; Tāyam Sōnāļu,
617; with dice, 605
Games, out-door. Bōla keliya, 625;
Buhu, 628; Ettankalli, 630, Foot-
ball, 630; Kalli, 629; Pop-gun,
630; Stilts, 630; Tattu, 627;
Wala-salli, 626

Games, religious. An keliya, 631,
636; Dodan, 631, 640; Mal, 631,
641; Pol, 631, 640

Gāmiņi Abhaya, K., 440 ff., 450
Gāmiņi Tissa, K., 450, 452, 453;
inscriptions, 445, 446

Gaņēsa, emblem, 499, 538; origin,
156; possibly Ilandāri, 206; Tamil
name, 206; Vaedda name, 133
Gange Bandāra, 138; invocation and
offering, 163

Gară, f. Giri, disease demons, 145, 166
Gardner, G. B., notched arrow-heads
found, 62

Gate, southern, of Anuradhapura,
its site, 273. 274

Gem, carnelian, found at dāgaba,
494 age, 497

Gems, pearls, and chanks sent to
India in 5th cent B.C., 107
Gewalē Yakā, 152

Giant's Tank, 219; age, 249; in-

scription, 250; size, 247, 382;
possibly Uruwēla Tank, 251
Ginigal Dēvatāgē Kiri Ammā, 137
Gini Mangalya, fire-walking cere-
mony, 141

Gini Rahu Yakā, 141

Giridipa, possibly Malayālam, 13
Giriya, chief of Giri, 239

Glass, ancient coloured, 335
Goat on coins, 514

Gods appeal to Brahmā against
Rakshasas, 6

Goldschmidt, Dr. P., 445

Gōmbara Nacci Yaksani, Vaedda
deity, 139

Gōnagama, landing place of Wijaya,
237, 240, 396

Gōnusu district identified, 455
Goonetilleke, E., Sinhalese races, 30

Gōtama Buddha's 3 visits to Ceylon, Idikaṭu dāgaba, 342; age, 319; shape,

12, 425
Gōṭhāyimbara, 433

Green, E. E., discovery of stone
implements, 62

Guardian Gods, Four, 632, 633, 668
Guard-stone, carvings, 499, 500, 516
Guha, Asura, conquered heaven, 149
Guppy, Dr. H. B., on fire-making, 58
Gurumā Dēvatā, Minister of Ayi-
yanar, 667

Gypsies, funeral feast at grave, 121

Hair of Vaeddas, 42, 43; Kinnaras,
44

Hall, R. H., on age of 1st city at
Troy, 491

Hammer, 557

Hari-hara-putra-Ayiyanār, 148
Harrison, G. D. B., on Kirindi-oya
dam, 391

Hat Diviyan keliya, 580
Hat Rajjuruwō, forest deity, 28,
158, 170

Haughton, S., inscriptions found, 419
Havidavi wihāra-Ridi wihāra, 530
Heap-of-Paddy shape of dāgaba,
317, 336, 343

320

Ievers, R. W., coin obtained, 503; on
ceremony to Ayiyanār, 172, 174;
on Maederigiriya dāgaba, 269; re-
paired Maha Sāēya, 277; sunk
shaft in Jētavana dāgaba, 310
Iguana flesh, 51

Ilanāga, K., improved Tissa-waewa;
repaired dagaba, 325

Ilandāri, 138, 150; -Bilindă, 159; chief
under Mahā-Sēna, 159: forest
deity, 158, 159, 170; Minister of
Ayiyanar, 667; possibly form of
Gaņēsa, 206; son of Gale Deviyā,
206; son of Kiri-Ammā, 159
Implements, ancient. Cotton gin,
562; mats, 565; plough, 561;
ploughshare, 562; potter's wheel,
562; shuttle, 565; spinning-wheel,
562; weaving-frame, 565.
Indigollāēwa,

155; dancing rock,
192; sacred hill, 205; temple to
Galē Deviyā and Kiri-Ammā 136
Indra defeats Rakshasas, 5; god of
heavenly fires and thunder, 3;
guardian against demons, 4; guar-
dian deity of Ceylon, 668

Height of Sinhalese, 41, 339; Vaed- Inscribed bricks, 283, 326, 327, 461,

[blocks in formation]

Henannē-gala, inscription, 446
Henderson, Dr. J. R., oblong coin
obtained, 506

Heṭṭipola dagaba, relic-chamber, 285
Hēwākam keliya, 583

Highways, ancient, 239, 243, 260, 272,
273, 300, 418

Hill-God, chief Vaedda deity, 20, 134,
147, 177; survival of worship, 33,
147; (see Galē Deviyā)
Histories, names of, 11
Hoe, 56, 555

Horse, emblem of sun 514; function,
291, 514; on coin, 514; on guard-
stone, 499; reliefs, 290, 291, 295
Houses, rectangular in Ceylon, 49
Howitt, Dr. A. W., on trade of Aus-
tralians, 107

Human Sacrifice, 632
Hūniyan Yāka, 144, 155
Hunting by Vaeddas, 68
Hurulla Vaeddas as soldiers, 29

