Abhaya, princess, 453
Abhayagiri dagaba. Coins found at,
463; construction, 298; wihāra
contained 5,000 monks, 301; di-
mensions 306; Fa Hien's account,
301; history, 304; identification,
299; inscription on relic case, 302;
pillars at wāhalkaḍas, 307; posi-
tion according to Dipavansa, 304;
wāhalkaḍas possibly post-Chris-
tian, 304

Abhaya, K., 245, 440; age, 456, 457;
K. of Giri, 330, 332; Pulinda, 99
Abhaya-waewa, 273, 353; age, 360;
size, 361, 388

Abhi Anuradhi, wife of K. Uttiya,
420, 422

Abhi Anuridhiyā, princess, 444
Abimana Yakā, 145

Aborigines termed Yakkhas, 23
Acrostics, 623

Adam's Peak, 14, 24; seat of Sumana,
668; visible from Kirindi, 241
Adze, 555

Advent of Vaeddas, 22

Aembalāna warigē, Vaedda clan, 113
Aembarun keliya, 571

Aet dagaba, 322; date, 323; in in-
scriptions, 322; repairs, 323
Affinity of Vaeddas and Kandian Sin-
halese, 29, 30, 109
Aggabōdhi, K., 265, 314

Agni, Fire-god, 3, 14; foe of demons,
3,635

Alagala, Vaeddas at, 205

Alaka, residence of Kuvēra, 164

Aļapusayā, f. chief, 422, 435

Allekaṭṭu dam, 410; cup-marks at,

Amaravati carvings. Axe, 542;
bident, 539; dāgaba, 293; Nāgas,
14, 15; saddles, 548
Ambatthala dagaba, 320; animals
carved, 322; encircling pillars, 322;
purpose, 320; roof, 321; shape and
size, 321; statue, 320
Amenhetep, knowledge of magic,
645

-

Umã, 667

Ammā Dēvi
Ancestral deities, 137, 146, 152-155
Angati, K., 152

Animals carved at religious edifices,
295, 312, 342; function, 291
An keliya, 631, 636

Annals, Sinhalese, general accuracy,
9, 10, 104, 284

Antiquity of irrigation works, 347
Anuļā, Q., 422, 423

Anumaetirala. Assistants, smith and
washerman, 189, 197; dancing
priest of Galē Deviyā, 197, 200;
priest of a god, 173

Anuradha, made first recorded tank,
351
Anurādhapura.

Arrangement

of

Arrows, 551; crescent-headed, 541;

poisoned, 525; Sinhalese, 525, 539,
540; Vaedda, 61

Articles placed in early dãgabas, 285,

328, 332, 334, 459, 494

Aryan early belief in demons, 3
Asāli prince Sāli, 444

Asatissa, early village at Tissa, 241
Ascetics' Forest, 302

Ashṭa Kāliyō, 8 forms of Kāli, 151;8
forms of Bhairava, 142

Asi keliya, 614

Aśōka, dāgaba built, 278

Aśōka, Indian K., date, 455; embas-
sies to, 497; presented State sword,
523; Sanchi dāgaba, 213
Asvaghōsha on magic, 653
Ātāla Deviyō, 138
Aṭasil, 133

Auspicious things are protective, 649
Axe, 523, 526, 542; earliest, 67; no
stone axes, 66

Aya, title of royal princes, 453
Ayiyanār, 149, 160; birth, 148, 155,
158; came from Madura, 149;
carving at Anuradhapura, 148, 650;
checks epidemics, 174; forest god,
142, 150, 158, 160, 169, 174; Guar-
Idian of N. Ceylon, 668; guards
villages, 149; his five Ministers,
667; in India, 148, 149; in-
signia, 161, 543; Nāyar deity,
149; son of Mōhini, 136; son
of Galē Deviyā, 206; tank and
village god, 172, 174; possibly a
form of Skanda, 206; vāhanas,
148; Wanni Deviyā, 150, 206