462

Inscriptions. Aet dāgaba, 322; Bō-
wata, 453, 454; caves, pre-Chris-
tian, 31, 32; Dambulla, 98, 99,
441, 450; Erupotāna hill, 430 ff;
Gallāēwa wihāra, 440; Gal-lena
wihāra, 446; Giant's Tank, 250;
Henanne-gala, 446; Irat-periya-
kulam, 454; Jētavana dāgaba, 308;
Kaccatkodi, 432; Kandalawa
wihāra, 437; Koṭā-daemu-hela,
452; Kuḍimbi-gala, 432; Kusalāna
kanda, 445; Mihintale, 443, 450;
Millåēwa-gala, 211; Năval Nirāvi
hill, 416, 423, 426 ff.; Nayindanāwa
wihāra, 433; Nuwara-gala, 451;
Nuwara-kanda, 442; Oṭṭappuwa
wihāra, 656; Pallēbaedda, 226;
Parama-kanda, 438; Pēddawa,
253; Periya-kaḍuwa wihāra, 449;
Raṇagiriya, 180; Rankirimada
wihāra, 449; relic-case, 302; Ridi
wihāra, 526, 528, 530; Ritigala,
444, 451; Ruwanwaeli dăgaba,
281; son of Păcina K., 454; Saes-
sāēruwa, 444; Sirivaḍdhana Nu-

wara, 258; Tēvāndān Puliyan-
kulam hill, 428 ff.; Thūpārāma
dāgaba, 322; Titthawaela, 442;
Tumbullē Waehaeragala, 231;
Ussayppu-kallu, 302; Veḍikkināri
hill, 431; Wellangolla, 230; earliest,
415, 416, 419; its age, 420; its
letters and language, 436; no
early Tamilones, 32
Invasion of Ceylon by Rama is
mythical, 9; cause of 2nd cent.
invasion, 102
Irat-periyakulam, inscription, 455
Irrigation as factor of civilisation,

84; result at Tissa, 394
Irrigation works, antiquity, 347;
Chaldean, 348, early Indian, 348;
two systems, 347; merit through
constructing, 350; size, 351, 382
Itiya, 526, 532, 534
Iyakas, 19, 20, 167

Jātaka tales, 18, 106, 108, 547-551
Javelin, 523, 524; on coins 500
Jētavana dāgaba, 148; coins found

near, 463; construction, 299; cost
of paving slabs, 308; depth of
foundations, 310, 311; history,
307; identification, 299; inscrip-
tions, 308; pillars at wāhalkaḍas,
310; shaft sunk, 310; shape and
size, 309; wāhalkaḍas, 309; widest
completed dågaba, 309

Jōlas, blood feuds, 83; medical use of
cross-road, 654; no marriage cere-
mony, 119; no time records, 110
Jōtivana, name of Nandana garden,
272, 273, 299

Jumper, 556

Jungle, density of, 79

Jūtindhara, Vaedda chief, 24

Kaccatkoḍi inscriptions, 432, 434,
435

Kadamba river, boundary of Naga-

dipa, 16, 237, 243, 272
Kadawara Dēvată, forest deity, 158,
170; origin, 157; Minister of
Ayiyanar, 667

Kaelaniya dāgaba, 316; age, 316;
restoration, 317; shape, 317, 343;
size, 318

Kaelaniya kingdom, northern boun-
dary, 441; under Nagas, 14

Kaelē-bāsa, 123

Kākavaņņa Tissa, K., 440; built
dāgaba, 331; dedication of wihāra,
332, 497

Kālakaņņi Tissa, K., 450, 452; built
dăgaba, 319; irrigation work,

409

Kālasēna, Vaedda K., 23

Kālavēla, fortune-teller, 237, Vaedda
chief, 24, 105

Kalawaewa channel, 363; cup-holes,

229

Kalli keliya game, 629

Kālī, attendant of Pattini, 633; 8
forms, 151; carries itiya, 534
Kallāṛu, dams on, 410

Kalu Dēvatā, deified chief, 153; forest
deity, 158, 159; Minister of Ayi-
yanar, 667

Kalugal-baemma, highway, 239
Kalu Kumāra, title of Nilă, 153;
Indian Yaka, 143, 145, 633
Kalu Vaeddā Yakā, 143, 145
Kalu Yaka, 143

Kalyanawati, Q., inscription, 399;

restored Batalagoḍa tank, 254;
built wihåra, 254

Kambili Unnaehae, forest deity, 153,
Kanaka-Sabhai, V., on Chilappati-
169; Minister of Ayiyanår, 667
karan poem, 632

Kandalawa wihāra, inscription, 437
Kandē Baṇḍāra, 143

Kande Wanniyā, Vaedda deity, 114
Kandē Yakā, Vaedda deity, 72, 143;
killed Bilindā, 159