Badalat-tala

-

Batalagoda, 253
Bādāmi, statue of Ayiyanār, 148
Baedi-maeli, Vaedda goddess, 138
Baendiwala, weapon, 546

Balagiri, disease demoness, 166, Kiri
Ammā

Balfour, J. A., 274

Bahirawa Bhairava, god, 142;
Ashta Kāli Bahirawayō, his 8
forms, 142; guards temples and
treasures, 142, 515; his snake, 516
Bahirawa Yakā, 142

Baker, C. F. S., ruins found, 366
Bambara bee, 71, 73
Bandāras, historical instances, 152;

Kandian, 137, 143, 144, 170; notifi-
cation of status, 152; spirits of

ancestors or chiefs, 153; Wanniya
deities, 143, 168, 172

Baṇḍāra warigē, Vaedda clan, 95,
106, 113

Bārē, token of vow, 165; of Ayiyanar,
173; of Kiri Ammas, 165
Bark bag, 54; clothing, 39
Basket, mat, water-tight, 567
Basmasură, servant of Śiva, 156
Batalagoḍa-waewa. Age, 397; bricks,
397; inadequate flood-escape, 400;
Kalyānavati, Q. restored it, 254,
399; size, 400
Battle-axe, 523, 549
Beads, early, in

dāgaba, 334

Nikawãe-kanda

Bēbi-kapanawā game, 621

Beehive, royal, 169, 170; ceremony
for taking, 170

Bees wild, 4 species, 71; wax and
young eaten, 73

Bell dagaba, 266, 314, 320; early
shape, 342

Bell, H. C. P., 415; An-keliya, 634,
639; cross-shaped relic-chamber,
278, 650; Dakuņu dāgaba, 314;
early coins, 463, 472, 543; engrav-
ing of dagger and shield, 531, 545;
hammer, 558; hoes, 555; inscrip-
tions, 444, 451; Kiribat dāgaba,
315; latest grant of cave, 454;
Nerenchi diagrams, 578; armed
men, 534, 539; Sangamitta dågaba,
278; sickle, 554; Sinhalese among
Vaeddas, 97
Bellows, 559

Benares, birth-place of Nãyinār, 161
Bent, T., on Mancala game, 591
Bertolacci, on Dighavāpi, 318
Bhāgavata Purāna, birth of Ayi-
yanar, 147

Bhairava, god, 142; guardian, 142,
515; on coin, 515

Bhalluka, K., 300; arms, 524

Bharhut dagaba, carvings, 14, 15;
Yakkhas at, 28

Bhātikābhaya, K., 280, 289, 453
Bident, 539, 546; on coins, 500
Bilindā Yakā, Vaedda deity, 138, 150;
is Ilandāri, 159; killed by Kandě
Yakā, 159; offerings, 166; possibly
a form of Gaņēsa, 206; son of Kiri-
Ammā, 138, 206; Wanni Deviya,
142, 206

Bille Yakā, 145

Bill-hook, 552; emblem of Gale

Deviya, 189, 197

Birds carved at dågabas, 268, 291,
292, 314, 322, 487
Black-skinned races, 46

Blood or flesh offered to demons, 142
Boksal, name of Ayiyanår, 668
Bōla keliya, 625

Bō-tree planted, 115, 272, 273:
taken to Anuradhapura, 273, 424
Bow, 59, 523, 539; British, 59; modes
of holding, 60; on coins, 516; size,
274; strings, 60

Bōwala Dēyā, 137; Yakā, 146
Bōwata, inscriptions, 453, 454
Bōwela-gedara Kiri-Amma, Vaedda
deity, 137

Bricks. Ancient types not reverted
to, 304; archaeological value, 209;
at caves, 218; dates at structures,
211; decrease in size to 13th cent.,
215; detailed measurements, 667;
inscribed, 283, 326, 327, 461, 462;
irregularity in size, 218; limits of
size, 216; mentioned in Satapatha
Brahmana, 213; relative values of
measurements, 215; sizes, 214,
339; value for dates, 210, 215, 217;
variation in proportions, 216
Brick-makers' cubit, 340
Brick structures, dates of, 211
Bridges, 243, 272, 274, 405
Bubble-shaped dagabas, 263, 276,
286, 293, 295, 306, 309, 336, 343
Buddha, date of death, 424; 3 visits
to Ceylon, 12-14

Buddhism, early wihāras in N. Cey-
lon, 32, 418

Buddhist railing, 269, 276, 277, 288,
295, 296, 306, 309, 312; known in
3rd cent. B.C., 277; magical fence
against demons, 268, 269, 659
Buffaloes, for riding and stalking, 92;
first introduced, 562

Buhu keliya, 628

Builders and masons' cubit, 340
Buja Parākama-Bāhu, K., 354
Bull, recumbent, on coins, 494
Bull standing, at dagabas, 290, 291,
295, 502; emblem of gods, 511
Bull's skull, an amulet, 511
Burrows, S. M., discoveries-axes,
554, hoe, 555; inscribed relic-cases,
302; oblong coins, 463; pick-
hammer, 556

Caillié on Moorish Siga game, 608
Cairn-shaped dågaba, 317, 343
Caldwell, Bishop, on Dravidian in-
tellect, 40; Sinhalese annals, 9
Candragupta, date of, 349
Canon for dågabas, 336
Card games, 621
Carnelian gem, 328, 494
Cavalry, 545, 547, 548

Caves, 31, 97, 417, 418; abandoned
by Vaeddas in pre-Christian times,
31, 97; first residents used stone
implements, 31; inscriptions rarely
post-Christian, 32; names of, 449 ;
prepared for monks, 31, 418; occu-
pation by Vaeddas, 48; temples in,
181, 183, 426, 435
Census of Vaeddas, 38

Cētiyā, Vaedi chieftainess, 24, 25
Ceylon, origin of name, 29
Channels, antiquity of, 347; earliest
Chaldean, 348; Indian, 348; opened
from rivers, 390, 404, 408, 409, 411,
412

Charmed thread as protection, 23
Chariots, 547

Chatta, magical protection, 288, 517;
on coin, 500; on dågaba spires, 276,
280, 281, 288, 293, 294, 305, 307,
312, 314, 317, 324, 325
Chatty-shaped dāgaba, 343
Chaturanga game, 605

Chekku oil mill, efficiency, 234
Chess, 586
Chisels, 556

Choko game, 604

Chōnka game, 599

Christie, H. B., arrow-heads of, 61
Chronology of early kings, 424, 455;
table facing 458

Churning of Ocean, 136, 147, 196
Cicero on virtue in words, 250
Circle with 6 emblems a magical dia-

gram, 317

Citta, Vaedda K., 25, 104
Civilisation of Vaeddas, 26, 103
Clans of Vaeddas, 113

Club, 161, 524, 526, 543

Cobras carved at dāgabas and tanks,
289, 307, 310, 500, 657; guardians,
512; on coin, 500

Coinage in Mahāvansa, 468; in

Vedas, 467, 468

Coins, copper and silver of one scale,

488; early, in dāgabas, 459; large

circular, 490, 503; mentioned in
inscription, 528; symbols on, 491
ff., 506 ff.; symbols were protect-
ive, 500, 520; weights, 489, 505;
were amulets, 490, 501, 520
Coins, oblong, 461; age, 462, 490;
date of burial, 494; from Anurā-
dhapura, 463, 482; from Mulleit-
tīvu, 461, 476; from Tissa, 461,
474; irregularity of weight, 489;
in S. India, 490, 506; weights, 488;
were tokens, 489