Kandian Sinhalese, abandon hamlets,
50; adhere to ancestral customs,
59; are Vaeddas, 30, 31, 100, 109;
arrows, 61; bee-hunters, 73; bows,
60; chiefs allied to Vaeddas, 102;
differ from W. coast race, 30; do
not use fish-hook, 52; eat monkeys,
51; family pride, 102; fire-making,
57; forest deities, 143, 169, 667;
hill deities, 144, 154, 177; honey
taking 172; hunters' offerings, 169;
hunting outfit, 109; hunters
termed Vaeddas, 74; idea of
locality, 78; identity of Kandian
and Vaedda religions, 146; imple-
ments, 561; injuries by bears, 69;
laconic speech, 88; mats, 565, 566;
millet cake, 52; recovery from
wounds, 70; story of Galē Deviya's

143;

arrival, 179; tools, 551; twig offer-
ings, 174; tradition of Vaedda
kings, 98; Vaedi-Yakās,
weapons, 523; worship of ancestral
spirits, 153, 154; of Ayiyanār and
Skanda, 136, 143, 150, 169, 172,
174; of Galē Deviyā, 134, 147, 152;
of Kiri Ammās, 151, 667; of
Wanni Deviyā, 143, 150, 159
Kandiya-kaṭṭu tank, 318, 396
Kani-raja, K., inscription, 657
Kaniṭṭha-Tissa, K, -Maļu-Tissa, 302,
303, 304, 311, 313, 321

Kannaki
631

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Pattini, 152; story of,

Koṭādaemu-hela, inscriptions, 452
Koți keliya, 585
Koți Sellama, 581

Koțiyo saha Harak game, 581
Kotu-baendum game, 598
Koțu Ellima game, 583
Knife, Kandian, 531, 551
Knowledge of Ceylon in Rāmāyana, 8
Knox, Capt. R., on bellows, 560;
language at An keliya, 639; length
of cubit, 338; Vaeddas, 95, 97;
Vaeddas as soldiers, 29

Kokka-gala, dancing rock, 178, 191;
landing of Galē-Yakā, 178; sacred
rock, 205

Kaņņimār, offerings to, 167; Vaedda Kolambālaka, battles at, 300

deities, 133, 151

Kassapa, K., 265, 281, 294, 308, 314
Kastānē, sabre, 531, 544

Kataragama temple, 103, 114 ff., 159
Kaṭiyawa tank, 219
Kațu Maha Sāēya, 319

Keiyanar, name of Ayiyanår, 148
Kemadi, dice, 605

Kosgama Kiri Ammā, 137

Kovilan or Kovālan, legend of, 631,
Kōvila Wanamē, Vaedda clan, 113,

114

Kravi, conquered heaven, 6
Kris, 532

Kuda Mi-maessa bee, 72

Kuḍā-Tissa, K., inscription, 451

Keteriya, axe, 542, 549; at Bādāmi, Kuḍā Waera-gala, cup-holes, 228

149, 543

Kha-em-Uast, knowledge of magic,
645

Khallata-Nāga, K., 280, 445
Kinnaras, Buddhists, 45; curly hair,
44; lowest caste, 44; may come
from Malayalam, 45 ; mat weaving,
565; mode of life, 45

Kinō-mal Nacci, Vaedda goddess, 138
Kiri Amma, averts bad luck and
sickness, 188; forest deity, 135,
162, 169; Giri-Ammā, 135, 206;
Mōhini, 136, 158; sons, 138, 158,
159, 206; temple, 147; wife of
Galē Yakā, 135, 147; worship,
162-165

Kiri Ammās, Seven, 137; deified f.

chiefs, 150; forms of Pattinī, 151;
goddesses, 667; offerings, 165
Kiribat dågaba, age, 315, coin from,
490; size, 315

Kirindi-oya, 240, 241, 388; dam, 390,

394

Kirti Bandāra, 154
Kirti Sri, K., 154, 530
Kitikaḍawala tank, 219
Kiwiyaluwa, birthplace of Wanni
Deviya, 159

Kohombe Yakā, 140, 146
Kondanāmikā, Vaedda queen, 23

Kuḍimbi-gala, cup-hole, 231; inscrip-
tions, 432

Kukulāpola Kiri Ammā, 137, 165
Kumāra, Skanda, 114, 145; Vaedda
chief, 24

Kumāra Baṇḍāra, 145, 200, 633
Kumāra Dhātu-Sēna, K., death, 253
Kumara Yakā, 145

Kumbē Yakā, 140, 144, 146
Kumbha, zodiacal sign, 141
Kumbōkaṭā, Vaedda slave, 25
Kurinjā-kuļam dam, 412
Kurumbuḍa Dēvatā or Yakā, 146,
200; altar, 202; arrival, 178, 179;
emblem, 197; forest guardian,
180; offerings, 200, 202
Kurunāēgala Postimā Baṇḍāra, 144
Kusalāna-kanda, inscription, 445
Kuwēni, Vaedda princess, 17, 23, 24,
236; children, 24, 113
Kuvēra, King in Ceylon, 6; home on
Alaka Mt., 164; ruler of Yakshas,
II, 140

Lajji-Tissa, K., built Sela caitya,
297; erected wāhalkaḍas, 280
Lakshmana, brother of Rāma, 668
Lamps scare demons, 270; hung
round dāgabas, 269, 289, 321

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