Codrington, H. W., on Kohombē
Yakā, 146

Connection of Vaedda and Sinhalese

religions, 146
Conundrums, 623

Copleston, Bishop R.S., on identifi-
cation of Sirivadḍhana Nuwara,
254

Copper in India, 467; not in Vedas,
467

Cotton gin, 562, 564

Crescent on coins, 509, 516, 517
Cross, 643; Assyrian, 656; auspicious
character, 648; bars on it, protect-
ive, 492, 661; dots not nails, 661;
emblem of gods and life, 148, 652;
general early use, 646; guarded by
enclosing square, 654; guardian,
657, 688; in Accadian tomb, 649 ;
in Australia, 661; in dāgaba, 650;
in Egypt, 646; in inscriptions, 449,
657; meaning, 647; not emblem of
sacred fire, 655; nor of sun, 655;
on coins, 512; on figures, 655; on
Purāna, 470; origin of barred and
guarded crosses, 660; origin of
Swastika, 659; protective powers,
649; spirit home, 492, 654; sym-
bolical pictograph, 650, 653
Cross-bow, 525

Crossing the River, puzzle, 623
Cross-roads auspicious, 654; sites for

dāgabas, 654; spirit haunts, 654;
use in medicine, 654
Cubit bricks, length, 339

Cubit, length, 338; two sizes, 340
Culāni, K., address to troops, 551
Cūlanaga, Nāga K., 455

Culin, S., on Mancala game, 590, 591
Culōdara, Nāga K., 425
Cutting the Waters, 642

Cult of Indian demons, tradition of
introduction, 155

Cunningham, Sir A., date of Sanchi
dagaba, 213; erosion of Purānas,
465; scales of coinage, 488; sym-
bols on coins, meaning, 518
Cup-holes, large, as lamps, 232; at
Galmaeḍiya-gala, 228; Galpitiya-
gala, 229; Kalawaewa channel,
229; Kuḍā Waera-gala, 228; Ku-
dimbi-gala, 231; Nāgadarana-
gama, 232; Rūgama tank, 231;
Sigarața-hēna, 228; Tamara-gala,
232; Tumbullē Waehaera-gala, 231;
Wellangolla, 230; description, 232;
groups observed by Vaeddas, 232;
name, 233; possible use, 233
Cup-holes, small, at Allekaṭṭu dam,
222; Galmaeḍiyā-gala, 224; Lena-
ma-gala, 228; Pallebaedda, 226;
Sigarata-hēna, 224; for Olinda
keliya, age, 589; rare, 222

Daedimuṇḍā, 139, 200
Dāgabas. Abhayagiri, 298; Aet,
332; Aśōka's, 278; Dakuņu, 312;
Damila, 309; Dighavāpi, 318;
Heṭṭipola, 285; Idikaṭu, 319;
Jētavana, 307; Kaelaniya, 316;
Kahatagaswela, 344 ; Kiribat, 315;
Lankǎrāma, 311; Maeņik, 330;
Mahānāga, 323; Maha Sāēya, 275;
Mahinda, 278; Mahiyangana, 315;
Manisōma, 311; Miniature, 341;
Miriswaeți, 294; Nāga-mālaka, 279;
Nikawåe-kanda, 332; Oṭṭappuwa,
343; Ruwanwaeli, 279; Sandagiri,
324, 327; Sangamittā, 278; Sara-
bhu's, 315; Sēla, 297; Sēruvila,
330; Sila Sobbha Kandaka, 304;
Sōmavati, 330; Tissa, 323; Uddha-
cūļābhaya's, 315; Wellangolla, 344;
Yaṭṭhāla, 327

Animals carved at, 268, 289–291,
295, 296, 307, 310, 312, 322; articles
placed in, 285, 328, 332, 334, 459,
494; beads in, 334; canon for, 336;
coins found in, 310, 328, 459; com-
pared with Pyramids, 262; first
great ones, 296; earliest in Ceylon,
262; guardian deities at, 307, 310,
314, 342; guardian of, 212; heights,
266, 276, 288, 293, 294, 298, 307,
312, 316, 318, 321, 326, 330, 341;
Indian with 5 chattas, 293; lamps
hung round, 269, 289, 321, 322;

mode of raising materials, 326;
names for, 261; names of parts,
337; not on Purānas, 519; on coins,
509; pearls in, 335; shape of Phoe-
nician tomb, 261; proportions, 337,
341; purpose of encircling pillars,
269, 289; site fixed by animals,
331; six shapes, 336; state in 12th
cent., 298; types of, 336, 342
Dagger, 531

Dahānaka Baṇḍāra, deified chief, 200
Dakuņu dāgaba, age, 312; roof over,

313; shape and size, 312; wāhal-
kadas, 314

Dalada Maligawa at Sirivaḍdhana
Nuwara, 258

Dambadiva, name of India, 14
Dambulla, inscriptions, 98, 99, 441,
450

Damila Thūpa, 309

Dams, river. Allēkaṭṭu, 410; Aruvi-

āru, 247; Kirindi-oya, 390; Kuri-
njā-kulam, 412; oblique, 391
Dancing Rocks of Galē Deviyā, 191–
194, 197, 205; of Galē Yakā, 178,
189, 191, 205

Daṇḍuwaella bee, 72
Dappula II, K., 357

Darwin, C., on fire-making, 58
Daṭhōpa-Tissa, K., 265

Davids, Prof. Rhys, inscriptions
translated, 415; on date of Aśōka,
455; position of women, 422
Davy, Dr. J., on bellows, 561; on
Kataragama, 115; on length of
bow, 539; on length of cubit, 338
Dedication of wihāra, 332
Deer-horns gnawed by porcupines, 74
Deification of chiefs, instances, 137,
153

Deities, forest, 138, 139, 142, 143, 150,

159, 169, 172, 206; insignia, 141,
144, 145, 156, 160, 161, 189, 197,
200, 525, 632; on coins, 499, 500,
517; of Vaeddas, 133 ff., 177 ff., 206;
of Wanniyas, 158

Demala Diviyan keliya, 581
Demons. Cheated by Gods, 136;
days for ceremonies to, 194; num-
ber in Ceylon, 521; offerings by
Vaeddas, 97; priests' food pro-
hibition, 195; Vaedi, 139 ff.
Demon-scarers. Auspicious things
and words, 649; cross, 649, 650,
657; dog, 513; foul language and

gestures, 635; gods, their emblems
and vahanas, 3 ff., 510 ff., 635;
physicians, 515; tree, sacred, 512;
sistrum, 506; snake, 512; sun, 3,
288, 291, 296, 306, 309, 503, 511,
656, 657; swastika, 493
Deva-giriya Raṇa-giriya, 179
Dēvānam-piya Tissa, K., date, 455;
dāgabas built, 262; embassies to
Aśōka, 497; founded Păcina wihā-
ra, 423; meeting with Mahinda,
27, 320; planted Bō-tree, 273;
received State Sword from Aśōka,
523; statue, 320

Dēvatā Baṇḍāra, 140, 200

Dēvatās guard dāgabas, 342; food
offering to, 201

Devi-Amman, fire-walking ceremony,

141

Devol or Devel Deviyā, fire-walking
ceremony, 141

Dewāla, 183, 184, 525

Deyiyanne kapuwa, priest of Gale
Yakā, 188

Dhananjaya, K., guarded by ances-
tral spirit, 152

Dhātu-Sēna, K., 281, 307

Dhatuvansa, II

Dhumarakkha Mt., near Mahawaeli-
ganga, 24

Dialect, Kaele Bāsa, 123; of Vaeddas,
20, 123
Dighathūpa, 297

Dighavāpi, 14; age, 388, 396; identi-
fied, 396

Dighavapi dāgaba, commemorative,
318; discovery, 318; founder, 318
Dimensions, ancient, in feet, 340
Dipavansa, date, 9

Disk, sun's, 656; not astrological,
516; on coins, 501, 516; on dåga-
bas, 288, 306, 309, 502; on
moonstone, 291; on pillar, 292, 296
Divĕgala or Havidavi wihāra - Ridi
wihāra, 530

Diviyan keliya or Diviyalliya, 581
Dodan keliya, 631, 640

Dogs, demon-scarers, 513; feat of,
90; invaluable in forests, 91; on
coins, 513

Domestic animals of Vaeddas, 90
Draughts, 584

Draupadi, fire-walking ceremony, 140
Dresser, Dr. C., on false relief, 475
Drills, 558